Sheep and Goat Industries History and Development - Chapter 1 PDF

Sheep and Goats  ‫تعبيرات عن األغنام والماعز‬ ‫ذكر الماعز البالغ‬ ‫تيس ( ‪) Buck‬‬ ‫أنثى الماعز البالغة‬ ‫عنزة ( ‪(Doe‬‬ ‫الوليد الصغير للماعز‬ ‫جدي ‪ ،‬طلي ( ‪(Kid‬‬...

Sheep and Goats  ‫تعبيرات عن األغنام والماعز‬ ‫ذكر الماعز البالغ‬ ‫تيس ( ‪) Buck‬‬ ‫أنثى الماعز البالغة‬ ‫عنزة ( ‪(Doe‬‬ ‫الوليد الصغير للماعز‬ ‫جدي ‪ ،‬طلي ( ‪(Kid‬‬ ‫الماعز ( ‪( Goats‬‬ ‫األنثى البالغة لألغنام‬ ‫النعجة ( ‪( Ewe‬‬ ‫قطيع من األغنام‬ ‫شلية ( ‪(Flock‬‬ ‫الوليد الصغير للنعجة‬ ‫حمل ( ‪( Lamb‬‬ ‫حمل ذكر ( ‪( Ram lamb‬‬ ‫حمل كبش مخصي ( ‪( Wether lamb‬‬ ‫عبورة ( ‪)Ewe lamb , gimmer‬‬ ‫ذكر األغنام البالغ والجاهز للتسفيد‬ ‫كبش (‪( Ram‬‬ ‫أغنام ( ‪)Sheep‬‬ ‫تزاوج الكباش مع األغنام ( ‪( Tupping‬‬ ‫قبل الجزة األولى‬ ‫حمل حولي ) ‪(Hogget, Yearling‬‬ ‫صوت الغنم‬ ‫الثغاء‬  Sheep (common terms) Ram male of breeding age Wether castrated male Ram lamb immature male Ewe lamb immature female Lamb newborn Flock group (3 or more) Tupping act of breeding Lambing act of parturition (giving birth) Birth weight 5 - 8 lb. Average number born 1.1 - 1.4 lambs/year Weaning age 2 - 3 months Pasture carrying capacity 5 - 6 ewes & lambs/acre Life span 6-11 years Chromosome number 54  Goats (common terms) Buck A male goat Wether Castrated male goat Doe Female goat Doeling Female goat a year or less in age Young intact male goat, typically of a year or Buckling less age Kid(s) Baby goats, either sex Flock group (3 or more) Dam Female parent Yearling A baby goat between 6 and 12 months of age A series of cycles during which time the doe Estrus Cycle comes into regular heat; usually from July through February Chromosome number 60 POSITION OF SHEEP AND GOAT IN THE ZOLOGICAL SCHEME. ❖ Kingdom Animalia : the Animal Kingdom. ❖ Phylum Chordata: One of approximately 21 phyla of the animal kingdom, which includes primarily the subphylum Vertebrata, the vertebrates. ❖ Class Mammalian: Mammals or warm-blooded, hairy animals that produce their young alive and suckle them for a variable period on a secretion from the mammary glands. ❖ Order Artiodactyla: Even-toed, hoofed mammals. ❖ Family Bovidae: Ruminants having polycotyledonary placenta; hollow, nondeciduous, unbranched horns; and nearly universal presence of a gall bladder. ❖ Genus Ovis: The genus consisting of the domestic sheep and the majority of wild sheep. The horn from a lateral spiral. ❖ Species Ovis aries: Domestic sheep. ❖ Genus Capra: The genus consisting of the domestic and wild goat. Horns of the males are large, bulky and mostly sabrelike. The males have a beard at the chin. ❖ Species Capra hircus: Domestic goats.  Sheep Compared to goats ❖ Sheep resemble goats in many respects, but are distinct and do not cross. ❖ The number of chromosomes is different. ❖ Male sheep do not have beard hairs growing from the chin as do male goat. ❖ Generally wool and horn characteristics of sheep differ from hair and horns of goats. ❖ Tails of goats are short and usually upright, while sheep’s' tails are down. ❖ Goats are more susceptible to exposure or stress than are sheep. ❖ Goats differ by the absence of the foot glands , by the strong smell of the bucks. ❖ Goats are more intelligent , independent , posses greater ability to fight and fend for themselves.  Compared to cattle ❖ Sheep have many similarities to cattle in form and function, yet differ markedly in many respects. ❖ Sheep are smaller than, and they differ in breeding habits (sheep are seasonal breeders ) and grazing habits. ❖ Sheep have a narrow muzzle mouth parts, in particular the cleft upper lips allows them to graze more selectively and closer to the ground. ❖ The skin of sheep is much thinner than the hide of cattle, ranging from 1-3 nm in thickness. ❖ Sheep do not have any incisors teeth in the upper jaw, but rather a dent pad, and they eat by manipulating the incisor teeth of the lower jaw against the pad with help from the lips and tongue.  