Goat Breeds Lecture 2 PDF

Lecture 2 Goat introduction - breeds and behaviour The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) Last time we Introductions Syllabus Barn tour- About the barn tour or in general last week, does anyone have any questions? Today we will Summary of fact sheet presentation Introduce differen...

Lecture 2 Goat introduction - breeds and behaviour The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) Last time we Introductions Syllabus Barn tour- About the barn tour or in general last week, does anyone have any questions? Today we will Summary of fact sheet presentation Introduce different goat and sheep breeds Explore their behaviour Goat fact sheet Who read it? What did you learn? By the end of today you should be able to Describe different goat breeds and their behaviour You will be tested on fact sheet, pictures and videos included in this lecture.  Number of sheep per square kilometer in 2015 https://www.fao.org/livestock-systems/global-distributions Number of goats per square kilometer in 2015  Introduction to breeds 1,153 goat breeds in the world!!!! https://ca.pinterest.com/pin/ 703617141800545577/ Dairy breeds of Canada: Alpine Saanen These 4 are European in origin, Toggenburg known as “Swiss” breeds. Oberhasli Nubian LaMancha Fiber producing goat: Mohair (pronounced /ˈmoʊhɛər/) is a fabric or Angora goats- Mohair yarn made from the hair Cashmere goats - Cashmere of the Angora goat.  Goats in British Columbia Mostly raised in the south coastal and southern interior regions of the province Herds are usually small in size, dairy operation are larger flocks Around 80% of goats are raised for milk production Boer goat is the most popular meat breed Sanaan and Alpine are the most popular milk breeds Nubia goats can be raised for both purposes.  Boer Goats These goats are specifically raised for their meat Boer Goats Known as Africander, Afrikaner, South African common goat Mature Boer Goat buck (male) weighs between 110-135 kg and does (female) between 90 and 100 kg. Performance of (150-190 g/day). The ovulation rate ranges from 1 to 4 eggs/doe with an average of 1.7. A kidding rate of 200% is common for this breed. Puberty is reached early, around 6 months for the males and 10-12 months for the females. The Boer goat also has an extended breeding season making possible 3 kids every 2 years. Boer Goats Meat is high quality, red and lean White body and red head Highly fertile Fast growth rate Females are pregnant around 5 months and they tend to birth multiples, very rare to have a single Kids weigh about 8 pounds and quite small in size Exceptional hardiness High resistance to disease Adaptable to a wide range of climates and grazing conditions They have strong legs Have a long life span and can be fertile for 10 years or more Their skin produces high quality leather Boer Goats basics – Video Nubian goats (Anglo-Nubian) They have a robust, medium to large frame and come in a variety of colors, including black, brown, red, and white, often with a mix of patterns. Nubian goats are easily recognizable by their long, pendulous ears. Nubian goats Dairy Quality: Nubian goats are highly valued for their rich, creamy milk, which is ideal for cheese-making and other dairy products. Their milk is known for its high butterfat content and rich flavor. Adaptability: Nubians adapt well to various climates and farming systems, making them suitable for the diverse weather conditions in British Columbia. They are very suitable for hot climate. Companionship: Their friendly and interactive nature makes them good companions and enjoyable animals to work with on both commercial and hobby farms. Video Toggenburg goats Toggenburg goats, although being the first breed registered with the Canadian Goat Society, continue to be classed as "vulnerable".  One of the oldest breeds, originally from Switzerland Medium to large High quality milk and good butterfat content , known for their consistent and reliable milk production, have an average fat of 3.7% Gentle and friendly Adaptable to environments, known for their hardiness and adaptability to various climates They perform best in cooler conditions Toggenburg goats – video LaManchas goats LaManchas are a relatively new breed. The LaMancha goat is the only breed of dairy goat developed in the United States. The breed has seen great improvements over the past 20 years and is now widely accepted by dairies.  Easily recognizable by their unique short ear structure , “gopher ears” or “elf ears” Known for the consistent and high yield milk production Friendly, calm, easy to handle Adaptable to different climates "gopher ear" is a maximum length of one inch but preferably non-existent and with very little or no cartilage. The end of the ear must be turned up or down. This is the only type of ear which will make buck eligible for registration. The "elf ear" is a maximum length of two inches, the end of the ear must be turned up or turned down. Saanen goats The world's best developed and highest milk-producing breed. Saanen goats saw increased registrations in 2008. There are large herds of Saanens in Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia, where most of the commercial goat dairies in Canada are located.  