Bridge Construction Methods and Equipment PDF

08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND EQUIPMENT +63 9123 456 789 www.migerutsuki.com Welcome! We will be discussing th...

08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND EQUIPMENT +63 9123 456 789 www.migerutsuki.com Welcome! We will be discussing the different construction techniques and equipment used in the construction of bridges. We are expected to be acquainted and differentiate the different methods and tools used for bridge construction. 1 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES Bridge construction can be a simple or complex engineering process. It is divided into three stages: foundation, substructure, and superstructure, which are interdependent. The foundation work involves comprehensive geotechnical studies of the bridge site. It is necessary to choose the type of bridge foundation, such as an open, pile, or well foundation, based on the soil stratum and the intended capacity/features of the bridge. 2 1  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES The type of substructure and superstructure are selected with due diligence to ensure safety and durability with proper load-bearing design and aesthetics. As there could be challenges like difficult types of obstacles (rivers, canyons, ravines, or mountains), insufficient access to the site for the equipment, non-availability of ideal materials, traffic congestion issues, etc., different bridge construction methods should be evaluated to obtain the best possible result in a given condition. 3 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact PRINCIPAL FACTORS ON BRIDGE DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION 1.The length of the bridge 2.The obstacle to be crossed 3.The uniformity of the span lengths 4.The horizontal and vertical dimensions of the bridge decks 5.The characteristics of the soil strata 6.The usual climatic conditions 7.The cost and availability of materials 8.The local labor market 9.The accessibility of the site 10.The working hours for construction 4 2  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact PRECAST Precast bridge construction refers to a concrete bridge in which precast and prestressed concrete beams, supplied from remote factories, are laid METHOD on the piers and abutments, using the rubber bearing in between. Large cranes and other equipment are utilized to rest the concrete girders on the substructure as per design. Precast elements offer primarily two benefits: they are manufactured in the controlled environment of a plant AND since they are manufactured offsite, the overall construction time is greatly reduced. Precast elements include: Precast Beams Precast Decks Precast Segmental Decks 5 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact CAST-IN-SITU The substructure must be completed before the construction of the METHOD superstructure. The in-situ reinforced concrete deck slab is then cast on a permanent shuttering span between the beams. Cast-in-situ segmental construction is implemented when precast segments are too heavy to ship or site access is too limited. This situation may arise if the span gets longer to cover the wider distance. With the flexibility of this bridge construction approach, bridges with intricate and distinctive geometric patterns can be built with ease. This strategy works well in situations when it is difficult to transfer prefabricated pieces because of their size or accessibility. 6 3  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact BALANCED CANTILEVER METHOD The balanced cantilever bridge construction technique can adopt precast or cast-in-situ methods. Bridge decks of lengths between 50m and 300m can be built using the balanced cantilever method. Building the piers and abutments is completed before starting the deck. The bridge is then built simultaneously in both directions from each pier. This keeps each pier stable and, hence, “balanced” until the various structural components eventually come together and are joined. Prestressed tendons or bars inserted through each unit progressively bind the segments back to the piers. 