Grade 11 Religion Exam Review PDF

INTRO Pg 6: 1,2 1.​ Canada is a good place to encounter religions of the world because Canada is multicultural, and therefore people come to Canada from different religions of the world. For example you could encounter Hinduism and Islam in Canada, when someone comes from In...

INTRO Pg 6: 1,2 1.​ Canada is a good place to encounter religions of the world because Canada is multicultural, and therefore people come to Canada from different religions of the world. For example you could encounter Hinduism and Islam in Canada, when someone comes from India (Hindu), while if someone comes from Pakistan, you can encounter the Islam Religion. Even though you can encounter people from a country with a specified religion, it does not necessarily mean that all the people there are from that same religion (culture and religion are not the same). 2.​ The meaning of the phrase religious impulse would be that it is the reason why people would get involved in religion, believing in something beyond ourselves and the reason why it is needed in their personal lives. This could be due to Fear, Wonder, Identity, Intuition, Needing Answers for big questions, and Questioning. Pg 13: 1,2 1.​ The Five Common Features of Religion would include: ○​ The Belief in the Existence of a Soul ○​ There is a system of ethics that offers a guide to Moral Behaviour ○​ There are organized institutions. ○​ There is a collection of sacred writings or scriptures. Hu ○​ There are significant founders or inspired leaders who introduced or spurred the development of the faith 2. In my view, the two reasons that best explain why people throughout time have turned to religion would be because of questioning, especially when they are looking for answers during tough times, have existential crises, etc.. or due to fear when they are scared about what the afterlife would look like, loneliness, etc..$ Pg 22. 1 1.​ Religious freedom is protected in Canada due to the fact that the religious institutions and the state are separate entities. The state forms the governments and creates societal rules to protect law and order for citizens, without having any religious views impacting their decision. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms demonstrates this freedom. In Canada, religion is a personal matter, which gives people the freedom to believe and practice any religion that they want to (e.g Hinduism, Christianity, Atheism) Pg. 23 1-3 / 10  1.​ Religious Pluralism is a positive attitude toward the existence of many religions in our society. For example, people in Canada have a positive attitude towards many religions since Canada is culturally and religiously diverse. Additionally, the Canadian government doesn’t force people to be in one religion since there is a Charter of Rights Freedoms allowing people to be in whatever religion they want to be a part of (to practice the religions in our society) and believe whatever they want to believe in. 2.​ Four reasons why people turn to religion would be due to: ​ Identity- Turning to Religion to fit in with a crowd (longing for belonging) ​ Intuition- Turning to Religion due to a belief that there is something more than a sense of self (wanting more). ​ Fear- Turning to Religion due to being fearful of afterlife, natural elements, illness, right and wrong, and loneliness. ​ Questioning- Turning to Religion to look for answers in tough times including questions about life cycles, purpose, existence, etc.. Questioning and Fear both apply to me. 3. Ethnicity may not be a reliable indicator of a person’s religion because ethnicity is not associated with indicating someone’s religion. You can be from a certain origin and cultural background that has dominant religious beliefs, and practices, but still not following it based on personal choices. For example there are South Asians who are Christians despite dominant religions like Hinduism for example there. One cannot assume to know a person’s religion other than through his or her personal declaration. 10. I would organize the school by looking at the multifaith calendar in advance to check to see what religious celebrations are going on at the time to ensure that all faiths are included. Then I will recruit members from the student body to plan out which holidays are important or significant enough to be celebrated at school, which would be based on student values. Additionally, along the school year there would be assemblies where students of various religions would do a small presentation on what their beliefs are, traditions, place of worship, etc.. Lastly, I would arrange monthly field trips to places of worship including Temples, Shrines, Mosques, Churches, etc.. and immerse students into religious practices at these places. HINDUISM Pg. 129 #3 3. The negative aspects of the Caste System would be the fact that it encourages negative discrimination and hate within the population. For example, people in the Brahmin Caste or the Kshatriya Caste who have political power, knowledge, and education would discriminate and bring down people who are in the untouchables caste for example, therefore encouraging more separation between