1- Biochemistry-for-Nurses.pdf

Biochemistry for Nurses Introduction    Definition of Biochemistry: Biochemistry is the chemistry of biological systems Molecules are lifeless but they compose living things These molecules are called Biomolecules Biomolecules Building block (Monomer) 1 garda Amino Acids Macromolecule (...

Biochemistry for Nurses Introduction    Definition of Biochemistry: Biochemistry is the chemistry of biological systems Molecules are lifeless but they compose living things These molecules are called Biomolecules Biomolecules Building block (Monomer) 1 garda Amino Acids Macromolecule (Polymer) zyatr la +1 gard Protein Sugar residues (e.g glucose, sucrose, fructose) Nucleic Acids Carbohydrate Glycerol and fatty acids Lipids DNA, RNA What elements are biomolecules composed of?  Biomolecules are composed mainly of six nonmetallic elements: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur sulfur = gogrd  These atoms make up >97% of the weight of most organisms  These elements can form stable covalent bonds Points to note:  Water is a major component of cells  Carbon is more abundant in living organisms than it is in the rest of the universe Biomolecules are essentially organic compounds Common functional groups present in biomolecules Common linkages present in biomolecules Why is carbon so predominant in living systems?  This is because of the ability of carbon atoms to bond together to form long chains and rings. Carbon can covalently bond with up to four other atoms. Hierarchy of Molecular Components in a Cell The Cell And its Organelles Supramolecular Complexes e.g Enzyme complexes, ribosomes,chromosomes Macromolecules Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, DNA, RNA Biomolecules (Building Blocks) Amino acids, Sugars, Fatty acids, Glycerol, Nucleic acids Metabolites Pyruvate,citrate, succinate, Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Precursors H2O, CO2, NH4+, NO3- and N2 References    Biochemistry (3rd Edition) by Garrett and Grisham acad.erskine.edu/facultyweb/smith/ .../Powerpoints/HortonCH1.ppt www.passovoy.com/biology/Bioche mistry-Biomolecules.ppt