Composite Construction Methods PDF

Composite Construction Methods Prepared by: Ar. Raysnil R. Lumpay AR 413 – Building Technology 5 College of Architecture and Fine Arts Education University of Mindanao  Copyright Notice: This material is subject to copyright under RA No. 8293 (Intellectual Property Co...

Composite Construction Methods Prepared by: Ar. Raysnil R. Lumpay AR 413 – Building Technology 5 College of Architecture and Fine Arts Education University of Mindanao  Copyright Notice: This material is subject to copyright under RA No. 8293 (Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines). All rights are reserved to the original copyright owners. Prohibited Actions: Further reproduction or communication of this material without proper authorization is a violation of existing copyright laws and regulations. Please Note: This message is intended to inform you about the copyright status of the material and to discourage unauthorized use. If you wish to reproduce or use any portion of this material, please obtain the necessary permissions from the copyright owners. 2 What is composite construction? Composite construction occurs when two (2) different materials are bonded so securely that they function as a single structural unit. This interaction is known as composite action. Benefits of composite construction? 1. Speed of Construction 2. Performance 3. Value In other words; Concrete is strong in compression, while steel excels in tension. By combining these materials, their strengths can be utilized for a highly efficient and lightweight design. The reduced self-weight of composite elements also reduces the forces in supporting elements, including the foundations. Scope of Composite Construction Methods: 1. Composite Materials 2. Composite Beams 3. Composite Slabs 4. Composite Columns 5. Composite Connections Composite Materials Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Composite Wood (Plywood) Reinforced Plastics (Fibre-Reinforced Polymer or Fiberglass) Ceramic Matrix Composites (Composite Ceramic and Metal Matrices) Metal Matrix Composites Advance Composite Materials Reinforced Concrete & Masonry Reinforced Concrete Reinforced concrete combines traditional cement concrete with steel reinforcement (bars) to take advantage of concrete's compressive strength and steel's tensile strength simultaneously. Reinforced Concrete Reinforcing schemes are designed to resist tensile stresses in specific areas of concrete that could lead to undesirable cracking or structural failure. Masonry Masonry refers to bricks or stones bonded together with cement to form walls or buildings. Common materials used in masonry construction include brick, marble, granite, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, and adobe. It is generally considered a highly durable form of construction. Composite Wood Composite wood refers to a range of wood products made by binding or fixing strands, particles, fibers, veneers, or boards of wood together using adhesives or other methods to form a composite material. Reinforced Plastics Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP), also known as fiber-reinforced polymer, is a composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers. The fibers are typically glass (in fiberglass), carbon (in carbon fiber- reinforced polymer), aramid, or basalt. In some cases, other fibers such as paper, wood, or asbestos have been used, though these are rare. Ceramic Matrix Composites Ceramic matrix composites consist of ceramic fibers embedded in a ceramic matrix. Both the matrix and fibers can be made from various ceramic materials, with carbon and carbon fibers also being considered as ceramic materials in this context. Metal Matrix Composites A metal matrix composite (MMC) is a composite material consisting of at least two components, one of which must be a metal. The other material can be a different metal, ceramic, or organic compound. When the composite contains at least three materials, it is referred to as a hybrid composite. An MMC is complementary to a cermet, which typically combines metal with ceramic. Composite Beams Composite Beams A composite beam is structurally similar to a T-beam, with the top flange made of concrete in compression and the steel section in tension. Shear connectors transfer forces between the two materials. The principle of composite action increases the strength and stiffness of the system, allowing for a smaller steel section to be used. Composite Beams T-Beams for BRIDGES T-Beams for DAMS Composite Beams A structural member made of two or more dissimilar materials joined together to act as a unit is known as a composite structure. An example in civil engineering is the steel-concrete composite beam, where a steel wide flange shape (I or W shape) is attached to a concrete floor slab. Steel-Wood