Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 Module 2 PDF

Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 – Module 2: Unifying Themes in the Study of Life CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2 Earth and Life Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 2: Unifying Themes in the Study of Life First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293,...

Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 – Module 2: Unifying Themes in the Study of Life CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2 Earth and Life Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 2: Unifying Themes in the Study of Life First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: Nerissa E. Manila Editors: Melanie I. Samudio, Jocelyn M. Manset Reviewers: Jason Ricaforte, Elizabeth A. Soriano, Princess Paolah L. De Guzman, Marissa C. Betchaida, Louie L. Alvarez, Gregorio M. De Chavez Jr., Jocelyn M. Manset, Mario B. Maramot, Elaine T. Balaogan, Job S. Zape Jr., Arturo E. De Leon Illustrator: Ednalinda Robles, Lovely Joy La Rosa, Charles Erick A. Jusay, Sandro Carlo B. Tablizo Layout Artist: Anselma M. Ebero, Elizalde L. Piol, Jocelyn M. Manset, Argie L. Ty Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas Job S. Zape, Jr. Ramonito Elumbaring Reicon C. Condes Elaine T. Balaogan Fe M. Ong-ongowan Merthel M. Evardome Nadine C. Celindro Nicolas M. Burgos Mario B. Maramot Fe M. Ong-ongowan Rosalinda A. Mendoza Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Brgy. San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: [email protected] Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 – Module 2: Unifying Themes in the Study of Life Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the Unifying Themes of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The module covers: Lesson 1 – Unifying Themes of Study of Life (Biology) After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. name the unifying themes in the study of life; 2. describe the unifying themes illustrated; 3. explain the connection among living things and their interaction with the environment; 4. give details on how these themes serve as the foundation in the study of biology. 5. value life by taking good care of all beings, human, plants and animals. 1 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2  What I Know Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Continuity of life is explained by ______________. A. evolution B. regulation C. form and function D. reproduction and inheritance 2. Living things are considered organisms if they possess which of the following characteristics? A. grow and develop B. failure to produce offspring C. absence of orderly structure D. incapability of adapting to changing environment 3. Which of the following best explains why humans sweat when they get hot? A. use energy B. ability to grow C. ability to reproduce D. maintain the internal environment 4. Describe the image illustrated on the right side. A. They are evolving. B. The organisms are growing and developing. C. It shows how organisms respond to its environment. D. There is a transfer of energy among living organisms. 5. Which statement does not describe the image on the right side? A. Plants acquire energy for them to perform their task, the food making. B. There is a transfer of energy from the sun to the plants. C. Plants need the abiotic factors in order to grow. D. They are evolving. 6. Which statement is TRUE based on the illustration? A. Cell is present on fossils. B. Early organisms lack cell. C. Cell is the basic unit of life. D. Cell is present among eukaryotic only. 2 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2 7. Living organisms cannot live alone, they are interacting with the abiotic factors for sustainability of life. Which among the organisms is considered as abiotic? A. bacteria B. plant C. light D. man 8. One of the characteristics possessed by living organisms is growth and development. This happens upon acquiring energy. When creating a food chain, in what order do we start illustrating the smallest organism having the most energy? A. in the middle B. any order will do C. leading to the left D. leading to the right 9. A nice smell of a plant is an adaptation that ______________ A. attracts the pollinators B. regulates the internal environment C. helps the plant to keep the nutrients inside D. pushes away the animals that try to eat them 10. It was observed that the deciduous trees lose their leaves in cold and winter in order to avoid freezing. This is an example of ______________. A. a response B. organization of life C. unity of living systems D. function and structure 11. It is a unifying theme of life science that explains the improvement of lives of all organisms through research. A. adaptation B. inheritance C. energy and life D. biology and society 12. All organisms alive today have descended from simple cellular creatures billions of years ago. Biologists were able to identify and preserved some of the characteristics of that earliest organisms. This is associated in what theme? A. Function and structure are interdependent. B. Cell theory as a description of living systems. C. Emergent properties arise from the organization of life. D. Unity of living systems is explained by evolutionary conservation. 