World Religions Exam Review PDF

Exam Breakdown /80 Marks Part A: Multiple Choice ( 20 marks) Part B: Short Answer (20 marks) Part C: Extended Response (40 marks) Part A: Secularism: no spiritual affiliation (secular culture - the beginning of the separation between ch...

Exam Breakdown /80 Marks Part A: Multiple Choice ( 20 marks) Part B: Short Answer (20 marks) Part C: Extended Response (40 marks) Part A: Secularism: no spiritual affiliation (secular culture - the beginning of the separation between church and state) Indigenous: Medicine Wheel Teachings: question example - what specific direction is associated with…? ​ The East: spring, as it represents the spring of life, honours life and everything it gives us ​ The South: summer, we are reminded to look after our spirits by finding balance within ourselves and paying attention to what our spirit is telling us ​ The West: Autumn, the end of our physical journey and crossing back into the spiritual world, recognizing that as old thoughts and feelings die, new ones emerge ​ The North: Winter, the resting period where we need to nurture and take care of our body Indigenous Rituals: ​ Potlatch: celebrates a special event (marriage, birth, death) by showing a rank in status, giving blankets, beadwork, or crafts to family, friends, or visitors, and performing ceremonial dancing and singing. The more you give, the more prestigious you are. ​ Sundance: renews people's dedication to the Great Spirit. This dance always faces a central cottonwood tree and people bring gifts and then do a purifying sweat lodge. Celebrated during the full moon, lasts 4 days and involves dancing, fasting and piercing the body when dancing to tear away the piercing. ​ Smudging: removes negative thoughts and feelings to improve health and wellbeing. Cleansing smoke helps purify people and places before significant celebrations. Medicines are burnt in an abalone shell, shell= water, medicines=earth, burning=fire, smoke=air ​ Powwow: dance of renewal for restoration of right relationships and the healing of all creation to celebrate identity, heritage and language. Takes place in a circle blessed by a spiritual leader and the space in the middle is holy. Enter from the east and move clockwise, The drum beat symbolizes the beat of the heart Grandfather Teachings: question example - the grandfather teaching that focuses on _____ is? 1.​ Love: knowing love is to know peace 2.​ Respect: a way to honour creation is by showing respect 3.​ Bravery: facing a problem with integrity is a true demonstration of bravery 4.​ Truth: truth is knowing our cultural teachings, gives us the ability to act without regret 5.​ Honesty: facing a situation is to be brave, but having the courage to not only do the right thing but also say it is honesty 6.​ Humility: humility is to know that we are a part of creation, we are equal to every person 7.​ Wisdom: the mixture of these teachings, combined with the experiences of life, is what we refer to as wisdom along with intelligence and knowledge Hindu: Moksha: liberation from the cycles of life death and rebirth Ahimsa: nonviolence, principle of not causing harm to other living things Karma: what you do in this life affects your future lives, how someone is reborn is decided by their karma, required to do good dharma to get good karma (good deeds), effects of good karma=reincarnation Path of Knowledge(Raja): apart of the three yogas, if not multiple choice talk about in short answer ​ Because the illusion of the material world is strong, Hindus train their minds to see the world as it truly is, the best training is through meditation ​ In this sense, knowledge is the spiritual quest for knowledge and truth ​ Hindus who follow this path study with a guru Buddhism: Noble Eightfold Path: question example - which of the following is not one of the eight teachings? 1.​ Right thinking: we need a blueprint to guide us through life, in this case, the blueprint is the four noble truths 2.​ Right Intention: adopt the correct attitude to continue on a path of mental, moral and physical discipline, don't cause harm to others and have good thoughts to have a good character 3.​ Right speech: we will be respected and trusted so we should not criticize, use harsh language, or gossip 4.​ Right action/behaviour/conduct: to behave well, not kill, steal or be promiscuous 5.​ Right livelihood: follow a way of earning a living that does not harm others (avoiding butchering, lending of money, trading weapons or liquor) 6.​ Right effort: avoid all evil thoughts and strive to have good thoughts, people must always do their best and have goodwill 7.​ Right mindfulness: remain focused on the present moment and recognize things as they are beyond personal attachments 8.​ Right meditation/concentration: The final step involves focusing the mind on one thought or object at a time this leads to peace of mind and tranquillity. Deep meditation will lead to enlightenment Five Precepts: 1.​ Avoid killing or harming living beings 2.​ Avoid stealing 3.​ Avoid improper sexual conduct 4.​ Avoid false speech (telling lies and gossiping) 5.​ Avoid taking alcohol and harmful drugs Life of the Buddha: Siddhartha Gautama lived a life of youth, beauty and luxury and at 29 wanted to experience something different. When he went out he experienced 4 sights, a sick man, an ascetic man, a funeral/death, and old age. Nirvana: achieving enlightenment (no pain or suffering), completely liberated from suffering (this can happen while you are still alive), buddha says you can achieve this by detaching yourself from the things you have (living the middle way- between a luxurious life and a poor one) Judaism: Shema: a declaration of faith in one god (passage from the Torah Deuteronomy 6: 4-9) Symbols of Judaism:  ​ Yom Kippur: holiest day of the year in Judaism. It is a day of purification of forgiving the sins of others to you and your sins to god. They celebrate by fasting for the whole day and devoting their time to prayer. ​ Rosh Hashanah: the Jewish New Year and marks having a fresh start. Jewish people are not expected to work and need to reflect on the past year. The celebration involves