the population and possibly more wars, conflicts etc.. Additionally, there is a lot of injustice between the people who are low in the Caste System (Untouchables,Sudra) due to the fact that they are constantly stuck in the same Caste and same social situation that they are in throughout, life which may not be the best (not the best place to live, not enough money in jobs to survive, and lack of education) therefore being unfair and against human rights. The positive aspects of the Caste System would include that it helps provide social order within a community since certain castes have specific duties that people have to perform, ensuring stability in who performs which jobs and it helps ensuring sense of belonging with others since people in caste systems are forced to talk to and create relationships between people of the same caste system, providing a build in support system for them. Tpg. 136 1, 3-4 ❖​ Puja is the most common form of home worship and it is significant because it is a part of thanksgiving in which offerings are made to deities. The offerings (flowers, fruits, incense sticks, water, milk, clarified butter, and a lamp) are placed on a tray and presented at certain points at worship during 16 steps. A traditional puja is performed by worshippers on special days and special occasions. ❖​ Yoga and Meditation is a spiritual discipline which is significant since you need these two practices to connect the atman to the Brahman (in union). In a strict Hindu sense, yoga means “yoke” that is the atman in union with the Brahman. Meditators try to remain focused (maintain breathing), so that they experience the divine presence of the Brahman. ❖​ The distribution of prasad is the process of distributing some of the food that was offered to the deities and the significance of this action is to present the blessed food as a gift from the deities (the gift of being blessed by the deities given to those present at the ceremonies. 3. Two Hindu Symbols would include the Om and the Swastika. The Om represents the sacred syllable “Om” and is used as a mantra to evoke the supreme essence of the Brahman. It contains the secrets of the universe and is chanted at the beginning of prayers, blessings, etc..It is the first and most sacred sound and also contains the essence of true knowledge. The “Om” symbolizes the first three Vedas (present, past and future) and the three states of consciousness (waking, dreaming, and deep sleep). The symbol is not worshiped, but is dedicated as a way to gain enlightenment.Another symbol would be the Swastika which symbolizes “good luck” and represents well being. It is illustrated in red and is used on wedding invitations, decorative drawings, textiles, in rituals to bring good luck and protect against evil. 4. Diwali: The significance of Diwali would be that it is the festival of lights (also celebrates the triumph of good and knowledge over the dark forces of evil and ignorance) and is Hinduism’s most popular celebration. It is also significant because this festival honors Mother Lakshmi (Goddess of Wealth and Good Fortune) and Vishnu who defeated the demon Naraka, also commemorating Rama’s return to his kingdom after defeating Ravana, the evil king who had abducted his wife, Sita, in the Ramayana. Diwali is only observed on one evening, but is preceded with days of festivities. Hindus celebrate Diwali with fireworks, decorate their houses with lights, give gifts, wear new clothes, prepare very lavish vegetarian meals, and perform traditional puja. Holi: The significance of Holi would be that it honors the Hindu Legend of young Prahalad being resented by his wicked father for being pious and God fearing. His evil aunt took Prahalad away and tried to burn him in a fire, but instead she was burnt. Hindus celebrate Holi in merriment of squirting coloured water on friends, family members, distributing and eating sweets with other foods. Additionally, the night before worshippers light a bonfire that signifies the burning of evil. Navratri: The significance of Navratri would be that it is the festival of honoring different Gods (Durga who is the manifestation of Navratri, Lakshmi, and Saraswati). Durga washes away laziness and evil thoughts when worshipped, and after this occurs puja is offered to Lakshmi (goddess of wealth and good fortune), while the final three nights are dedicated to Saraswati (goddess of knowledge and learning). The tenth day is Vijayadasami, Day of Victory. Hindus celebrate it with Puja, ritual cleansing with water, etc.. Pg 154#1,14 1.