AS 1.pdf

The Goat and Sheep Industry Chapter 1 The Goat and Sheep Industry Traditional Perception Present Stature *Poor man’s cow *World’s living assets *Non-income source *Growing commercialization *Smallhold property “Goat craze”...

The Goat and Sheep Industry Chapter 1 The Goat and Sheep Industry Traditional Perception Present Stature *Poor man’s cow *World’s living assets *Non-income source *Growing commercialization *Smallhold property “Goat craze” *No maintenance req’t * Source of meat, milk, and *Animal for special occasion money for many *Destructive animal Goats are still predominantly produced by backyard raisers Chevon per capita consumption is low and static 0.55 kg in 2014  Competitive Advantages 1. Increasing demand for goat and sheep ❖ meat 2. Ability to utilize farm by-products 3. Small initial investment needed 4. Possible participation of members of the family 5. Easy to integrate with other farming systems 6. Utilize farm wastes 7. Survive in marginal environment 8. Short gestation period ; reproduce fasts 9. Available technologies, facilities, & inputs for increased productivity & efficiency PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Production Management Systems The systems of goat production can be categorized into: 1. Tethering 2. Extensive Production (Freely Grazing) 3. Semi-intensive Production 4. Intensive Production (Pure Confinement) 5. Integration into Crop Agriculture 1. Tethering Goats are tied to a rope about 6-10 m long They are transferred once or twice daily to areas where it will have free access to fresh browsing Goats are closely monitored Limited damage to crops Common production management system in the Philippines 2. Extensive Production (Freely Grazing) Small herd of goats, 5-10 will let loose to browse on waste vegetation and hedges Very little management is exercised except letting the animals loose and herding them at night Goats return in their own pens at night Low level of unpaid family labor represents the main input 3. Semi-intensive Production Limited grazing and Stall-feeding Goats receive few hours of grazing and return to the farm in the evening Effective during wet season Labor requirement is less compared to pure confinement 4. Intensive Production (Pure Confinement) Animals are kept on stalls and cut forages are provided on a cut and carry method Effective conversion of crop residues Good animal control Effective parasite control Limited damage to environment 5. Integration into Crop Agriculture Integration of Goat raising into established plantations of mango, coconut, tamarind, etc. Maximum utilization of resources Increase fertility of the land by return of dung and urine Greater economic returns of the farmer from both crop and animal components Crop-Livestock Integrations Goat-Rice Goat-Tamarind Goat-Mango Goat-Fish  COMPARISON OF FEEDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Particulars FG Tethering PC RRG Integration Feed Cost None Less High Less Less Labor Minimal Less Laborious Laborious Less Destructive Destructive Prevented Prevented Less Minimal Characteristic Higher Theft/Losses Minimal Minimal Minimal Minimal Possibility Depends on Growth rate the Pasture Limited Faster Faster Limited Area Incidence of Parasites, Higher Partially Lesser Lesser Lesser Respiratory and Incidence Prevented Incidence Incidence Incidence Digestive Problems Morbidity and High Less Less Less Less Mortality CHOOSING THE FOUNDATION STOCKS  Goat Breeds ◼ Characteristics: small, stocky and low set ◼ Color and markings: red, white or black or combination of these colors ◼ Mature weight: 24 kilograms ◼ Ave. milk prod’n: 0.5 liter ◼ Lactation Period: 187 days Philippine Native  Goat Breeds ◼ Characteristics: taller, bigger and heavier than native ◼ Color and markings: vary in color ◼ Mature weight: 25 kilograms ◼ Ave. milk prod’n: 0.6 liter ◼ Lactation Period: 195 days Upgraded (50% Native: 50% Anglo-Nubian)  Goat Breeds ◼ Characteristics: taller, bigger, and heavier than 50:50 ◼ Color and markings: vary in color ◼ Mature weight: 40 kilograms ◼ Ave. milk prod’n: 0.7 – 1 liter ◼ Lactation Period: 215 days Upgraded (75% Anglo-Nubian: 25% Native)  Goat Breeds ◼ Characteristics: dual purpose type (meat and milk) ◼ Color and markings: body is predominantly white in color with scattered brown or black spots, with droopy ears w/ black/brown dotted ears ◼ Mature weight: 50 kilograms ◼ Ave. milk prod’n: 1-1.25 liters ◼ Lactation period: 210 days Three-Way Cross  Goat Breeds ◼ Characteristics: meat type with short to medium hair, horns are prominent ◼ Color and markings: reddish brown head and neck with white body and legs ◼ Mature weight: 80 kilograms ◼ Ave. milk prod’n: 1.25 – 1.75 liters ◼ Lactation period: 200 days Boer  Goat Breeds ◼ Characteristics: medium to large size, straight face w/ roman nose and upright ears, alertly graceful ◼ Color and markings: varies from pure white through shades of fawn ◼ Mature weight: 70 kilograms ◼ Ave. milk prod’n: 1.25 – 1.75 liters ◼ Lactation period: 250 days Alpine  Goat Breeds ◼ Characteristics: dual purpose type (meat and milk), medium sized animal with very tiny ears and straight face, short, fine and glossy hair ◼ Color and markings: brown, white, black or combination of these colors ◼ Mature weight: 60 kilograms ◼ Ave. milk prod’n: 1.25 – 2 liters ◼ Lactation period: 240 days La Mancha  Goat Breeds ◼ Characteristics: sturdy with semi-erect ears ◼ Color and markings: light fawn to dark chocolate with distinct white markings muzzle; fairly white from knees downward & hind legs ◼ Mature weight: 60 kilograms ◼ Ave. milk prod’n: 1.5 – 2.25 liters ◼ Lactation period: 220 days Toggenburg  Goat Breeds ◼ Characteristics: dual purpose type; proud and graceful in appearance; long, wide and pendulous ears and roman nose ◼ Color and markings: black, gray, cream, white shades of tan, reddish brown, facial stripes ◼ Mature weight: 60 kilograms ◼ Ave. milk prod’n: 1.75 – 2.5 liters ◼ Lactation Period: 250 days Anglo-Nubian  Goat Breeds ◼ Characteristics: well-built, milky head and neck; straight nose and erect ears; “Queen of Dairy Goats” ◼ Color and markings: cream to white with black spots on nose and udder ◼ Mature weight: 70 kilograms ◼ Ave. milk prod’n: 1.75 – 2.5 liters ◼ Lactation period: 280 days Saanen  Selection and Culling ◼ Selection – is the process of choosing animals with desirable traits that are fit for production ◼ Culling – is the process of removing animals that are below average in production, unsound or undesirable Characteristics of a Male Breeding Stock ◼ Healthy with no deformities ◼ Straight and strong legs ◼ Active and with high libido ◼ Normal testicles ◼ With good pedigree ◼ Clean, shiny, healthy coat ◼ 6-8 months and not 25 kg Characteristics of a Female Breeding Stock ◼ Healthy with no deformities ◼ Straight and strong legs ◼ Normal genitals ◼ With good mothering ability ◼ Normal teats(smooth, firm, no infection and swelling) ◼ Good pedigree ◼ 6-8 months of age & not