Parties in the AEC Industry PDF

August 29, 2023 Arch 6315-4315 Parties in the AEC Industry Ingeborg Rocker Stuart Romm Traditional Roles and Contractual Relationships Finance & Insurance Architect Engineers Reviewing Authority Owner Consultants General Contractor Sub Sub Traditional Roles and Contractual Relationships...

August 29, 2023 Arch 6315-4315 Parties in the AEC Industry Ingeborg Rocker Stuart Romm Traditional Roles and Contractual Relationships Finance & Insurance Architect Engineers Reviewing Authority Owner Consultants General Contractor Sub Sub Traditional Roles and Contractual Relationships Finance & Insurance Architect Engineers • • • • M e c h a n i c a l engineer • HVAC • P/FP Structural engineer Electrical engineer Civil engineer Reviewing Authority Owner General Contractor Consultants Sub • Cost consultants • Scheduling consultants • L a n d s c a p e architects • Interior designers • Lighting designers • Low voltage specialists (data/telecom) • Food service consultants Sub Traditional Roles and Contractual Relationships Finance & Insurance Architect Engineers • • • • M e c h a n i c a l engineer • HVAC • P/FP Structural engineer Electrical engineer Civil engineer Reviewing Authority Owner Consultants General Contractor Sub Specialty consultants for specific projects • R&D programming a n d HVAC design • Curtain wall (envelope) consultants • Waterproofing consultants • • • Theater consultants Theatrical lighting consultants Acoustical a n d performance center desig n Sub Traditional & New Roles and Contractual Relationships Finance & Insurance Reviewing Authority Owner Program Manager Architect Development Manager General Contractor Construction Manager Commissioning Agent Engineers Consultants Sub Sustainability Consultant Sub The owner (1) • Determines the need for a new building (determination of need) • Finds the site (often with consulting help) • Develops/arranges the financing • Develops (often in concert with consultants) the program of requirements and all criteria for the building • Provides the information on existing conditions • Site survey • Geotechnical information (what’s under the ground) • Determines the fundamental financial requirements • Determines the basic schedule (when must we finish?) • Decides on project delivery method The owner (1I) • Assembles the project team, the program manager and/or design team usually being first ➢ ➢ ➢ select program manager or owner’s representative (if used) select design team select construction team • Charges and directs (often with a program manager) the design team • Plans, monitors and approves (or disapproves) the actions the team • Takes action when necessary • Pays the bills • Sees to the involvement of other necessary parties • Approves the final product • Assumes ownership and management responsibility • Makes important and timely decisions (we hope) Types of Owners | Public GOVERNMENT Federal Government • GSA (Design Excellence Program) • USACOE • Other Military (NavFac, Air Force) • Court system • Park Service • Research State Government • Colleges and universities • Governmental Buildings • Courts • Research State Municipal Municipal Government • Recreation and public assembly • City Halls, Courts • Various governmental functions • Schools Types of Owners | Private Business Corporations • Corporate office buildings • Research facilities • Specialized buildings • Manufacturing • Warehousing and distribution • Parking structures Developers • Spec office buildings • Retail • Build to suit • Multifamily residential • Condo • Rental • Student Housing • Warehousing Private individuals • Houses • Museums Types of Owners • Those who are free to employ any legal method for purchasing architectural and construction services • Private • Public serial builders where laws are sympathetic and expertise is present • Those who are constrained by law or custom as to the methods they may employ • Public builders constrained by laws • Occasional builders with limited expertise Traditional Contractual Relationships Finance & Insurance The User Architect Engineers Reviewing Authority Owner Consultants General Contractor Sub Sub All these contractual relationships can be handled using standard contracts prepared by AIA Financing entities Public • General obligation bonds • Revenue bonds • Special purpose local option sales tax Private $$ • Often have review authority • Mortgage financing • Construction loans • Permanent loans • Sources • • • • Banks Pension Funds Insurance Companies Real Estate Investment Trusts Traditional Contractual Relationships Finance & Insurance The User Architect Engineers Reviewing Authority Owner Consultants General Contractor Sub Sub All these contractual relationships can be handled using standard contracts prepared by AIA Reviewing Authorities CODES Laws Rules Codes • Generally, a city obligations • Can be state or Federal (if the building is owned by one of these) • Reviewing for compliance with codes in all disciplines plus fire safety Zoning • Regulates land use • Controlled by zoning boards and city and county governments • Zoning changes (to allow a specific building type) is subject to approval of zoning authorities Design (aesthetics/materials) • Codes • Local committee constraints Traditional Contractual Relationships Finance & Insurance The User Architect Engineers Reviewing Authority Owner Consultants General Contractor Sub Sub All these contractual relationships can be handled using standard contracts prepared by AIA The users (people who will use (but perhaps not own) the building • Provide the Owner with information about how the building will be used • Participate in the design process by reviewing the developing design, providing reactions • Respond to potential new