​ Three of Hinduism’s most popular beliefs would be in Atman, Reincarnation, and Maya. Hindus believe that the Atman is the Human soul, the part of the innermost self that is identical to Brahman. A Hindu's goal would be to unite the Atman with the Brahman. Additionally, Hindus also believe in reincarnation, in which the soul does not die along with the body, but enters another body to carry on its existence. The endless cycle of reincarnation is called Samsara. Lastly Hindus believe in Maya in which the physical world we live in is temporary, everchanging and artificial (imperfect world and life in it is considered meaningless 14. Vegetarianism is growing in popularity due to religious beliefs like Hinduism in which they want to have attributes of cows (Cow is sacred to Hindus) with its vegetarian nature. Additionally, some people choose to become vegetarian due to health specific reasons due to the fact that some meats like beef, pork, etc.. are known to cause health concerns if they are not eaten in moderation. Lastly people could choose to be vegetarian due to ethical reasons in which they don’t want animals to suffer and be killed to be used for their food (belief in animal welfare). In general others are maybe just vegetarians just because they do not like the taste of meat. Some positive aspects of being vegetarian are the health benefits, the protection of the environment by also reducing Carbon Footprint (more energy used to create meaty foods) and keeping animals alive, and reduces cost of not paying extra for meat. Some negative aspects of being vegetarian would be having nutritional and vitamin deficiencies like protein, iron, etc.., it is more difficult to dine out since being vegetarian means going against social norms, meal planning would require more time and effort, and lastly specialized vegetarian dishes or meals would be more costly. BUDDHISM Pg 168 168.1) Buddha was born into royalty. His birth was considered miraculous like many other founders. Buddha was conceived when Siddhartha descended from heaven and entered his mother’s womb as a baby white elephant, a symbol of purity. His mother could see him in the womb and gave birth to him on the full moon day of May, holding onto a tree. It is believed that the tree lowered its branches to assist her and water poured from the sky to wash mother and son, although Buddha was already clean. He took 7 steps and said this was his last birth. Unlike other founders, Buddha was fully conscious. His birth is similar to Jesus because his conception could be considered a divine miracle where many supernatural events occurred. Like Prophet Muhammad, Buddha was born into a wealthy and powerful family. 168.4) Buddha accepted reincarnation, samsara, karma, dharma and nirvana. He rejected the caste system because of the power imbalances with the Brahmins and it contradicted Buddhist equality. He believed people shouldn’t be dictated by Brahmins and seek their own spiritual fulfillment. He objected to rituals, believing them to be insignificant and didn’t like how the Brahmins could collect money from them. Questions and theories about creation were futile and religion should be practical and free of mystical obsession. Sanskrit was a language barely anyone spoke so Buddha did not approve of the power imbalances that resulted from it. Buddha preached in Pali because it was the common language, giving it accessibility to all. Finally, Buddha did not agree with Hinduism in that nirvana could only be achieved after thousands of lifetimes and being born into the Brahmin caste. He thought that made attaining nirvana impossible and said nirvana could be achieved in one lifetime, regardless of societal position and through self effort. P. 187 187.2) Meditation is used as a method of prayer for Buddhists, consisting of bowing, chanting and receiving offerings. Meditation leads one to wisdom which in turn leads to the end of suffering. This practice allows a person to remain calm and composed and follow the precepts more closely. The purpose and significance of meditation is to improve concentration and clear the mind of impure thoughts. It is believed that meditation leads to inner peace and ultimately enlightenment. It is performed by sitting in a lotus posture with legs crossed and hands in lap. Posture must be straight and the focus must be on one’s breathing and then onto objects and ideas. This would appeal to contemporary Canadians as it allows people with busy lives to take momentary breathers throughout each day just to reflect on themselves and achieve a kind of inner peace. Modern life is very stressful and weighs heavy on the mind, so having the opportunity to clear it is important. It might also lead to Canadians using meditation to improve skills such as concentration and discipline. 187.3) Karma refers to the totality of one’s actions and the accumulation of good karma will allow one to reach enlightenment to attain nirvana. You can accumulate good karma by following the 5 precepts and living an overall good life with strong morals. You should also follow the 8 fold path of righteousness which also consists of a set of moral guidelines to guide one to leading a fulfilling life. Treating yourself, the people around you and your environment with compassion and kindness is crucial towards gaining good karma. You must take initiative to be a force of good and do good actions to others. Being a devoted follower of Buddhism who engages in regular rituals, prayer and offerings will also aid in the accumulation of good karma. I generate good karma by being kind to all people and performing acts of service to make a positive difference in my community. I treat people around me with respect because I want to be treated with respect and I seek volunteer opportunities to take the time to help others. 