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## Mometrix ### Laboratory findings are as follows: * ABGS: Arterial PO2 < 50 mm Hg, PCO2 ≥ 50, pH ≤ 7.25. * Chest radiograph: Decreased volume, hazy fields, and reticulogranular density. ### Complications include: * Pulmonary air leaks. * Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. * Patent ductus arteriosus....

## Mometrix ### Laboratory findings are as follows: * ABGS: Arterial PO2 < 50 mm Hg, PCO2 ≥ 50, pH ≤ 7.25. * Chest radiograph: Decreased volume, hazy fields, and reticulogranular density. ### Complications include: * Pulmonary air leaks. * Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. * Patent ductus arteriosus. * Hypotension. * Renal failure. * Metabolic acidosis. * Sodium imbalance (hypo or hyper). * Hypoglycemia. * Hypocalcemia. * Anemia. * Intraventricular hemorrhage. * Seizures. * Retinopathy of prematurity. * Death. ### RDS-TREATMENT Respiratory distress syndrome is often self-limiting as the premature infant begins to produce adequate surfactant within 48 to 72 hours, but more aggressive treatment may be indicated: * **Surfactant replacement therapy:** * Infants who are 27 to 30 weeks gestation are usually provided prophylactic surfactant replacement therapy after birth per endotracheal tube. * Surfactant replacement therapy for those with progressive respiratory distress is administered per inline catheter or 5Fr orogastric catheter. * Beractant: 4 ml/kg, repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours as needed OR * Poractant alfa: 2.5 ml/kg in 2 aliquots initially and 1.25 mg/kg every 12 hours as needed OR * Calfactant: 3 ml/kg in 2 aliquots every 12 hours to total of 3 doses. * **Other treatment:** * Supportive treatment. * Supplemental oxygen. * CPAP via nasal prongs or endotracheal tube with assisted ventilation for hypoxemia (PaO2 < 50 mm Hg) or hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 60 mm Hg). * Manage electrolyte imbalances. * Manage fluid balance and provide volume replacement. * Dopamine or dobutamine for hypotension. * Pulse oximetry. ### NEONATAL PNEUMONIA Neonatal pneumonia may result from an intrauterine infection (transplacental, aspiration of meconium or infected amniotic fluid) or neonatal infection acquired during hospitalization after delivery. Premature infants are at increased risk. Common bacterial agents include *E. coli*, *Klebsiella*,