History Of Computer: Basic Computing Periods PDF

LIVING IN THE IT ERA HISTORY OF COMPUTER: BASIC Algie Mark Lander N. Supnet COMPUTING PERIODS  Computer is a programmable machine is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data is a machine that manipula...

LIVING IN THE IT ERA HISTORY OF COMPUTER: BASIC Algie Mark Lander N. Supnet COMPUTING PERIODS  Computer is a programmable machine is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions (program). is any device which aids humans in performing various kinds of computations or calculations. Three principal characteristics It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. It can execute a pre-recorded list of instructions. It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.  Business They can be employed to store and maintain accounts, personnel records, manage projects, track inventory, create presentations and reports They enable communication with people both within and outside the business, using various technologies, including e-mail  Education give learners interactive exercises, and remote learning, including tutoring over the internet access educational information from intranet and internet sources, or via e-books maintain and monitor student performance, including through the use of online examinations  Healthcare continues to be revolutionized by computers Computers control lab equipment, heart rate monitors, and blood pressure monitors doctors to have greater access to information on the latest drugs, as well as the ability to share information on diseases with other medical specialists.  Retail and Trade Computers can be used to buy and sell products online They can be used for direct trading and advertising using sites such as eBay, Craigslist, or local listings on social media or independent websites  Marketing enable marketing campaigns to be more precise through the analysis and manipulation of data. facilitate the creation of websites and promotional materials.  Marketing can be used to generate social media campaigns. enable direct communication with customers through email and online chat  Science Scientists were one of the first groups to adopt computers as a work tool can be used for research, sharing information with other specialists both locally and internationally also play a vital role in launching, controlling, and maintaining space craft, as well as operating other advanced technology  Publishing can be used to design pretty much any type of publication are used in the publishing of both hard-copy and e-books are also used to market publications and track sales.  Arts and Entertainment are now used in virtually every branch of the arts can be used to create drawings, graphic designs, and paintings can be used to edit, copy, send, and print photographs  Arts and Entertainment can be used by writers to create and edit. can be used to make, record, edit, play, and listen to music can be used to capture, edit and watch videos can be used for playing games  Communication have made real-time communication over the internet easy families can connect with audio and video, businesses can hold meetings between remote participants, and news organizations can interview people without the need for a film crew  Banking and Finance You can use computers to check your account balance, transfer money, or pay off credit cards You can also use computer technology to access information on stock markets, trade stocks, and manage investments  Transport Road vehicles, trains, planes, and boats are increasingly automated with computers being used to maintain safety and navigation systems, and increasingly to drive, fly, or steer. can be used to customize settings for individuals, for example, seat setup, air-conditioning temperatures.  Navigation Navigation has become increasingly computerized, especially since computer technology has been combined with GPS technology Computers combined with satellites mean that it's now easy to pinpoint your exact location  Working from Home Computers have made working from home and other forms of remote working increasingly common Workers can access necessary data, communicate, and share information without commuting to a traditional office.  Military They are use for training purposes They are used for analyzing intelligence data They are used to control smart technology, such as guided missiles and drones, as well as for tracking incoming missiles and destroying them.  Military They work with other technologies such as satellites to provide geospatial information and analysis. They help tanks and planes to target enemy forces  Social and Romance Computers have opened up many ways of socializing that didn't previously exist Social media enables people to chat in text or audio in real time across large distances, as well as exchange photographs, videos, and memes  Social and Romance Dating sites and apps help people to find romance Online groups help people to connect with others who have similar interests. Blogs enable people to post a variety of views, updates, and experiences.  Booking Vacations Computers can be used by travelers to study timetables, examine route options, and buy plane, train, or bus tickets They can be used to explore and book accommodation, whether traditional hotels, or through newer services, such as Air BnB  Security and Surveillance Computers are increasingly being combined with other technologies to monitor people and goods. Computers combined with biometric passports make it harder for people to fraudulently enter a country or gain access to a passenger airplane  Weather Forecasting The world's weather is complex and depends upon a multitude of factors that are constantly changing Computers can process the large amounts of meteorological information.  Robotics Robotics is an expanding area of technology which combines computers with science and engineering to produce machines that can either replace humans, or do specific jobs that humans are unable to do One of the first use of robotics was in manufacturing to build cars.  History Earliest Computers originally calculations were computed by humans, whose job title was computers. These human computers were typically engaged in the calculation of a mathematical expression  History The calculations of this period were specialized and expensive, requiring years of training in mathematics The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century. TALLY STICKS A tally stick was an ancient memory aid device to record and document numbers, quantities, or even messages. ABACUS LIVING IN THE IT ERA is a mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing mathematical calculations NAPIER'S BONES Invented by John Napier in 1614. Allowed the operator to multiply, divide and calculate square and cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them in specially constructed boards. SLIDE RULE Invented by William Oughtred in 1622. Is based on Napier's ideas about logarithms. Used primarily for – multiplication – division – roots – logarithms – Trigonometry Not normally used for addition or subtraction.  PASCALINE Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. It was its limitation to addition and subtraction. It is too expensive.  STEPPED RECKONER Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672. The machine that can add, subtract, multiply and divide automatically JACQUARD LOOM The Jacquard loom is a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1881. It is an automatic loom controlled by punched cards.  ARITHMOMETER A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de Colmar in 1820, The first reliable, useful and commercially successful calculating machine. The machine could perform the four basic mathematic functions. The first mass-produced calculating machine.  FIRST COMPUTER PROGRAMMER In 1840, Augusta Ada Byron suggests to Babbage that he use the binary system. She writes programs for the Analytical Engine  Premechanical is the earliest age of information technology. It can be defined as the time between 3000B.C. and 1450A.D Early alphabets were developed such as the Phoenician alphabet. As alphabets became more popular and more people were writing information down, pens and paper began to be developed. Phoenician Alphabet  Mechanical The mechanical age is when we first start to see connections between our current technology and its ancestors The mechanical age can be defined as the time between 1450 and 1840. A lot of new technologies are developed in this era as there is a large explosion in interest with this area.  Electromechanical The first large-scale automatic digital computer in the United States was the Mark 1 created by Harvard University around 1940 The telegraph was created in the early 1800s. Morse code was created by Samuel Morse in 1835. Electromechanical  Electronic The electronic age is what we currently live in. It can be defined as the time between 1940 and right now. This computer was designed to be used by the U.S. Army for artillery firing tables. It mainly used vacuum tubes to do its calculations.  The First Generation 1946 to 1958 first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time.  The Second Generation Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words. Relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output. 1959 to 1964  The Third Generation It could carry out instructions in billionths of a second. Much smaller and cheaper compare to the second-generation computers. 1965 to 1970  The Fourth Generation Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices. 1971 to Today  The Fifth Generation Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). Still in development The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality Today to Future Thank You. Do you have Question?