Philosophical Perspective PDF

02 - L2 - Philosophical Perspective Rene Descartes RENE DECARTES "Cogito, ergo sum." "I think, therefore I am." French Philosopher Founder of Modern philosophy Mathematician and Scientist Thinking Process To doubt all we were taught to accept without question. T...

02 - L2 - Philosophical Perspective Rene Descartes RENE DECARTES "Cogito, ergo sum." "I think, therefore I am." French Philosopher Founder of Modern philosophy Mathematician and Scientist Thinking Process To doubt all we were taught to accept without question. Thus you develop beliefs that are truly yours. Quote Quote “If you would be a real seeker after truth, it is necessary that “We are thinking things. We are a thing that doubts, at least once in your life you doubt, as far as possible, all understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses; that imagines things.” also, and perceives.” Understanding the situation you're in. Doubt the accuracy of ideas. Affirm the truth of a statement. Quote “Your self-identity is dependent on your awareness of your usage of all these mental processes. If you are living passively and are, for the most of your life, unaware of these; it would not be possible for you to have a self-identity, a unique essence, a ’you’.” David Hume DAVID HUME "There is no self." Upon introspection, one would discover there is no self. Experiences = Impressions + Ideas Can never observe anything BUT the perception. A bundle of different perceptions across life. Quote "All of our experiences are perceptions, none of these perceptions resemble a unified and permanent self-identity that exists over time.” 1/2  02 - L2 - Philosophical Perspective Immanuel Kant IMMANUEL KANT "We construct our self." German Philosopher Modern Scaffolding of Modern Consciousness Retaliation 1 ​Retaliation 2 ​*Retaliation 3 “If Hume’s view proved true, then “Hume overlooked that our primary “We live in a fairly stable and orderly humans would never be able to experience of the world is not in terms world in which sensations are woven achieve genuine knowledge in any of a disconnected stream of together into a fabric that is familiar area of experience: scientific, ethical, sensations. Instead, we perceive and to us. And integrated throughout this religious, or metaphysical.” experience an organized world of fabric is our conscious self who is the objects, relationships and ideas.” knowing subject at the center of our universe.” KNOWLEDGE MIND THE SELF Begins with experience. Synthesize and relates sensations. A subject, organizing principle, However, it does not follow that it Process of creating an intelligible dynamic entity. all arises from experience. world. Makes a unified and intelligible An organized world of objects, experience possible. relationships, and ideas. Synthesizes sensations and ideas into an integrated, meaningful whole. Quote “The self constructs its own reality, actively creating a world that is familiar, predictable, and, most significantly, mine.” 2/2