13. The orchard sprayed with the chemical yields an average of 60 kilos of mango per tree, the other orchard yields an average of 40 kilos of mangoes per tree. Based on the data, in order to have a better yield, tree must ______________. I. receive the same amount of sunlight II. receive the same amount of water III. increase the orchard spray A. I only B. II only C. I, II and III D. I and II 3 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2 14. Many threatened or endangered species can be saved by a large ______________. A. coal mine B. food chain C. wildlife hunting D. reforestation project 15. Living organisms can be protected if we fight deforestation. Which among the statements doesn’t support this advocation? A. Plant more trees. B. Reduce the use of products made from wood fiber. C. Demand forest products from sustainable sources and deforestation fee supply chains. D. Support the products of companies who are practicing deforestation. 4 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2  Lesson Unifying Themes in the 1 Study of Life Earth is the home of organisms including animals, plants and microorganisms. They are found in the different parts of the planet. The ecosystems-the biological communities- include living organisms (biotic factors) like animals, plants, insects and bacteria (interacting to its environment), as well as the non-living components (abiotic factors) like the rock, soil, water and sunlight. Non-living things are classified as inanimate objects that may influence, alter or impact the life of biotic factors. These abiotic factors are essential to biotic factors in various ways. The field of science that deals with the study of life is the Life Science or Biology. It involves different disciplines. These disciplines are connected to one another, through which biologist termed as unifying themes. This module emphasizes these unifying themes that serve as the bases of the study of Life Science. The ten unifying themes include: emergent properties, the cell, the heritable information, structure or function, interaction with the environment, regulation, unity and diversity, evolution, scientific inquiry, and the science, technology and society. More so, this module explores how organisms interact with one another and its environment. What’s In Biology is the discipline of science that deals with the study of life. This comprises number of disciplines such as biochemistry and ecology. As a wide-ranging and complex science, biologists designed the term “unifying themes”, which serve as the bases for the study of life. Activity 1: DAD (Decode, Arrange and Describe Directions. Decode the given numbers to the corresponding twenty-eight letters of the alphabet, then arrange the letters to reveal the magic word related to Biology. Lastly, describe the term revealed. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. 12 5 3 12 5 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2  2. 27 17 17 3 5 12 7 3. 5 24 17 23 12 22 17 9 14. 1 1 1 18 22 22 9 14 17 4 4. 7 8 20 22 17 25 5. What’s New Directions. Cutting Trees that can lead to deforestation and may encourage landslide Directions: Name the unifying theme illustrated below. Choose your answer from words inside the box. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. biological system reproduction and cell inheritance regulation interaction with the environment adaptation energy and life evolution form and function biology and society 6 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2  1. 4. 2. 5. 3. Activity 3: Match It Directions: Match the given statements to its corresponding unifying themes. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Living things work as a system, at the same A. biological system time they cannot be separated from non-living things since they are both operating as a system. 2. Cells are the basic unit of life, which denotes that B. energy and life all living things are composed of cells. 3. Autotrophs use light to perform the process of C. biology and society photosynthesis, on the other hand, heterotrophs consume other organisms to obtain food. 4. Living things cannot live alone, their survival D. interaction with the depends on how they interact with the environment environment. 5. Organisms’ structures fit with their functions. E. the cellular basis of life 6. Traits of parents are being passed from one F. form and function generation to the next generation. 7. Cells of the body are surrounded by a G. reproduction and small amount of fluid, and normal cell functions inheritance depend on the maintenance of cell’s fluid environment including temperature, volume, and H. adaptation chemical content. 8. Living organisms survive depending on I. regulation / how one will adapt to its changing environment. homeostasis 9. The diversity of life arises by change J. evolution leading to the present biodiversity that we see. 10. The field of science is changing the lives of K. scientific inquiry all organisms through research. 