7 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact SPAN-BY-SPAN CASTING METHOD Although this technique has seen numerous developments, it is still linked to the cantilever construction method and is thought to be one of the most cost-effective and fastest of bridge construction. The technique works for long bridges and viaducts with a maximum individual span of 60 meters. Starting at one abutment, decks are built constantly by assembling components for the bridge’s other end. Segments can be positioned using an assembly truss, which is the method that is used more frequently, or a temporary mast system. 8 4  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact ILM is mostly used for steel INCREMENTAL girders or continuous concrete LAUNCHING bridges. The ILM involves constructing a part of the bridge METHOD (ILM) superstructure on an abutment and then pushing the structure outward towards the first pier and then to the next pier. This way, the bridge deck is extended incrementally to span the obstacle. It allows the construction of bridge decks longer than 250 m. With the ILM approach, bridge construction over deep valleys, steeply sloping water crossings, or ecologically sensitive areas becomes less difficult. Compared to traditional construction, the ILM for bridge construction may have benefits such as less environmental disturbance, a more concentrated work area for superstructure assembly, and higher worker safety due to the improved construction technique. 9 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact Steel is widely used around the world for the STEEL construction of bridges from the very large to (WELD & BOLT) the very small. It is a versatile and effective material that provides efficient and METHOD sustainable solutions. Steel has long been recognized as the economic option for a range of bridges. It dominates the markets for long span bridges, railway bridges, footbridges, and medium span highway bridges. Steel bridges embody good design, and they are fast to build. The construction of steel bridges is usually prefabricated and installed on-site. The parts are then assembled with the stringer, diaphragm, bracing, and other connections through welding or bolting. Steel welding and/or bolting can be used in beam bridge, box girder bridge, truss bridges, arch bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and even suspension bridges. 10 5  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact One important portion for the cable installation method is the construction of CABLE the bridge tower. The bridge design allows the usage of a single shaft tower INSTALLATION or two vertical shaft towers. For the case of two vertical shaft towers, it is usually connected by a strut to increase its stability but is not necessary. The METHOD erection of these towers employs a separate construction method than that of the cable installation. Cable-stayed bridges can be either concrete or steel though a combination of both materials is often chosen. In cable stayed bridge, the cables carry the bridge deck from one or both sides of the tower. The stay cables carry the deck and transfer all loads to the other parts of the bridge. This is done by transmitting the forces at its anchorage points. Stay cables are firmly attached to the anchorages which resist the buckling forces of the loads. 11 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact EQUIPMENT USED IN Bridge construction is a complex BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION process that requires a variety of specialized equipment and tools. The following the key equipment and tools used in the construction of bridges: 12 6  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact MOBILE CRANES These are versatile cranes mounted on wheeled vehicles, used for lifting and placing heavy components like girders, beams, and precast segments. 13 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact TOWER CRANES Fixed cranes with a vertical mast, often used in constructing tall bridges or in areas with limited space. 14 7  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact FLOATING CRANES Cranes mounted on barges, essential for constructing bridges over water where land-based cranes cannot reach. 15 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact HYDRAULIC PILE DRIVERS Machines that drive piles into the ground to form the foundation of the bridge, crucial for stability and load-bearing capacity. 16 8  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact VIBRATORY HAMMERS Used to drive or extract piles using vibrations, especially useful in softer soils or when minimal noise is required. 