General Ecology PDF

General Ecology ECOLOGY 215, 1st Semester Lecture 1.1 Ecology: Definition and Importance Emmanuel Lozano and Karl Patrick D. Taguberi Department of BIOLOGY dhvsu.edu.ph The major spheres of the Earth COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY...

General Ecology ECOLOGY 215, 1st Semester Lecture 1.1 Ecology: Definition and Importance Emmanuel Lozano and Karl Patrick D. Taguberi Department of BIOLOGY dhvsu.edu.ph The major spheres of the Earth COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY study of relationships among organisms and between organisms and Ecology the physical environment distribution, abundance, variety, etc. The term ecology comes from the Greek words oikos, meaning “the family household,” and logy, meaning “the study of.” It has the same root word as economics, meaning “management of the household.” Ernst Haeckel-German Zoologist “By ecology we mean the body of knowledge concerning the economy of nature—the investigation of the total relations of the animal both to its inorganic and to its organic; including above all, its friendly and inimical relations with those animals and plants with which it comes directly or indirectly into contact—in a word, ecology is the study of all those complex interrelationships referred to by Darwin as the conditions of the struggle for existence.” COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY Avicennia rumphiana A mangrove species marked by the IUCN as “Red List”  COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY Why study ecology? 01 02 Human activity Living things is rapidly changing the ecological like us are bound to be affected by these situation of the planet. changes in ecology.  COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY Factor affecting an ecosystem (a)Climate (b)soil, directly influence the forest trees. (c) Herbivores feed on the canopy (d)while predators such as this warbler feed upon insects. (e)The forest canopy intercepts light, modifying its availability for understory plants. (f) A variety of decomposers, both large and small, feed on dead organic matter on the forest floor, and in doing so, release nutrients to the soil that provide for the Smith 2015 growth of plants. COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY Ecologists study organisms, their features and behavior, as well as non-biological components like soil, water, climate, and weather. COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY environmental relationships, from individual organisms to global-scale Scope processes. covers a hierarchy of ecological entities COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY Biosphere Region Landscape Ecosystem Community Interactions Population Individual COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY Focuses on the changes in the physiology and anatomy of organisms Physiological to adapt to their environment Ecology Individual level COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY Deals with the changes in the behavior of organisms to survive and reproduce Behavioral in their habitat Ecology Individual level COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY Centered on factors that influence the structure of a group of individuals of Population the same species in an area Ecology Population level COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY Study of interactions between species such as predation, parasitism, and Interactions competition Ecology Interactions level COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY Concerned on the understanding of environmental influences of to the Community diversity of species in an area Ecology Community level COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY Focuses on ecological processes occurring in a system such as nutrient Ecosystem and energy flow, decomposition, etc. Ecology Ecosystem level COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY Studies the exchange of materials, energy, and organisms between Landscape ecosystems and/or communities Ecology Landscape level COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY Concerned with the long-term and large-scale processes that occur Regional among landscapes in the same geographical region Ecology Regional level COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GENERAL ECOLOGY Covers the entirety of the Earth that supports life such as land, water, and Biosphere atmosphere Ecology Regional level COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY Ecology is the study of relationships among organisms and between Summary organisms and the environment. Ecological studies can shed light on the future of the planet and understanding of natural phenomena. COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY Ecologists work both in the field and in the laboratory to understand nature. Summary Ecological studies can be categorized into a hierarchy of levels of organization; each of them is connected to another. Don Honorio Ventura State University