Introduction to the Computing Professions CC 100 PDF

 A. THE COMPUTING INDUSTRY B. CAREERS IN THE COMPUTING INDUSTRY - Computing professionals perform a variety of tasks: They write specifications for new computer systems, they design instruction pipelines for superscalar processors, they diagnose timing anomalies...

 A. THE COMPUTING INDUSTRY B. CAREERS IN THE COMPUTING INDUSTRY - Computing professionals perform a variety of tasks: They write specifications for new computer systems, they design instruction pipelines for superscalar processors, they diagnose timing anomalies in embedded systems, they test and validate software systems, they restructure the back-end databases of inventory systems, they analyze packet traffic in local area networks, and they recommend security policies for medical information systems.  - Computing professionals are obligated to perform these tasks because their decisions affect the performance and functionality of computer systems, which in turn affect the welfare of the systems' users directly and that of other people less directly. - **Computer Engineers** - they work with the hardware and software aspects of systems design and development. They often work as part of a team that designs new computing devices or computer-related equipment. Computer hardware engineers usually design, develop, test, and supervise the manufacture of computer hardware---such as chips or device controllers - **Network Specialist** -- they are responsible for the security and administration of the networks they design and implement systems that keep networks functioning smoothly.Their duties include planning and installation of the hardware and software that comprise the network, addition -- deletion of files to the network server, maintaining the peripherals connected to the network, troubleshooting problems. - **Software Computer Programmers** - they write, test, and 1. **Applications programmers** - they usually focus on business, engineering, or science. They write software to handle a specific job they may also revise existing packaged software 2. **Systems Programmers** -- the Computer Systems software such as Operating System, Compilers are maintained and controlled by them - **Content Development -** includes product descriptions, basic operations and field applications, installation and configuration, alignment procedures, maintenance and system performance information. Content developers write, edit, shape, and aggregate information. They are responsible for producing high quality, comprehensive product and system materials for documentation by interpreting technical data into written content that can easily be used by technical personnel and end users with varying degrees of knowledge. - **Database Administrators (DBA) -** they are the keepers of database accuracy, efficiency, maintenance and development. The DBA function requires Database Planning, requirements gathering and conceptual design, logical design and transaction design, physical design and implementation, testing and debugging. - **Database Specialist -** they design, install, update, modify, maintain, and repair computer databases. Duties may include: - **E-Commerce** - deals with doing business over the Internet and World Wide Web. These professionals are responsible for exploring and developing the ever -- growing sales channels and the expanding customer base. The primary activities may be identifying E-commerce fields, customers, marketing, providing online technical support and finally administration, resulting into improvement of online Business to Business (B2B) transactions, improving the product sales on Internet. - **IT and Education -** To match the speed at which the IT industry - **Interface Designer -** Human-computer interaction is a relatively upcoming field in computer science, which deals with ergonomic and interface details in computing. Interface designers design the user interface of a computer system, the communication system between the user and the computer, what you see on the computer screen while using a program and, how a user is led through a program or process. - **Software Engineers -** or software developers working in applications development, they analyze users' needs and design, create, and modify general computer applications software or specialized utility programs. Those involved with the systems software may research, design, and test operating system software, compilers, network distribution software. ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= - **Systems Analyst -** also referred as a systems developer and systems architect. They enable computer technology to meet individual needs of an organization. This may include planning and developing new computer systems or devising ways to apply existing systems' resources to additional operations. They also may prepare cost-benefit and return-on-investment analysis to help management decide whether implementing the proposed system will be financially feasible. They coordinate tests and monitor the system to ensure it performs as planned. They prepare specifications, work diagrams, and structure charts for computer programmers to follow and then work with them to\"debug,\" or eliminate errors from the system. - **Technical Writer** They have a varied number of activities to perform, which may be to design, write and edit manuals, brochures and online help in the software industry. - **Web Design** Multimedia and Web developers build, design / write or edit on-line information, supporting websites including on-line help. - **Interface Design and Usability Testing Engineers** Usability engineers and interface designers help software developers make and test programmes that are user- friendlier. - **Proposal Writers** These help engineers and scientists write successful proposals. - **Web Designer** They are responsible for creating, maintaining and supporting Internet sites for organizations. They are responsible for day-to-day site design and creation. They should be comfortable working closely with clients and developing web sites according to the client\'s requirements. ========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================  - Artificial Intelligence (AI) - is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction. - speech recognition, problem-solving, learning and planning - Internet of Things (IoT) --------------------------------------------- - describes the network of physical objects --"things"- that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. These devices range from ordinary household objects to sophisticated industrial tools. - security systems, thermostats, cars, electronic appliances, lights in household and commercial environments, alarm clocks, speaker systems, vending machines - ### Security - IT security is a set of cybersecurity strategies that prevents unauthorized access to organizational assets such as computers, networks, and data. It maintains the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive information, blocking the access of sophisticated hackers - ### Big Data - is a combination of structured, semi structured and unstructured data collected by organizations that can be mined for information and used in machine learning projects, predictive modeling and other advanced analytics applications. - **Mobile Application Development** - is the process of creating software applications that run on a mobile device, and a typical mobile application utilizes a network connection to work with remote computing resources. Hence, the mobile development process involves creating installable software bundles (code, binaries, assets, etc.) , implementing backend services such as data access with an API, and testing the application on target devices. - **Augmented reality (AR)** adds digital elements to a live view often by using the camera on a smartphone. Examples of augmented reality experiences include Snapchat lenses and the game Pokemon Go. - **Virtual reality (VR)** implies a complete immersion experience that shuts out the physical world. Using VR devices such as HTC Vive, Oculus Rift or Google Cardboard, users can be transported into a number of real-world and imagined environments such as the middle of a squawking penguin colony or even the back of a dragon - **Mixed Reality (MR)** experience, which combines elements of both AR and VR, real-worldand digital objects interact. Mixed reality technology is just now starting to take off with Microsoft's HoloLens one of the most notable early mixed reality apparatuses. - **Extended Reality (XR)** is an umbrella term that covers all of the various technologies that enhance our senses, whether they're providing additional information about the actual world or creating totally unreal, simulated worlds for us to experience. It includes Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies. - ### Robot Process Automation (RPA) - Robotic Process Automation is the technology that allows anyone today to configure computer software, or a "robot" to emulate and integrate the actions of a human interacting within digital systems to execute a business process. - RPA robots utilize the user interface to capture data and manipulate applications just like humans do. They interpret, trigger responses and communicate with other systems in order to perform on a vast variety of repetitive tasks. - **Blockchain** is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. It is essentially a digital ledger of transactions that is duplicated and distributed across the entire network of computer systems on the blockchain. Each block in the chain contains a number of transactions, and every time a new transaction occurs on the blockchain, a record of that transaction is added to every participant's ledger. Example: -------- -  **Autonomous Driving -** an autonomous car is a vehicle capable of sensing its environment and operating without human involvement. A human passenger is not required to take control of the vehicle at any time, nor is a human passenger required to be present in the vehicle at all. An autonomous car can go anywhere a traditional car goes and do everything that an experienced human driver does - **Business Intelligence** (BI)Business intelligence combines business analytics, data mining, data visualization, data tools and infrastructure, and best practices to help organizations to make more data-driven decisions - ### Cloud Computing - **Biometrics** is the technical term for body measurements and calculations. It refers to metrics related to human characteristics. Biometrics authentication (or realistic authentication) is used in computer science as a form of identification and access control. - fingerprint, palm veins, face recognition, DNA, palm print, hand geometry, iris recognition, retina and odour/scent.