17 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact ROTARY DRILLS Drilling equipment used for bored piles, creating deep foundations by drilling holes and filling them with concrete. 18 9  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact CONCRETE MIXERS Both stationary and mobile mixers are used to prepare the concrete mixture, ensuring consistent quality. 19 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact CONCRETE PUMPS Equipment for transferring liquid concrete to the site, particularly useful in hard-to-reach or high locations. 20 10  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact EXCAVATORS Machines used for digging trenches and foundations, removing soil, and handling other materials. 21 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact BULLDOZERS Heavy machines used for clearing the site, leveling the ground, and pushing large quantities of earth. 22 11  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact TRADITIONAL TIMBER FORMWORK Wooden molds used to shape the concrete until it sets. Common in smaller or less complex projects. 23 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact METAL FORMWORK Reusable metal forms that provide a more precise and durable mold for concrete structures. 24 12  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact SLIP FORMWORK A continuous forming process where the formwork is gradually moved as concrete is poured, used for constructing tall structures like bridge piers. 25 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact SCAFFOLDING Temporary structures that provide support and access for workers during construction, especially in high or difficult-to- reach areas. 26 13  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact FALSEWORK Temporary support structures used to hold up parts of the bridge (like arches or beams) until the permanent structure is self-supporting. 27 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact TOTAL STATIONS Instruments that integrate a theodolite with electronic distance measurement to provide precise measurements and ensure the correct placement of bridge components. 28 14  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact GPS EQUIPMENT Used for high-precision surveying and alignment, ensuring that the bridge is built according to design specifications. 29 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact WELDING MACHINES Used for joining steel components, such as girders, beams, and reinforcement bars, essential for steel bridges. 30 15  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact PLASMA CUTTERS Equipment used for cutting through metal with high precision, often employed in the fabrication of steel components. 31 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact LAUNCHING GANTRIES Large, movable structures used to assemble and place bridge segments in position, especially in segmental and balanced cantilever bridges. 32 16  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact BEAM LAUNCHERS Specialized equipment used to place pre-cast beams or girders onto bridge piers. 33 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact CABLE JACKS Tools used to tension cables in cable-stayed or suspension bridges. 34 17  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact CABLE CRANES Cranes specifically designed to handle and install the large cables used in suspension and cable-stayed bridges. 35 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact ROLLERS Used for compacting soil and asphalt in the construction of bridge approaches and roadways. 36 18  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact PLATE COMPACTORS Smaller machines used to compact soil and aggregate in confined spaces. 37 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact ROCK DRILLS Used for creating holes in rock for anchoring or blasting purposes. 38 19  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact BLASTING MACHINE Equipment for controlled demolition of rock or other obstacles during site preparation. 