7 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2  What Is It The unifying theme connects the different subdisciplines that make biology as a science. In addition to, the living organisms differ from non-living organisms in various aspects. What are these shared properties (of living organisms) that make something “alive”? All levels of life have systems of related parts. - A system is an organized group of interacting parts. - A cell is a system of chemicals and processes. It is the basic unit of life. - A body system includes organs that interact. - An ecosystem includes living and non-living things that interact. Structure and function are related in biology. - Structure determines function. - The structure is the shape of the object. - The function is the object’s specific role. Organisms must maintain homeostasis to survive in diverse environments. - Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions. - All living organisms must live in a stable environment. Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life. - Evolution is the change in living things over time. The genetic makeup of a population of a species changes. - It accounts for both the diversity and the unity of life. Traits are being inherited and transferred. - The continuity of life depends on the inheritance of biological information in the form of DNA molecules. - The genetic information is encoded in the nucleotide sequences of the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). Organisms reproduce. - It is necessary part of living; process of making more of one’s own kind. Organisms are interdependent with one another. - Organisms have evolved to live and interact with other organisms. - Ecology deals with the interactions of living organisms with one another and their environment. Organisms acquire and process energy. - Living organisms use a source of energy for their metabolic activities. - Some living organisms capture the light energy and convert it into chemical energy in food. - Some living organisms use chemical energy stored in molecules obtained from food. In addition to the properties mentioned, the two additional unifying themes in the study of life include the scientific inquiry and science, technology and society. 8 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2  Scientific Inquiry - The process of science includes observation-based discovery and the testing of explanations through the hypothetic-deductive. - Scientific credibility depends on the repeatability of observation and experiments. Science, Technology and Society - Many technologies are goal-oriented applications of science. - The relationships of science and technology to society are now more crucial to understand than ever before. Activity 4: What a Beautiful Life! Directions: Read and analyze the following questions. Write your answer on separate sheet of paper. You’ll be graded based on the given rubric at the latter part of the module. Characteristics of Life Questions What is the level of organization Displays organization of living organisms? Ability to reproduce Why do organisms reproduce? Ability to adapt on changing Why do organisms adapt? environment In what way do living organisms Requires energy acquire energy? Why is energy significant? In what way do homeostasis Maintains homeostasis maintains? What’s More Activity 5: Connect Me Directions: Read and analyze what is asked. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Show the connections of the given biotic and abiotic factors written inside the box through a concept map. Soil sunlight water Carbon dioxide Oxygen Corn plant Man Chicken 9 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2 Activity 6: What’s the connection? Directions: Read and analyze the given question. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. You’ll be graded using the rubrics written on the latter part of the module. Biology, also referred as Biological Science or Life Science deals with the study of living organisms. It is divided into subdisciplines. As a broad discipline, biologists use the term unifying themes where the study is being anchored. The major unifying themes that were mentioned include the cell theory as a description of living systems, continuity of life as explained by the molecular basis of inheritance, the interdependence of structure and function, the diversity of life brought by evolution, unity of living systems as explained by evolutionary conservations, and emergent properties that arise from the organization of life. Describe each unifying theme illustrated below. Give details on how these themes serve as the foundation in the study of biology. 1. Growth and development Continuity of life 2 Organization of life Acquire and energy process 10 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2 Directions: Using the illustration below, explain briefly the interconnections of living things and their environment. State how human being may value life. Write your answer on the answer sheet. Activity 7: Picture It Out Directions: Read and analyze what is asked. