HRT3M World Religions Exam Review 2025 PDF

HRT3M World Religions Exam Review ​ Ms. Tedesco Exam Date Monday, January 27, 2025 Exam Location Room 320 Length 1.5 hours Weight 15% Exam Breakdown Part A: Multiple Choice ( 20 marks) Part B: Short Answer (20 mar...

HRT3M World Religions Exam Review ​ Ms. Tedesco Exam Date Monday, January 27, 2025 Exam Location Room 320 Length 1.5 hours Weight 15% Exam Breakdown Part A: Multiple Choice ( 20 marks) Part B: Short Answer (20 marks) Part C: Extended Response (40 marks) Exam Total: 80 marks Part A: -​ Secularism ​ Religion was represented by church and government was represented by state ​ Religion should be kept separate from government and public life -​ Medicine Wheel Teachings Focus on seasons and actions White: Winter, Rest Yellow: Spring, new beginnings, sunrise Red: Summer, active and youthful Black: Fall, the adult stage, sun setting -​ Indigenous Rituals Know potlatch, sundance, smudging, and the powwow Potlatch: A ceremonial feast practiced by Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest, where wealth is redistributed, social status is affirmed, and significant events are celebrated. Sundance: A sacred Plains Indigenous ritual of prayer, self-sacrifice, and renewal, often involving fasting and ceremonial dancing to connect with the Creator and community. Smudging: A purification practice using the smoke of sacred herbs like sage to cleanse people, spaces, and objects of negative energy and invite spiritual harmony. Powwow: A social and cultural gathering among Indigenous peoples, featuring traditional music, dancing, storytelling, and community celebration. -​ Grandfather Teachings Question is: Which Sacred teaching focuses on _______: Options are respect, wisdom, bravery, or truth Buffalo - Respect Respect means giving from the heart without expecting anything in return. Respect all life on mother Earth, all land, elders, people of all colours. Bear - Courage Always do the right thing that is expressed from your heart. Courage is the strength to resist something you know isn’t right. Beaver - Wisdom To have wisdom is to know you have a special gift and purpose and use it to make a peaceful world. Everyone should use our gifts to fulfil our purpose and live a happy life. Turtle - Truth To have truth is to live and walk with all the sacred laws. When humans walk these laws, then there will be peace. -​ Ahimsa True and complete non-violence is impossible. All of us are liable to make mistakes that cause harm, both intentionally and unintentionally. The pillar of non-violence is the dedication to living your life with compassion and generosity, minimising any and all harm you could cause. This principle is rooted in the understanding that the Self in all beings is connected, coming from and enlivened by the same source. With this understanding striving to live life, refraining from causing injury to any other being or part of creation through word, deed or thought encompasses the practice of non-violence. Non-violence also extends to yourself and if your non-violence or your self-compassion does not include yourself, then your non-violence is incomplete. -​ Path of Knowledge (Raja yoga) Answer: The main goal of Raja yoga is to realise that Brahman and Atman are one -​ Noble Eightfold Path Identify of the following is not one of the eightfold path Answer: Right Understanding -​ Five Precepts Identify of the following is not one of the five precepts Answer: Do not covet your neighbour's belongings -​ Life of the Buddha The Buddah believe that true happiness came from living according to Answer: The Middle Way Who was emotionally and spiritually moved by seeing old age, sickness, and death? Answer: Suddartha Gautama (Buddha) -​ Nirvana Answer: The ultimate liberation of suffering -​ Name for the first five books of the Hebrew Bible Answer: Pentateuch -​ Pentecost It's known as the day the Holy Spirit descended on the disciples. It's the day the apostles decided to start evangelizing. It’s the birthday of the Christian faith. -​ Events and key people of the Protestant Reformation Know Emperor Constantine, Martin Luther, King Henry VIII, and John Calvin -​ Pillars of Islam Shahada (Faith): Declaration of faith in the oneness of God and Muhammad as His messenger. Salah (Prayer): Performing ritual prayers five times a day facing Mecca. Zakat (Charity): Giving a portion of one’s wealth to the needy