White or cream coloured Calm Erect ears Legs are strong Their milk is known for its mild flavor and averge butterfat content, which makes it ideal for drinking and cheese production. There are several breeders and goat associations in BC that focus on Saanen goats. These organizations offer resources, support, and opportunities for networking and education about the breed. Gentle and easy to handle Adaptable The breed is sensitive to excessive sunlight and performs best in cooler conditions. Saanen goats- Video Alpine goats The Alpine is a medium to large sized breed of domestic goat known for its very good milking ability. They have no set colours or markings. They have horns, a straight profile and erect ears. The breed originated in the French Alps. Mature does weigh around 61 kg and are about 76 cm tall at the shoulder. Mature bucks weigh 77kg and 85-100 cm tall  Alpine goats are highly valued in dairy production due to their ability to produce a large quantity of milk with high butterfat content. They are also known for their friendly and curious nature, making them a favorite among farmers. Horned or polled Adapted to most climate American does produce average 1196 liters of milk over 275 to 305 days, averaging 3.3% fat and 2.9% protein. In France, the national average is 920 liters as does may be smaller in size. Angora goats/Ankara is a Turkish breed Angoras are found from coast to coast, but their numbers are more limited in some provinces than others. Manitoba has only one herd of registered purebred Angora. Angora goats have a distinctive look with their long, curly, and lustrous fleece. They come in a range of colors, including white, black, and various shades of brown. Their fleece is typically shorn once or twice a year, yielding high-quality mohair.  Curly lustrous fleece Medium size sturdy built Does lack good mothering ability More susceptible to internal parasites Angora goats are known for their gentle and docile nature. They are relatively easy to handle but require regular grooming to maintain their fleece. Raised for their mohair Can adapt to various climates The Angora goat is a small animal compared to sheep or other goats.  The average goat in the U.S. shears approximately 5.3 pounds (2.4kg) of mohair per shearing Sheared twice a year. Fiber with a staple length of between 12 to 15cm. The mohair is very similar to wool in chemical composition but has much smoother surface and is very thin. Comparison of average milk composition Milk production by dairy goat breed Pygmy goats (Cameroon Dwarf Goat) Smaller than standard goats (Adults typically stand about 16 to 23 inches tall at the shoulder and weigh between 50 to 75 pounds) Friendly, curious, playful, and social Popular as pets Appearance: They have a sturdy build with a broad chest, strong legs, and a compact body. Their coats can come in a variety of colors and patterns. Temperament: Pygmy goats are known for their friendly, curious, and playful nature. They can be very social animals and often enjoy interacting with people and other animals. Care and Management/Housing: Pygmy goats need a secure, dry shelter to protect them from the elements. Given BC's varied climate, adequate insulation and ventilation are important to keep them comfortable in both cold and wet conditions. Benefits of Keeping Pygmy Goats/Educational Value: They are excellent for teaching children about animal care and responsibility due to their manageable size and temperament. Nigerian Dwarf Miniature goat (42-59 cm tall) Sturdy built, strong legs, broad chest Friendly and outgoing Both farming and pets High quality milk (6 to 10% butterfat.) Ideally kept in pairs to reduce stress New-born kids average about 2 lbs Size: Nigerian Dwarf goats are miniature goats, typically standing about 17 to 21 inches tall at the shoulder and weighing between 50 to 75 pounds. Their small size makes them well-suited for smaller properties and urban settings. Appearance: They have a sturdy build with a broad chest and strong legs. Their coats come in various colors and patterns, including solid, spotted, and multicolored. Temperament: Known for their friendly, outgoing nature, social animals that enjoy interacting with people and other animals. They are playful and curious, making them great companions. Milk Production: Despite their size, Nigerian Dwarf goats produce a good quantity of high-quality milk that is rich in butterfat. This milk can be used for drinking, cheese, and other dairy products.  San Clemente Island goats Herbaviours, graze on plant materials Agile climbers Exotic pets Ability to adapt to environment Does are 29kg, bucks are 45kg British Columbia has its own population of San Clemente Island goats with a few herds also found in Alberta. Myotonic goats are a breed characterized by a genetic condition called myotonia congenita, which causes their muscles to stiffen temporarily when they are startled or excited. Also known as “Tennessee fainting goats”, “nervous goats” and “Wooden Leg goats” Come in various looks, range from small to medium Non seasonal breeders, 3 times kidding in 2 years Calm and gentle demenour In BC, they are found in rural areas and farms that specialize in raising different types of livestock The fainting trait is recessive, not expressed in crossbreeds Enjoy exploring the environment Tennessee fainting goats- Video Oberhasli goats In total there are only 30 purebred animals left in Canada (fewer in number than San Clementes), of which most are located in Ontario, with one breeder in British Columbia. Medium size, sturdy built Distinctive looks Produce high quality milk, valuable asset to the dairy industry Friendly and easy to handle Questions? References https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921448823002675 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohair#:~:text=Mohair%20(pronounced%20%2F%C B%88mo%CA%8A,Mohair%20takes%20dye%20exceptionally%20well https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/farming-natural-resources-and-industry/agricult ure-and-seafood/agricultural-land-and-environment/strengthening-farming/farm-pr actices/870218-14_goats.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fainting_goat https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348312947_Production_Potential_Nutriti ve_Value_and_Nutraceutical_Effects_of_Goat_Milk/figures?lo=1 https://bluebarnyard.com/dairy-goats/ https://extension.psu.edu/dairy-goat-production https://www.ontariosheep.org/ https://www.rarebreedscanada.ca