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. The rubric at the latter part of the module will serve as a basis in grading your answer. Create a visual representation of each theme. Write a sentence that will explain how your picture is connected to the theme. Unifying Themes Illustration/Explanation 1. Biological System 2. Cellular Basis of Life 3. Interaction with its environment 4. Energy and Life 5. Form and Function 6. Reproduction and Inheritance 7. Regulation 8. Adaptation 9. Evolution 10. Biology and Society 11 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2 Activity 8: Complete Me Directions: Read and analyze the following questions. Write your answer on the answer sheet. You’ll be graded based on the given rubrics on the latter part of the module. The two additional unifying themes of Biology are: “science benefits from a cooperative approach and diverse viewpoints” and “scientists make observations and then form and test hypotheses”. Using the template below, share your ideas about the mentioned themes as you relate it to science, technology and society. Subject Theme: _________ My chosen word is ______. First, I know that ____. In addition, I know that ____. Finally, I know that ___. Now, you know something that I know ____. What I Have Learned Understanding how life came about is a deep scientific undertaking. Organisms’ function, structures, growth and origin are indeed one of many diverse topics that should be explored to grasp the complexities of life. Generally, the following statements provide key concepts on the unifying themes in the study of life. 1. Biology is about the study of life. 2. The unifying themes connect the different subdisciplines that make up biology as a science. 3. The unifying themes of biology comprise the cell theory as a description of living systems, continuity of life, interdependence of function and structure, evolution, unity of living systems and the properties that arise from the organization of life. 4. The living organisms are composed of cells as what was discussed in the cell theory. The cell theory is the foundation of our understanding of reproduction and growth of organisms. 5. The continuity of life is best explained by the molecular basis of inheritance. Heredity, which is the continuity of life from one generation to the next, is dependent on correct copying of cell’s DNA into daughter cells. 12 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2  6. The function and structure are interdependent. 7. The evolutionary change give rise to the diversity of life. 8. Living organisms (biotic factors) are dependent on its environment which consists of non-living organisms (abiotic factors). Living organisms also interact with other living organisms. 9. Biotic factors (living things) are defined by set of characteristics including the ability to reproduce, grow, move and ability to adapt to its environment. They need food, water and other abiotic factors for their growth and development. 10. Abiotic factors are inanimate objects which include rocks, water, weather and other living things present in the environment. 11. Biological systems are organized. 12. The study of Biology is important. It enables us to make appropriate decisions in life. Failure to grasp biological concepts lead into an inappropriate decision. 13. One must value life by taking good care of all beings, humans, plants and animals. What I Can Do Directions: Read and analyze the given question. Write your answer on your answer sheet. The rubrics at the latter part of the module will serve as the basis in grading your answer. “Covid-19 is one of the current problems that the world is experiencing. It is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome which affects different people in different ways. How do you think Biology can be used to solve this problem? (Include also on your discussion on how life may be valued.) Make a creative presentation for your discussion. 13 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2  Assessment Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Genes are passed from one generation to the next generation through ______________. A. evolution B. regulation C. form and function D. reproduction and inheritance 2. Which among the given examples describes the unifying form and structure? A. cellular basis of life B. light as source of energy C. bats have wings specialized for flying D. living things arise from pre-existing cells 3. Makahiya plant closes its leaflets when touched. This is an example of ______________ A. energy and life B. response to stimuli C. form and structure D. reproduction and inheritance 4. Describe the illustration. A. They are evolving B. The organisms are growing and developing. C. It shows how organisms respond to its environment. D. There is a transfer of energy among living organisms. 5. Which statement does not describe the image on the right side? A. Plants acquire energy for them to perform their task, the food making. B. There is a transfer of energy from the sun to the plants. C. Plants need abiotic factors in order to grow. D. They are evolving. 