technologies and best practices for workplace utilization • Participate in planning for interior use and move management • Help to understand improvements in functionality and efficiency • Occupy and use the building to advantage The users | Major Categories • Administrators (i.e. hospital administrators) who have responsibility for operating the building • Building occupants (i.e. students and professors, patients, residents, workers, etc.) • Transient users (public in government buildings, those conducting transactions with building occupants) Traditional Contractual Relationships Finance & Insurance Architect Engineers Reviewing Authority Owner Consultants General Contractor Sub Sub All these contractual relationships can be handled using standard contracts prepared by AIA Architects • Lead the design team (it is a collaborative process) • Solve the functionality problem • Meet the Owner’s program • Develop the project’s aesthetic • Prepare both “design” documents and construction documents • Manage the design process • Time • Schedule • Quality • Meet all regulations and codes • Observe and comment on the contractor’s performance and the adherence of the construction to the contract • Many duties during construction Recent Change in the Role of Architects • Less focus on doing all the design work ourselves (or with the help of our consultants), although this is still a primary roll. • Much more management of the work of others, including: • Specialty consultants • Sub sub consultants • Design assist subcontractors • Much more collaboration with contractors and sub-contractors during the design process • Much more reactive a s compared to the past More Recent Change in the Roles of AEC Digitization Digital Thread Virtual Twin AII • Increased efficiency across the entire lifecycle cycle of a building. • Multiplayer shared interoperable model / referential • Digital Permitting • Digitally supported management of players and workflows, including: • Specialty consultants • Sub sub consultants • Design assist subcontractors • Increased collaboration across disciplines – e.g. with contractors and sub-contractors leveraging digital referential. • Entire building lifecycle = newBusiness opportunities for Architects Types of firms • Architecture • Engineering • Single discipline • Multi-discipline • A/E • E/A • Design Build • Interior Design • Comprehensive design, engineer, construct Specialization of firms Hospital design (Perkins & Will, HKS) Office buildings (Skidmore, TVS&A) Research Facilities (Lord Aeck & Sargent, URS) K-12 school design (Manley Spangler, P&W) Sports facility design (HOK, Populus, Heery, Rosser) • Industrial Facility Design (w sub specialties) • • • • • Perkins & Will Skidmore • Food processing • Data processing • Distribution • Grocery • Retail P&W Niles Bolton Praxis 3 • • • • Prisons (Rosser, Carter-Goble) Student Housing (Niles Bolton, others) Commercial Housing (Niles Bolton) Automotive retail (Praxis 3) Traditional Contractual Relationships Finance & Insurance Reviewing Authority Owner Architect General Contractor Civil Engineer Engineers Consultants Sub Sub All these contractual relationships can be handled using standard contracts prepared by AIA Engineer’s responsibility (Arch Projects) • Function a s a member of the design team • Support and advise the architect (& Owner) • Solve the functionality problem a s it relates to their discipline • Meet the Owner’s program regarding systems • Support the project’s aesthetic • Prepare both “design” documents and construction documents • Meet all regulations and codes However, it is important to note that: • Engineers (usually civil engineers) lead the design of many projects not led by architects • These include: • Roads, bridges, dams, other infrastructure projects • Some manufacturing buildings • Technical processes • Military works Types of Engineers involvd in most of the Projects Finance & Insurance Architect Engineers • • • • M e c h a n i c a l engineer • HVAC • P/FP Structural engineer Electrical engineer Civil engineer Reviewing Authority Owner Consultants General Contractor Sub Sub Mechanical Engineers • HVAC • HVAC Design the air conditioning and ventilating systems in the building • Plumbing & fire protection • Design the Sanitary and storm water systems, and sprinklers and fire protection Structural Engineers • Design the building structure, including foundations, retaining walls, superstructure, wind and earthquake resistance systems….. Electrical Engineers • Power • Bring power from the power company’s transformers into the building and distribute it • Lighting • Design lighting systems throughout the building • Low Voltage • Design data, telecom, signal, IT, security and communications systems Civil Engineers • Typically design everything outside the 5’-0” line…including earth forms, sanitary, storm, other utilities, roadways, but usually not electrical and not planting/ landscape (although often in the same firm with L/As Landscape architects • Are not engineers, but share much training with civil engineers and can do much of what civils can do plus design landscape/hardscape/planting for buildings and complexes Traditional Contractual Relationships Finance & Insurance Architect Engineers Reviewing Authority Owner Consultants General Contractor Sub Sub All these contractual relationships can be handled using standard contracts prepared by AIA Traditional Contractual Relationships & Associated Families of Documents Traditional & Recent Contractual Relationship Atlanta Practice Talks 1 Season 2 | Fall 2023 8 | 29 | 2023 Hosted by Stuart Romm Ingeborg Rocker GA TECH | 5:00 pm – 6:30pm | Reinsch-Pierce Auditorium Thank You Stuart Romm Ingeborg Rocker GA TECH | 5:00 pm – 6:30pm | Reinsch-Pierce Auditorium