and poor. Sawm (Fasting): Observing fasting during the month of Ramadan from dawn to sunset. Hajj (Pilgrimage): Undertaking a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime if able. -​ Jihad It means to struggle. The idea of eye for an eye and how Terrorists can take to the extreme. -​ Ramadan Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed as a holy month of fasting, prayer, and reflection to commemorate the Quran's revelation to Prophet Muhammad. Muslims fast from dawn to sunset, abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs, to practice self-discipline, gratitude, and spiritual growth. -​ Shema (Period 2 class) It’s a declaration of faith in one God from the Torah for Jews. -​ Symbols of Judaism (Period 3 class) -​ Jewish rituals (Period 3 class) -​ Jewish Holidays (Period 3 Class) -​ The Filioque Clause (Period 3 class) The addition “And the son” to the the Nicene creed -​ Karma (Period 3 Class) For Hindus, how someone is reborn is determined by karma (the law of cause and effect – what you do in this life affects your future life) You receive good karma by performing dharma (duty to family and society). For Buddhists karma is related to their intentions and the concept of merit. Part B: Know how to compare two religions on each topic. Going to get 5 topics and pick 4. 1 mark for understanding topic, 2 marks per religion showing the connection to topic -​ Teachings on compassion and empathy in each religion Compassion and empathy are core principles in many religions, emphasizing kindness, understanding, and the ability to connect with others' struggles. In Christianity, compassion is rooted in the teachings of Jesus, such as the commandment to “love your neighbor as yourself” (Mark 12:31). Parables like the Good Samaritan highlight the importance of caring for others, regardless of differences. The Beatitudes such “blessed are those who mourn for they shall be comforted” also call for empathy, encouraging believers to mourn with those who mourn and to comfort the suffering. Similarly, in Judaism, the Torah teaches compassion through the commandment in Leviticus 19:18, which states, “Love your neighbor as yourself.” The concept of chesed (loving-kindness) goes beyond feelings of compassion, emphasizing acts of care and responsibility, such as helping the vulnerable, widows, and strangers. Both religions emphasize the importance of empathy in building community and creating kindness. -​ Ethical guidelines in each religion Ethical guidelines in both Christianity and Hinduism serve as foundations for moral behavior and spiritual growth. In Christianity, the Ten Commandments provide a clear moral code, prohibiting actions like stealing, lying, and dishonoring parents, and guiding individuals to live in harmony with others and God. Jesus’ teachings, like the Beatitudes, further emphasize virtues such as forgiveness, humility, and love, encouraging Christians to follow His example in their daily lives. In Hinduism, the ethical framework is based on dharma, which includes pillars such as truth, non-violence, generosity, and self-restraint. The pillar of purity teaches Hindus to maintain cleanliness in both body and spirit, while the pillar of contentment encourages gratitude and detachment from material possessions. Both religions highlight the importance of ethical living as a pathway to spiritual fulfillment and societal harmony. -​ Teachings of non-violence in each religion Non-violence is a key teaching in both Christianity and Hinduism, promoting peace and compassion. In Christianity, Jesus emphasized non-violence in teachings like “turn the other cheek” (Matthew 5:39) and “Blessed are the peacemakers” (Matthew 5:9). These teachings encourage Christians to avoid retaliation, resolve conflicts peacefully, and embody love, even in the face of hostility. In Hinduism, the principle of ahimsa (non-violence) extends to all living beings and requires minimizing harm in thought, word, and action. For example, Hindus practicing ahimsa often follow vegetarian diets to avoid causing harm to animals. This principle also includes self-compassion, as non-violence is incomplete if one neglects their own well-being. Both religions advocate for peaceful living, with Christianity focusing on interpersonal relationships and Hinduism emphasizing a broader respect for all forms of life. -​ Beliefs of prayer and/or meditation in each religion