14 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2 6. Which is TRUE among the given statements that tell something about the illustration? A. Cell is present in fossils. B. Early organisms lack cell. C. Cell is the basic unit of life. D. Cell is present among eukaryotic only. 7. Living organisms cannot live alone, they are interacting with the abiotic factors for sustainability of life. Which among the organisms is considered as abiotic? A. bacteria B. plant C. light D. man 8. Chameleons shift colors wherever they go. They are able to turn any colors or combine colors depending on where the environment is. What trait is being described? A. adaptation B. interaction C. inheritance D. reproduction 9. The diversity of life arises by change leading to the present biodiversity that we see. This is what we called ______________. A. evolution B. adaptation C. inheritance D. reproduction 10. The field of science is changing the lives of all organisms through technology and research. This is explained by ______________. A. biology and society B. adaptation C. energy and life D. inheritance 11. All organisms alive today have descended from simple cellular creatures billions of years ago. Biologists were able to identify and preserved some of the characteristics of that earliest organisms. This is associated in what theme? A. Function and structure are interdependent. B. Cell theory as a description of living systems. C. Emergent properties arise from the organization of life. D. Unity of living systems is explained by evolutionary conservation. 15 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2  12. Research plays significant role for the improvement of lives in a given society. With these, more scientists agree that all scientific knowledge comes from ______________. A. observation B. experimentation C. both experimentation and observation D. textbooks 13. The orchard sprayed with the chemical yields an average of 60 kilos of mango per tree, the other orchard yields an average of 40 kilos of mangoes per tree. Based on the data, in order to have a better yield, trees must ______________. I. receive the same amount of sunlight II. receive the same amount of water III. increase the orchard spray A. I only B. II only C. I, II and III D. I and II 14. Many threatened or endangered species can be saved by a large ________. A. coal mine B. food chain C. wildlife hunting D. reforestation project 15. Living organisms can be protected if we fight against deforestation. Which among the statements doesn’t support this advocation? A. Plant more trees. B. Reduce the use of products made from wood fiber. C. Demand forest products from sustainable sources and deforestation fee supply chains. D. Support the products of companies practicing deforestation. Additional Activities Directions: Read and analyze the following. Write your answer on the separate sheet of paper. You’ll be graded based on the rubrics given on this module. 1. Explain the quotation “Your body isn’t just a body, it’s an ecosystem” by Steve Mills. You may present your work through an essay or illustration. 2. Explain how Biology can be studied from a microscopic approach to global approach. (Indicate the unifying themes where the study of Biology is being anchored). 16 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2 RUBRICS FOR GRADING SHORT ANSWERS CREATIVE OUTPUT 17 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2  Module 2 CO_Q2_ELS SHS 18 *Acquire and process of What is It What’s I Know energy- Living organisms use a source of energy for Activity 4: What a Beautiful 1. D their metabolic activities. Life? 2. A 3. D This factor enable the 1. A 4. D biologists to study how 2. E 5. D energy flow through 3. B 6. C living systems. 4. D 7. C 5. F 8. C Activity 7: Picture It Out 6. G 9. A 7. I Students’ answer may 10. A 8. H vary 11. D 9. J 12. D Activity 8: Complete Me 10. C 13. D What’s More 14. D Students’ answer may vary 15. D Activity 5: Connect Me What’s In What I Can Do Activity 1: DAD Students’ answer may vary 1. cell 2. ecology 3. evolution Activity 6: What’s the 4. adaptation Assessment connection 5. growth 1. D 1. *Growth and development- 2. C Describe as the change in 3. B What’s New size and mass, and 4. D corresponds to maturation of Activity 2: Name It 5. D an organism. 6. C 1. cell 7. C Knowing the growth and 2. evolution 8. A development, biologists are 3. interaction with the 9. A able to know the origin of environment 10. A organisms and how they are 4. form and function 11. D related to one another. 5. energy and life 12. C Activity 3: Match It * Continuity of Life- This is 13. D possible through 14. D 1. A reproduction, growth and 15. D development. 2. E 3. B Enable biologists to know 4. D how offspring are produced 5. F and how genetic information 6. G are transferred. 7. I 8. H 2. *Organization of Life- 9. J Living organisms have levels 10 C Answer Key References Books Moncada, Maria Noemi M, Rolly B. Bayo-ang, Maria Lourdes G. Coronacion, Annamae T. Jorda and Anna Jamille Restubog. Earth and Life Science. Quezon City: Educational Resources Corporation, 2016. Ramos, J.D.A. and A.C.M. Ramos. Exploring Life Through Science BIOLOGY. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2006. Rea, M.A.D and N.H.A Dagamac. General Biology 2 Manila: Rex Book Store Inc., 2017. Seeley, Rod A, Trent D. Stephens and Philip Tate. Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology. Singapore: Mc Graw Hill, 2007. Sia, S.R.D. and L.A.S. Cortez. Earth and Life Science. Quezon City. Sibs Publishing House, Inc., 2016. “Biological system”. Biology Online. Accessed May 28, 2020, https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biological_system 19 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 2 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]