39 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact DUMP TRUCKS For transporting loose materials such as sand, gravel, and excavated earth/soil. 40 20  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact FLATBED TRUCKS For transporting large or prefabricated components, such as steel beams, concrete pre-cast beams, pre-cast decks, etc. 41 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact FORM TRAVELERS Used in cast-in-place segmental bridge construction to support the concrete formwork as it moves along the span. 42 21  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact SAFETY NETS Used to prevent falls from heights (materials, debris, or people) 43 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact SAFETY BARRIER SYSTEMS To protect the site and surrounding areas from unauthorized access or accidents. 44 22  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact CABLE SPINNING/COMPACTING MACHINES Used to spin or compact the main cables for suspension bridges, creating long, high-strength cables by twisting together individual wires. 45 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact AERIAL CABLE CARRIERS Used to transport workers and materials along the cables during the construction of towers and the deck. 46 23  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact CABLE CLAMPS AND SADDLES These special components are used to hold the suspension cables in place and anchor them securely to the bridge towers and abutments. 47 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact COUNTERWEIGHT SYSTEMS (Movable Birdge) Special equipment is used to balance the movable sections of the bridge, allowing them to open and close smoothly. 48 24  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact HYDRAULIC SYSTEM (Movable Bridge) These systems are often required to operate the moving parts of the bridge, such as lifting decks or rotating spans. 49 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact ROTATING BEARINGS AND TURNTABLES Used in swing bridges to allow bridge deck to rotate horizontally, providing clearance for boat traffic. 50 25  08/09/2024 MIGERU TSUKI CONSTRUCTION Home Service About Us Contact THANK YOU 51 26  03/10/2024 BRIDGE ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION: CHALLENGES AND CONCERNS ENGR. MIGUEL G. CABANIT 1 BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION IS A COMPLEX AND LARGE- SCALE PROJECT WHICH FACES SEVERAL CHALLENGES VARYING FROM A COMBINATION OF TECHNICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, FINANCIAL, AND LOGISTICAL FACTORS. A SUCCESSFUL PROJECT REQUIRES NOT ONLY ENGINEERING EXPERTISE BUT ALSO CAREFUL PLANNING, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, AND ADAPTATION TO UNFORESEEN CONDITIONS. 2 1  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION GEOTECHNICAL AND FOUNDATION UNSTABLE SOIL CONDITIONS ONE OF THE PRIMARY CONCERNS IN BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION IS THE QUALITY AND STABILITY OF THE SOIL WHERE THE BRIDGE’S FOUNDATION WILL BE PLACED. IN CASES OF SOFT OR UNSTABLE SOILS, SUCH AS CLAY OR SILT, DEEP FOUNDATIONS (PILES OR CAISSONS) ARE OFTEN NECESSARY, WHICH INCREASE COSTS AND TIME FOR CONSTRUCTION. 3 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION GEOTECHNICAL AND FOUNDATION WATERLOGGED OR SATURATED GROUNDS CONSTRUCTING BRIDGE FOUNDATIONS IN AREAS WITH HIGH WATER TABLES OR FLOODPLAINS CAN BE TRICKY AND REQUIRES DEWATERING SYSTEMS AND ADVANCED FOUNDATION TECHNIQUES (E.G. COFFERDAMS AND SHEET PILES) TO ENSURE STABILITY. 4 2  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION GEOTECHNICAL AND FOUNDATION SEISMIC ACTIVITY IN AREAS PRONE TO EARTHQUAKES, BRIDGES NEED TO BE DESIGNED WITH SPECIAL FOUNDATIONS AND FLEXIBLE JOINTS TO ABSORB SEISMIC ENERGY. THIS OFTEN RESULTS IN HIGHER COSTS AND MORE COMPLEX DESIGNS. 5 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT WATERWAY CROSSING BRIDGES THAT CROSS RIVERS, LAKES, OR OCEANS FACE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES, INCLUDING PROTECTING AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS, MAINTAINING WATER QUALITY, AND MANAGING WATER FLOW DURING CONSTRUCTION. 6 3  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONSTRUCTION NEAR WATER BODIES OR IN HILLY TERRAIN CAN LEAD TO SOIL EROSION, SEDIMENTATION IN WATERWAYS, AND DEGRADATION OF NEARBY ENVIRONMENTS. MITIGATING THESE EFFECTS REQUIRES CAREFUL PLANNING, TEMPORARY DIVERSION STRUCTURES, AND EROSION CONTROL MEASURES. 7 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REGULATORY COMPLIANCE BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS MUST COMPLY WITH A RANGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AIMED AT PROTECTING WILDLIFE, MANAGING WASTE, AND MINIMIZING POLLUTION. MEETING THESE REQUIREMENTS CAN DELAY THE PROJECT TIMELINE OR INCREASE COSTS. 