1_CIRCULATORY_SYSTEM(4).pdf

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Grade 9 Science Cardiovascular System Circulatory system is responsible for the flow of: blood nutrients water oxygen and other gases hormones  main pumping organ of the circulatory system located in the center of the chest, in front of the lungs and sl...

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Grade 9 Science Cardiovascular System Circulatory system is responsible for the flow of: blood nutrients water oxygen and other gases hormones  main pumping organ of the circulatory system located in the center of the chest, in front of the lungs and slightly to the left HEART  a pear-shaped muscle that is protected by a membrane called pericardium beats about 3 billion times during an average lifetime HEART  12 1 7 6 8 2 5 9 11 3 10 4  circulatory tissue of the body that is being produced from bone marrow carries food materials and oxygen to the body BLOOD cells  remove waste products including carbon dioxide transports internal secretions and vitamins BLOOD destroys the bacteria  PLASMA WHITE BLOOD CELLS & PLATELETS RED BLOOD CELLS PLASMA thick and yellowish liquid part of blood contains and carries specialized cells, dissolved salts, proteins, nutrients, wastes, and other chemicals WHITE BLOOD CELLS (leukocyte)  WHITE BLOOD CELLS (leucocyte) help the body fight off germs engulf and destroy bacteria through phagocytosis TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS Neutrophils are the first responder of immune cells. Basophils release histamine to mount a non-specific immune response. TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS Eosinophils fight bacteria and parasites but also provoke allergy symptoms. Lymphocytes are B and T cells that defend against specific invaders. Monocytes clean up dead cells PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES)  PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES) The fibrinogen from the plasma will be converted by the platelets into threadlike substance called fibrin. Strands of fibrin entwine and make a mesh to trap blood cells. RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTES) responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide typically live 120 days and then, they die  RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTES) red colored due to the presence of hemoglobin  - carry blood to different parts of a person’s body BLOOD VESSELS ARTERIES - carry oxygen-rich blood AWAY from the heart  ARTERIES AORTA - connects to the heart and picks up oxygenated blood from left ventricle. PULMONARY ARTERY - picks up deoxygenated blood between heart and lungs  VEINS - carry non- oxygenated blood back toward the heart except PULMONARY VEIN as it take oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart  CAPILLARIES - connect the arteries to veins  CAPILLARIES - Capillary walls allow the nutrients, oxygen, and waste to pass in and out of the blood.  Blood is kept in blood vessels. Blood does not mix with interstitial fluid. Due to the presence of muscular and contractile blood vessels, the speed of circulation is more rapid The efficiency of circulation increases due to the enhancement of supply and removal of materials to and from the tissues by the blood. Volume of blood flowing through a tissue or organ is regulated by the contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the blood vessels.  Dorsal vessel - carries blood towards the head Ventral vessel - carries blood towards the tail EARTHWORM  Blood is moved along the dorsal vessel through contractible waves called peristalsis. There are five pairs of heart that force blood to the ventral vessel. EARTHWORM  two-chambered heart composed of one atrium and one ventricle Blood is pumped from the heart to the gills where it receives oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. FISH  three-chambered heart consisting of two atria and a single ventricle FROG  Do not have a true heart or capillaries. Blood vessels act as pumps to force the blood along.  Hemocoel -pumps the blood in open regions. H e m o l y m p h - combination of blood and interstitial fluid that is propelled by one or more hearts into the sinuses. There are no smooth muscles; therefore the blood flows at a very low velocity and at low pressure. The materials between the cells and the blood exchange directly because of the direct contact. There are no red corpuscles because the respiratory pigment, when present, is dissolved in the plasma of the blood.  W e a k e n i n g o f blood vessel wall causing the formation of bulge  Large aneurysms can rupture causing significant loss of blood mostly in the abdominal area.  Symptoms include back, chest, or abdominal pain  Hardening of arteries due to plaque build up in the arteries  Blocks the blood flow and oxygen, possibly leading to a heart attack Smoking and high blood pressure are two major risk factors for the disease  Formation of blood clots in deep veins, typically in thigh or calf Symptoms include leg pain, swelling or skin discoloration  Can be life threatening once the clot travels the lungs (pulmonary embolism), causing shortness of breath and pain with deep breathing  Factors that contribute to the disease include being bedridden, prolonged sitting, trauma, pregnancy, and obesity  Serious inflammation of small to medium sized arteries Commonly associated with Hepatitis B infection  Symptoms include fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, and muscle and joint aches  Abnormal tangles of blood vessels within an area of the circulatory system  Severe problems and death can be brought by the formation in brain or spinal cord Headaches, seizures, and paralysis are some of the possible side effects