Prayer and meditation are essential spiritual practices in both Christianity and Buddhism, providing ways to connect with the divine and achieve inner peace. In Christianity, prayer is seen as a personal relationship with God, involving praise, thanksgiving, petitions, and intercessions for others. The Lord’s Prayer serves as a model, teaching believers to align their prayers with God’s will. Additionally, Christians practice daily prayer as a discipline to cultivate faith and seek guidance. In Buddhism, meditation is central to spiritual practice, helping individuals develop mindfulness, insight, and tranquility. Mindfulness meditation encourages Buddhists to focus on the present moment, while Right Concentration, part of the Noble Eightfold Path, trains the mind to achieve inner peace and enlightenment. Both practices emphasize discipline and spiritual growth, with Christianity focusing on communication with God and Buddhism emphasizing self-awareness and liberation. -​ Teachings on suffering and meaning in each religion Both Christianity and Buddhism provide teachings on the purpose and resolution of suffering. In Christianity, suffering is seen as a means to grow closer to Jesus, who endured pain for humanity’s salvation. This redemptive view encourages believers to find meaning in hardship, strengthening their faith and perseverance. Additionally, Christians find hope in the promise of eternal life, where suffering will no longer exist (Revelation 21:4). In Buddhism, Buddha created the 4 Noble truths based on the idea that suffering is unavoidable. The first Noble truth says to live is to suffer - this suffering includes the experiences of birth, old age, disease, death, sorrow, frustration, being around those we dislike, being apart from loved ones, and not getting what we want. These are all experiences we do not want, we try to avoid. The cause of suffering is negative desire - people are greedy for the wrong kind of pleasures, and do harmful things to their bodies. The possessions that people desire the most cause them the most suffering. Everyone has basic needs like food, shelter and clothing; when these needs are met, one should enjoy them without being greedy. The 3rd and 4th Noble truths say that the goal of Buddhism is to end suffering and that is done by following the Noble Eightfold Path. Reaching nirvana will only be possible if you cut off greed and change your views and behaviour. -​ Concepts of the afterlife in each religion Beliefs about the afterlife vary but share common themes of justice and spiritual progression. In Christianity, the afterlife consists of Heaven, a place of eternal joy for the faithful, and Hell, a place of separation from God for those who reject Him. Some denominations also believe in purgatory, where souls are purified before entering Heaven. In Hinduism, An important belief is Reincarnation – when you die your soul goes on to live in another person, animal, or other being (where it goes depends on how you lived your life). Hinduism is based on the law of birth, death and rebirth which is known as The Wheel of Life or Samsara (the process of reincarnation). The goal of life is to be freed from this process – being liberated is called moksha (in each life you move to a higher position). How someone is reborn is determined by karma (the law of cause and effect – what you do in this life affects your future life). You receive good karma by performing dharma (duty to family and society) Both religions emphasize moral behavior and spiritual growth as key to achieving a favorable afterlife, though Christianity focuses on eternal destinations while Hinduism highlights ongoing progression toward liberation. Islam Core belief is life after death to Paradise/Heaven (Jannah) or hell (Jahannam). As you live your life in Islam you try to be a good person and to do good deeds to be able to go to Jannah after you die. In Hell (Jahannam) you will be punished for your sins or for being a non believer, though some may eventually be forgiven. Judaism Jewish belief in the after life is different compared to other faiths. Some ancient texts refer to a Sheol, a dark shadowy realm of the dead, while newer beliefs talk about Olam Ha-Ba (World to Come) a time of resurrection and reward for the righteous. Concepts such as Gan Eden (a paradise for the virtuous) and Gehenna (a place of purification or punishment) also appear in