8 4  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION WEATHER AND CLIMATE CHANGES EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS ADVERSE WEATHER, SUCH AS HEAVY RAIN, HIGH WINDS, SNOW, OR EXTREME HEAT, CAN CAUSE DELAYS IN CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES, ESPECIALLY IN OPEN OR EXPOSED SITES. SUSPENSION AND CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES, IN PARTICULAR, ARE SENSITIVE TO WIND FORCES. 9 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION WEATHER AND CLIMATE CHANGES SEASONAL VARIATIONS CONSTRUCTION IN REGIONS WITH EXTREME SEASONAL VARIATIONS (E.G., MONSOONS OR HARSH WINTERS) REQUIRES CAREFUL PLANNING TO AVOID DOWNTIME. FOR EXAMPLE, WORKING OVER FROZEN RIVERS OR DEALING WITH EXTREME HEAT CAN AFFECT CONCRETE CURING AND OTHER PROCESSES. 10 5  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION WEATHER AND CLIMATE CHANGES FLOOD RISK BRIDGES CONSTRUCTED OVER RIVERS OR IN FLOOD- PRONE AREAS FACE THE RISK OF FLOODING DURING CONSTRUCTION, WHICH CAN DAMAGE FOUNDATIONS OR TEMPORARILY HALT THE WORK. 11 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION DESIGN COMPLEXITY UNIQUE SITE CONDITIONS NO TWO BRIDGE SITES ARE THE SAME. FACTORS LIKE TERRAIN, WATER DEPTH, TRAFFIC LOAD REQUIREMENTS, AND NEARBY INFRASTRUCTURE OFTEN REQUIRE CUSTOMIZED DESIGNS THAT COMPLICATE CONSTRUCTION. 12 6  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION DESIGN COMPLEXITY LONG SPANS LONG-SPAN BRIDGES, SUCH AS SUSPENSION OR CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES, ARE MORE DIFFICULT TO DESIGN AND CONSTRUCT DUE TO THE CHALLENGES OF MANAGING TENSION FORCES AND ENSURING STABILITY. 13 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION DESIGN COMPLEXITY BRIDGE ALIGNMENT AND GEOMETRY MAINTAINING PRECISE ALIGNMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION IS CRITICAL, ESPECIALLY FOR CURVED BRIDGES OR THOSE WITH NON-LINEAR GEOMETRIES. ERRORS IN ALIGNMENT CAN LEAD TO STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS AND ADDITIONAL COSTS FOR CORRECTIONS. 14 7  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT MATERIAL SHORTAGES BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION REQUIRES LARGE AMOUNTS OF HIGH-QUALITY MATERIALS (E.G., STEEL, CONCRETE), AND ANY DISRUPTION IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN CAN DELAY THE PROJECT. RISING MATERIAL COSTS CAN ALSO STRAIN THE PROJECT BUDGET. 15 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT TRANSPORTING HEAVY MATERIALS DELIVERING HEAVY MATERIALS LIKE PRE-CAST CONCRETE SEGMENTS OR STEEL GIRDERS TO REMOTE OR HARD-TO-REACH SITES CAN BE CHALLENGING, REQUIRING SPECIALIZED TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS PLANNING. 16 8  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT AVAILABILITY LARGE EQUIPMENT LIKE CRANES, PILING RIGS, AND LAUNCHING GANTRIES MUST BE AVAILABLE AND IN GOOD WORKING CONDITION. EQUIPMENT FAILURE OR UNAVAILABILITY CAN LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT DELAYS. 17 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION LOGISTICAL AND ACCESSIBILITY REMOTE LOCATIONS MANY BRIDGES ARE BUILT IN REMOTE OR DIFFICULT- TO-ACCESS LOCATIONS, SUCH AS MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS OR ACROSS LARGE BODIES OF WATER. TRANSPORTING MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT, AND WORKERS TO THESE LOCATIONS CAN BE LOGISTICALLY COMPLEX. 18 9  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION LOGISTICAL AND ACCESSIBILITY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT CONSTRUCTING BRIDGES IN URBAN AREAS OR OVER BUSY HIGHWAYS OR RAILWAYS PRESENTS THE CHALLENGE OF MANAGING TRAFFIC FLOW. DETOURS, LANE CLOSURES, AND CONSTRUCTION NOISE MAY INCONVENIENCE THE PUBLIC AND LEAD TO DELAYS IF NOT MANAGED PROPERLY. 19 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION LOGISTICAL AND ACCESSIBILITY STAGING AND STORAGE CONSTRUCTING BRIDGES IN URBAN AREAS OR OVER BUSY HIGHWAYS OR RAILWAYS PRESENTS THE CHALLENGE OF MANAGING TRAFFIC FLOW. DETOURS, LANE CLOSURES, AND CONSTRUCTION NOISE MAY INCONVENIENCE THE PUBLIC AND LEAD TO DELAYS IF NOT MANAGED PROPERLY. 20 10  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION SAFETY CONCERNS WORKSITE HAZARDS BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION INVOLVES WORKING AT SIGNIFICANT HEIGHTS, OVER WATER, OR NEAR FAST- MOVING TRAFFIC, ALL OF WHICH POSE RISKS TO WORKERS. FALLS, EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS, AND COLLAPSES ARE POTENTIAL HAZARDS. 