199.3) The major schools of Buddhism are Mahayana Buddhism found in China, Vietnam, Korea and Japan. Theravada Buddhism is found in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia. Vajrayana school is found mostly in Tibet, Bhutan and Nepal. JUDAISM Pg. 224 224.1) God made a solemn promise with Abraham in which Abraham and his bloodline must display full obedience and devotion to Him and in return they will receive access to the Promised Land, meant for the Jews to grow and nurture their population under the protection of God and ultimately become a great nation. 224.2) Moses wrote down the 10 commandments as a confirmation of the original covenant and it was rewritten on new stone tablets to replace the ones which broke. It gives more guidelines on how to withhold the original covenant from a moral standpoint. God promises prosperity in return for faith and respect and it is reaffirmed with the passing of the 10 commandments. Pg. 235 235.2) Kosher refers to the ability for something to fulfill the requirements for the Jewish dietary laws of Kashrut. Only foods that meet the dietary requirements are kosher. For example, pork, shellfish and birds of prey are not considered kosher. Under no circumstances should meat be mixed with milk. 235.3) It is important for Jewish people to observe the Sabbath as it is a celebration of the 7th day of creation in which God takes rest. It commemorates the Jewish appreciation and marvel at God’s gift of creation and encourages people to take a rest day, mirroring God’s actions, after a busy week. It is important to spend time with friends and family, relish and take in your surroundings, as well as engage in prayer and communal feasts. It allows Jewish people to not only strengthen their relationship with others via quality time, but also creates a closeness with God. 235.4) Pesach is central to Jewish life as it commemorates the liberation of Israelite slaves from Egypt by God through Moses who led them to the promised land. It mainly focuses on the final plague that God unleashed upon the Egyptians to free the slaves, namely the angel being sent to kill the Egyptian firstborns but passing over the Israelites who marked their doors with the blood of a sacrificial lamb. It is not only a day of celebration for liberation, but also a day of mourning the Jewish era of bondage. This holiday allows Jewish people to recall their roots and history and thank God for saving their ancestors from further tragedy. Stories of exodus are recounted and a large feast with symbolic foods are held. N 235.5) The most important festival is likely Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish new year that is followed by Yom Kippur. Rosh Hashanah consists of a 10 day period of repentance where Jews seek forgiveness from God as well as others. This is done through confessions either as a group or individually. It is a time for self reflection and improvement, trying to right past wrongs and apologize to the people you have hurt. Special services of prayer take place at synagogues for forgiveness and are characterized by the ritual of blowing the shofar. It is followed by the day of atonement which is the most solemn and religious day of the year. Jews must fast and refrain from drinking. There should be no signs of comfort and luxury, so refrain from hobbies, your likes, sex, games, etc. The day must be instead dedicated entirely to prayers of repentance. The emphasis on repentance in the religion overall makes this time of year one of the most important for Jews, and is the time that they must dedicate the most to God. Pg. 237 237.3) I consider someone to be mature at 21. This is because they have met most of the age restrictions by now, i.e., social media, driving, drinking, etc. It is also because they are not necessarily fresh into adulthood but have a few years of experiencing life as an adult to develop a more mature mindset. Their brain is basically almost fully developed by now and they have already received a lot of responsibility and are considered to be contributing members of society. They have completed their mandatory education (past high school) and are either already working or pursuing further education. They are also living according to their own standards by this time. Pg. 238 238.1) The Torah is the first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible (Pentateuch) and contains Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy. It means “law” but more accurately is “teaching” or “instruction”. It refers to the law of Moses and essentially the entire belief system of the Jewish faith. 