Jewish tradition. Buddhism Buddhists believe in rebirth, with one’s actions (karma) shaping the conditions of future lives. The ultimate goal is achieving nirvana, a state of liberation from suffering and the endless cycle of rebirth (samsara). Buddhist cosmology includes six realms of existence, ranging from heavenly realms of bliss to hellish states of suffering, all of which are impermanent. -​ Key rituals in each religion Rituals in both Christianity and Judaism strengthen faith and community bonds. In Christianity, baptism symbolizes spiritual cleansing and entry into the faith, while the Eucharist commemorates Jesus’ Last Supper and nourishes believers spiritually. Confirmation further seals one’s commitment to faith and the Holy Spirit. In Judaism, rituals like circumcision (Brit Milah) signify the covenant between God and His people. The Passover Seder recalls the Exodus, emphasizing gratitude for freedom, and Shabbat encourages rest and spiritual reflection, fostering a connection to God and the community. Both religions use rituals to honor divine covenants and maintain spiritual traditions. Part C: -​ What key teachings do all religions have in common? Study your CPT to help you review for this part. Length is about 2 and a half pages double spaced. Does not have to be in essay format HELP FOR EXAM ESSAY: 1. What All Religions Teach ​ Be kind and caring: Show love and compassion to everyone. ​ Be honest: Always tell the truth and act with integrity.  ​ Help others: Serve your community and those in need. ​ Live in peace: Avoid violence and try to solve problems calmly. ​ Take care of nature: Respect the earth and its resources. 2. Values vs. Rituals ​ Values: Things like love, honesty, and peace are timeless. They’re the same in all religions. ​ Rituals: Practices like what you wear, eat, or how you pray are different in each religion and can change over time. 3. Why Religions Fight Sometimes ​ People focus too much on differences (like symbols and rituals) instead of shared values. ​ If we focused on what we all agree on, like kindness and peace, there would be less conflict. 4. Examples of Common Values ​ Love and kindness: “Love your neighbor” (Christianity) and “Loving all beings” (Buddhism). ​ Helping others: Giving to charity in Islam and Sikhism. ​ Nonviolence: Hinduism and Jainism both teach not to harm others. 5. Big Idea ​ All religions want people to be good, peaceful, and caring. ​ If we focus on what we share instead of our differences, the world would be a better place. 1. Common Values and Examples Kindness and Love ​ Christianity: “Love your neighbor as yourself.” (Bible) ​ Buddhism: The principle of Metta (loving-kindness) encourages love for all beings. ​ Hinduism: Teaches Ahimsa (nonviolence) as a way of showing kindness to all living creatures. Helping Others and Generosity ​ Islam: Zakat (charity) is one of the Five Pillars and requires giving to the poor.  ​ Sikhism: Seva (selfless service) encourages helping others without expecting anything in return. ​ Judaism: Tzedakah is the Jewish practice of giving to those in need. Honesty and Integrity ​ Hinduism: Dharma emphasizes truth and living righteously. ​ Christianity: “Do not lie to each other.” (Colossians 3:9) ​ Islam: The Quran emphasizes truthfulness as a key trait of a good person. Nonviolence and Peace ​ Jainism: Strongly teaches Ahimsa (nonviolence) as a way of life. ​ Buddhism: The Eightfold Path includes Right Action, which promotes nonviolence. ​ Christianity: “Blessed are the peacemakers.” (Matthew 5:9) Caring for Nature ​ Indigenous Spirituality: Deep respect for the Earth as sacred. ​ Hinduism: Rivers and trees are seen as divine, symbolizing care for the planet. ​ Islam: The Quran teaches humans are stewards of the Earth. 2. Why Religions Have Differences ​ Symbols and Practices: ○​ Christianity: The cross symbolizes Jesus’ sacrifice. ○​ Islam: The crescent moon is a reminder of peace in the desert. ○​ Hinduism: The Om represents universal truth. ​ Practices vary based on time and place: ○​ Kosher laws in Judaism and halal in Islam relate to specific diets. ○​ Sabbath rules in Judaism emphasize rest and no work. 3. How to Reduce Conflict ​ Focus on shared values like love, honesty, and kindness instead of differences in rituals or symbols. ​ Understand that practices are time-bound and may not always apply today. AI QUIZ: https://revisely.com/quiz/FmPqaa