21 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION SAFETY CONCERNS UNDERWATER CONSTRUCTION FOR BRIDGES BUILT OVER WATER, DIVERS AND UNDERWATER CONSTRUCTION CREWS FACE THE CHALLENGES OF LIMITED VISIBILITY, CURRENTS, AND UNDERWATER HAZARDS. 22 11  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION SAFETY CONCERNS FATIGUE AND WORKER HEALTH LONG CONSTRUCTION TIMELINES AND PHYSICALLY DEMANDING WORK CAN LEAD TO WORKER FATIGUE, WHICH INCREASES THE RISK OF ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES. 23 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION FINANCIAL AND BUDGET CONCERN COST OVERRUNS BRIDGE PROJECTS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO COST OVERRUNS DUE TO UNFORESEEN CHALLENGES LIKE DELAYS, DESIGN MODIFICATIONS, OR MATERIAL PRICE FLUCTUATIONS. ACCURATELY ESTIMATING COSTS IS CHALLENGING, ESPECIALLY FOR LONG- TERM PROJECTS. 24 12  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION FINANCIAL AND BUDGET CONCERN FUNDING AND FINANCING SECURING ADEQUATE FUNDING CAN BE A SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGE, ESPECIALLY FOR LARGE PROJECTS REQUIRING PUBLIC OR PRIVATE INVESTMENT. DELAYS IN FUNDING APPROVALS CAN RESULT IN DELAYED CONSTRUCTION STARTS OR STALLED PROJECTS. 25 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION FINANCIAL AND BUDGET CONCERN MAINTENANCE AND LIFECYCLE COST EVEN AFTER CONSTRUCTION, BRIDGES REQUIRE REGULAR MAINTENANCE. THE LONG-TERM COSTS OF INSPECTIONS, REPAIRS, AND UPGRADES NEED TO BE FACTORED INTO THE PROJECT, WHICH CAN INCREASE THE OVERALL FINANCIAL BURDEN. 26 13  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENGINEERING ADAPTING TO NEW TECHNOLOGIES WHILE INNOVATIONS SUCH AS 3D MODELING, PREFABRICATION, AND AUTOMATION CAN IMPROVE EFFICIENCY, ADAPTING THESE TECHNOLOGIES IN TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION SETTINGS MAY FACE RESISTANCE OR REQUIRE ADDITIONAL TRAINING. 27 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENGINEERING INNOVATIVE DESIGN SOLUTIONS PROJECTS WITH COMPLEX DESIGN FEATURES, LIKE SMART BRIDGES WITH INTEGRATED SENSORS OR BRIDGES BUILT USING MODULAR CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES, MAY REQUIRE SPECIALIZED ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE AND EQUIPMENT. 28 14  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENGINEERING DEALING WITH EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE IN AREAS WHERE NEW BRIDGES ARE REPLACING OLD STRUCTURES OR CROSSING EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE (E.G., PIPELINES, ROADS), CONSTRUCTION NEEDS TO BE PLANNED CAREFULLY TO MINIMIZE DISRUPTION. 29 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION POLITICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS PUBLIC OPINION AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT BRIDGE PROJECTS, ESPECIALLY THOSE IN HIGHLY POPULATED AREAS, REQUIRE THE SUPPORT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES. OPPOSITION FROM ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS OR RESIDENTS CAN CAUSE DELAYS OR CHANGES IN PROJECT PLANS. 30 15  03/10/2024 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION POLITICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS REGULATORY HURDLES NAVIGATING GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS, OBTAINING PERMITS, AND DEALING WITH BUREAUCRATIC PROCESSES CAN SLOW DOWN PROJECT TIMELINES. 31 CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION POLITICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS COORDINATION BETWEEN MULTIPLE AGENCIES LARGE BRIDGE PROJECTS OFTEN REQUIRE COORDINATION BETWEEN LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL AGENCIES, WHICH CAN LEAD TO COMMUNICATION BREAKDOWNS AND INEFFICIENCIES. 32 16  03/10/2024 CONCLUSION OVERCOMING THE VARIOUS CHALLENGES IN BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION REQUIRES A COMBINATION OF TECHNICAL EXPERTISE, ADAPTABILITY, CAREFUL PLANNING, AND STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION. BY ANTICIPATING THESE CHALLENGES AND EMPLOYING INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS, ENGINEERS AND CONTRACTORS CAN DELIVER SUCCESSFUL PROJECTS THAT MEET SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND ECONOMIC STANDARDS. 33 THANK YOU! ENGR. MIGUEL G. CABANIT 34 17