238.2) Midrash = commentary on the scriptures Nevi’im = prophets Ketuvim = writings Christianity Page 275 #1 The five important beliefs of Christianity from the Nicene Creed are the Creation. God created the whole universe. Christians believe in the same God as Jews. They believe that there is only one God who rules all creation, who is merciful and forgiving, and who loves his people who may approach him through prayer. The holy trinity, the Father, holy spirit, and Son, are all bound together as one God. The Holy Spirit is believed to be the life-giving presence of God that helps. Christians to live faithful lives and continue the work that Jesus began. The Holy Spirit enters into believers, dwelling there and energizing them, just as the apostles experienced at Pentecost. Salvation and eternal life Christians believe that through Christ's death, God has forgiven us for our original sins and to obtain eternal light in heaven. On the last day of judgement, Christians believe and by the time the world comes to an end, Christ will come down and make the final judgement about who will join him in heaven depending on how they behave in their life. Page 284 #4 Chi-rho is the symbol that represents Christ because the symbols look like P and X and are the first two letters of the Greek word which means Christ. It was one of the early symbols in Christianity that were of vestments and other religious objects. The fish symbol came from the bible where Christ says “Follow me and I will make you fishers of men,”(Mark 1:17). Making is a symbol in Christianity also because it was a secret sign by Christians to identify themselves to one another during periods of persecution. The cross reminds Christians that this cruel death was for human salvation. It symbolizes the Christian belief that God loved the people of the world so much that he offered his son for the sake of humanity. Page 305 #1,5 1)​ Purgatory is a temporary state in which souls exist until they are cleansed of sin and can enter heaven. Papal infallibility is a Roman Catholic doctrine. This means the pope cannot make mistakes when teaching about the faith or morals. Sanctification that is purification from sin, through obedience to the Ten Commandments of the Old Testament. 5) The controversy of the filioque clause was that the eastern church wanted the addition of "and the son" in the creed to help understand the trinity but the western church argued against that saying that it would disrupt the balance of the person's trinity and change the nature of God. The effects of the two churches not coming together led to a separation between the two churches Page 310 #2 2)Both Jews as well ad Christians believe in the same God the one of Abraham and that there is only one God that exists, they believe that God is the creator of the universe a supreme being. They both believe that God is forgiving and slow to anger and the covenant God and the 10 commandments Islam Page 331 #1 1)The Shahadah is a central belief for Muslims because it is their creed that there is no God but only the one God and that the prophet Muhammad is his messenger it is also the first pillar of Islam. Page 340 #2 2)​ I did not do the first one because it is the answer for the question above. The Shahadah is a central belief for Muslims because it is their creed that there is no God but only the one God and that the prophet Muhammad is his messenger it is also the first pillar of Islam. The second pillar of Islam is Salat which is five times of daily prayer at dawn, mid-day, late afternoon, after sunset, and after dark. The third pillar is Zakat which is almsgiving where Muslims should give at least a percent of their wheat to the poor. The fourth pillar is Sawm which is the mandatory fasting done mainly during the month of Ramadan. Finally, the last pillar is Hajj which is the pilgrimage to Makkah that every Muslim should do once in their lifetime Page 354#2 2)A hijab is a head covering worn by women to be faithful to the Quran which says women should dress modestly some women might choose to wear the Hijab not only because of what the Quran tells them but also because it is a sign of liberation and pride in their faith and culture and perhaps because it helps them maintain a Muslim identity. Some women also wear the Hijab because they believe it would not attract unwanted attention to their body. Page 355 It is exactly as the a chart for the key people in the textbook so i took a screenshot of it instead of typing it out Islam origins : The Arabian Peninsula, Beliefs are the 5 pillars of Islam, The day judgment they believe in one God who they believe the true name is Allah, God is the creator and master of all rules over heaven and earth nothing moves without his knowledge and permission. Christianity originated in jerusalem, Beliefs : They have the same view of God and Islam but they also believe that Christ is the son of God the messiah, the trinity which is God as the Father, son and holy spirit and the apostles or Nicene creed. Judaism originated in Israel, has the same beliefs in God as Christianity and Islam. They believe that the Jew are Gods chosen people and that there will be a Messiah who will come to save them. Islam Christianity Judaism Similarities They all are monotheistic religions. Originate from the middle east They all believe that Abraham influenced the people at the time to abandon idolatry They believe that Moses received the 10 commandment from God and saw God's law with the people They all believe in heaven, hell and the day of judgement. The all have creeds Shahada fro Islam, Shema for Judaism, nicene or apostles creed for Christianity They all have sacred places of worship They all believe in the old testament, the Torah, the first five books Differences