Origin And Domestication Of Sheep ❖ The sheep was domesticated around 12000 years ago and is thought to be one of the first animals domesticated by man. ❖ There is more confusion and disagreement about the ancestry and classification of sheep than any other animal. ❖ This difficulty arises from the bewildering numbers of breeds and the marked changes produced by domestication. There are more than 200 distinct breeds of sheep scattered throughout the world. ❖ Although differing widely in body form and wool characters, domestic sheep of all breeds are universally: 1. Timid and defruseless. 2. The least intelligent. 3. The least teachable of all the domestic four-footed animals. ❖ These traits are the results of selection by man and connected with the herd of sheep in large bands where independence of behavior is a disadvantage. ❖ It is certain that domestic sheep came from the wild sheep of Europe and Asia. ❖ Domestic sheep are thought to descend mainly from two wild stock: 1. The moufflons (Ovis musimon and Ovis orientalis). A wild sheep still found in Asia and Europe. 2. The Asiatic urial (Ovis vignei) which a smaller race of sheep than the moufflons, is native to the grassy open plains of central Asia. ❖ There is, however, considerable evidence to indicate that the wild big-horned sheep of Asia may be at least partial progenitors of the fat-rumped sheep of central Asia.  Origin And Domestication Of Goats ❖ The ancestry of goats is far less confused than that of sheep. It is certain that the bezoar goat (Capra aegagrus) was the main progenitor, if not the sole ancestor, of the domestic goat. ❖ Like sheep, goats were probably among the first animals to be domesticated. Goat remains found in the archaeological sites in the western Asia, such as Jericho, Choga Mami, and Cayonu, which date the domestication of goats around 7000 to 6000 B.C. ❖ Goats also produced many breeds. Unlike sheep, goats easily relearn to a wild state if given the opportunity. ❖ Truly wild goats are found on Creta, other Greek islands, in Turky, Iran, Turkmenia, Pakistan; in the Alps, Siberia, Sudan, Caucasus; the Pyrenees, in the Himalayan, Central Asia, Russiann and Tibetin Mountain rangs and prefer rock precipitous mountains and cliffs.  Purposes of sheep breeding 1. Production of fine wool for making high-quality clothing. 2. Production of long wool for making heavy clothing, upholstering, and rugs. 3. Production of mutton and lamb.  Purposes of goat breeding ❖ A goat is useful to humans both alive and dead, first as a renewable provider of milk and fiber, and then as meat and hide. Some charities provide goats to impove people in poor countries, because goats are easier and cheaper to manage than cattle, and have multiple uses. ❖ For instance, the intestine is used to make "catgut", which is still in use as a material for internal human sutures. The horn of the goat, which signifies wellbeing (Cornucopia) is also used to make spoons etc… 1- Meat production 2- Milk, butter, and cheese production 3- Fiber production (mohair, fleece, goat wool, and cashmere)  Classification of sheep breeds ❖ Breeds of sheep are classified on several different bases, including: 1. Their degree of suitability for meat or wool production. 2. Color of face (white or black face). 3. Presence or absence or horns (horned or polled). 4. Topography of the area in which they originated (mountains uplands or lowlands). 5. Type of wool produced. 6. Use in breeding.  Classification of goat breeds 1. Angora (mohair-bearing) goats. 2. Cashmere goats. 3. Dairy goats include goat breeds raised mainly for the production of milk. Alpine, La Mancha, Nubian, Oberhasli, Saanen, Sable, and Toggenburg are among dairy goat breeds. 4. Meat goats (Spanish) include goat breeds raised mainly for the production of carcass and meat. It includes Boer goats. 5. Pygmy goats. Major sheep breeds in the U. S. Awassi Nubian goat breed Alpines goat breed Saanen goat breed Toggenburg goat breed La Mancha goat breed Oberhasli goat breed