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# Chapter 6 Gastrointestinal Physiology ## Stimuli for the release of GIP: - GIP is secreted by the duodenum and jejunum. - GIP is the only GI hormone that is released in response to fat, protein, and carbohydrate. - GIP secretion is stimulated by fatty acids, amino acids, and orally administered g...

# Chapter 6 Gastrointestinal Physiology ## Stimuli for the release of GIP: - GIP is secreted by the duodenum and jejunum. - GIP is the only GI hormone that is released in response to fat, protein, and carbohydrate. - GIP secretion is stimulated by fatty acids, amino acids, and orally administered glucose. ## Candidate hormones: - Are secreted by cells of the GI tract. - Motilin increases GI motility and is involved in interdigestive myoelectric complexes. - Pancreatic polypeptide inhibits pancreatic secretions. - Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) binds to pancreatic β cells and stimulates insulin secretion. Analogues of GLP-1 may be helpful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. - Leptin decreases appetite. - Ghrelin increases appetite.