Composite Beam Wood-Concrete Composite Beam Plastic-Concrete Composite Beam Composite Slab Composite Slab Composite slabs consist of reinforced concrete cast on top of profiled steel decking, which serves as formwork during construction and as external reinforcement once completed. The decking can be either re-entrant or trapezoidal. When the trapezoidal decking exceeds 200 mm in depth, it is referred to as deep decking. Additional reinforcing bars may be placed in the decking troughs, especially in deep decking, or in shallow decking when heavy loads and high fire resistance requirements are involved. RE-ENTRANT DECKING TRAPEZOIDAL DECKING Composite Slab Composite Column Composite Column Composite columns are made by combining structural steel and concrete to take advantage of the beneficial properties of both materials. The interactive and integral behavior of the concrete and steel elements makes composite columns stiff, ductile, cost-effective, and structurally efficient, making them ideal for use in building and bridge construction. Partially Encased Composite columns are made up of a steel profile, typically designed to avoid local buckling, with concrete infill cast between the flanges. Circular Concrete-Filled Tubes Concrete-filled tubes (CFTs) are composite members with a steel tube filled with concrete, enhancing both materials' strengths. The concrete is confined by the steel, creating triaxial compression that improves its strength and strain capacity. The steel tube delays buckling, and CFTs are easy to construct, offering strong resistance to compression, bending, and shear. They are ideal for bridge piers and building columns. Concrete-Filled Rectangular Tubes Concrete-Filled Tubes Composite H sections can be fully or partially encased (web infill only) or used as concrete-filled hollow sections. In the UK, composite columns requiring formwork are considered less cost-effective. Concrete-filled hollow section columns are more material-efficient than equivalent H sections and do not require formwork. The concrete infill boosts compression resistance, prevents local steel buckling, and improves fire resistance, potentially allowing the column to be unprotected or lightly protected. Concrete-Filled Tubes Both rectangular and circular hollow sections are viable, with rectangular sections offering the advantage of flat surfaces for beam-to-column connections using Flowdrill or Hollo-bolt. Composite Connections Shear Connectors Shear connectors are essential for composite construction, providing longitudinal shear resistance to ensure the beam and concrete slab act as a single unit. They facilitate interaction between the materials, resist lateral shear forces and displacement, and prevent the concrete slab from displacing upward from the beam. Shear Connectors Shear Connectors Shear Studs Shear studs are steel pins or grommets welded to the top flange of a steel support beam after the metal deck is placed. The welding process attaches the shear stud directly to the beam through the deck. The primary function of shear studs is to create a structural connection between the poured concrete slab and the steel beam, allowing shear forces to be distributed across the structure. Without shear studs, a slip plane would form between the concrete slab, metal deck, and steel framework, compromising the structure's integrity. Shear Bolt/Pin A pin can be a simple metal rod inserted into a drilled channel between two moving parts, holding them in place as long as it remains intact. It can also be used through a hub and axle, with the pin's diameter, alloy, and tempering chosen to ensure it shears only when a specific threshold of force or shock is reached. Oscillating Perfobondstrip The curved design of an oscillating perfobond strip improves force transfer between steel and concrete more effectively than a continuous strip. It has a higher load capacity than headed studs or welded T-sections and is ideal for lightweight or high-strength normal weight concrete. However, a key challenge with this connector is the difficulty in welding it to the steel beam. Continuous Perfobondstrip The continuous perfobond strip is similar to the oscillating version but offers lower resistance across all types and grades of concrete. Due to its lower performance, it is less commonly used, despite being easier to weld. Welded T-Section/T-Rib Connectors Welded T-Section connectors perform well compared to headed studs and provide the same load resistance as oscillating perfobond strips. Their load capacity increases when lightweight or high-strength concrete is used. Waveform Strips The objective of the curved form is to enhance force transfer between the steel and surrounding concrete compared to straight connectors.  Ar. Raysnil R. Lumpay, MAURP [email protected] [email protected] Thank you!