candle lighting, festive meals, and the tashlich ceremony. ​ Hanukkah: the Jewish festival of lights. It lasts 8 days and symbolizes the rededication of the temple. There is a nightly menorah lighting along with singing songs and making food. Name for the first five books of the Hebrew Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, these five books put together are called the Pentateuch Christianity: The Filioque Clause: “and the son” added to the Nicene creed, added to indicate that the trinity is all connected and that the holy spirit proceeds from the Father, the Son and the holy spirit Pentecost: the day the apostles received the holy spirit, also known as the birthday of the Christian church, the apostles were empowered to go out and start evangelizing on this day Events and key people of the Protestant Reformation: ​ John Calvin: founder of the presbyterian church (Calvinism). Calvinism stresses purification from sin through following the Ten Commandments. Members are taught to value integrity, sincerity and hard work and there is a strong focus on singing. Baptism is the only sacrament. ​ Martin Luther: a priest who had many problems with the catholic church, he posted 95 of these problems on the door of a church in Germany. Some of these issues include that he thought humans should be saved by only faith and not good works and the church's sale of indulgences. He was then excommunicated from the church. ​ king henry the 8th: created anglicanism. The formation of the church was extremely political as he wanted his marriage with Catherine annulled or made void and the catholic church would not allow it. For this reason, he left the church and formed Anglicanism. They do not recognize the authority of the pope and instead recognize the king as the head. Islam: Pillars of Islam: question example - the pillar of Islam that focuses on ___? ​ Shahada: to declare one’s faith in God and belief in Muhammad ​ Salat: to pray five times a day (dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset and evening) ​ Zakat: to give to those in need ​ Sawm: to fast during Ramadan ​ Hajj: to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during one's lifetime if able Jihad: struggle, spiritual struggle to connect closer to god, the physical struggle you have to connect to other people ​ Christians are different than Muslims bc we believe in turning the cheek but Muslims believe an eye for an eye ​ extremists manipulate this concept to justify the bad things they do ​ it says to never use it as a way to force your ways on others Ramadan: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) stressed, "Eat suhoor, for there is a blessing in it" (Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim). Suhoor is a blessed meal that keeps Muslims going throughout their day of fasting. Ramadan marks the beginning of the daily fast where you renew the intentions of fasting and seek the blessings of Allah. It is a time of joy and gratitude for muslims. They wake up before dawn to partake in suhoor then they have a day of fasting which is broken at dawn with dates and water. Part B: Teachings on compassion and empathy in each religion: Christianity: The Good Samaritan: emphasizing the importance of showing love and kindness to all people even our enemies. Even though the son betrayed his father and took advantage, his father still accepted him when he came back home because he had unconditional love for his son. Islam:Zakat: to give to those in need Ethical guidelines in each religion: Islam: The 5 Pillars of Islam -​ Shahada (Faith): Belief in the oneness of God. -​ Salat (Prayer): Performing the five daily prayers. -​ Zakat (Almsgiving): Giving a portion of wealth to the needy. -​ Sawm (Fasting during Ramadan). -​ Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca). Buddhism: Noble Eightfold Path: Right thinking: we need a blueprint to guide us through life, in this case, the blueprint is the four noble truths Right Intention: adopt the correct attitude to continue on a path of mental, moral and physical discipline, don't cause harm to others and have good thoughts to have a good character Right speech: we will be respected and trusted so we should not criticize, use harsh language, or gossip Right action/behaviour/conduct: to behave well, not kill, steal or be promiscuous Right livelihood: follow a way of earning a living that does not harm others (avoiding butchering, lending of money, trading weapons or liquor) Right effort: avoid all evil thoughts and strive to have good thoughts, people must always do their best and have goodwill Right mindfulness: remain focused on the present moment and recognize things as they are beyond personal attachments Right meditation/concentration: The final step involves focusing the mind on one thought or object at a time this leads to peace of mind and tranquillity. Deep meditation will lead to enlightenment Teachings of non-violence in each religion: Hinduism & Buddhism: Ahimsa - The Ethical principle of not causing harm to living things. is the standard by which all actions are judged. -​ The practice of ahimsa requires that one not kill any animal life. This is why many Hindus are Vegetarian Christianity: The rule of turning the other cheek, God teaches us to live our life with love and forgiveness so, when someone hurts us we should not seek revenge but we should pray for them and try to help them reach a new life with God. Beliefs of prayer and/or meditation in each religion Hinduism: Path of Knowledge(Raja): apart of the three yogas, Because the illusion of the material world is strong, Hindus train their minds to see the world as it truly is, the best training is through meditation. In this sense, knowledge is the spiritual quest for knowledge and truth. Hindus who follow this path study with a guru Christianity: prayer is one of the central practices in Christianity. It includes personal prayers and liturgical prayers. We pray for strength, forgiveness, guidance and thanks. Every Sunday, Christians attend church and have the host to purify the body in the house of God. -​ Teachings on suffering and meaning in each religion Buddhism: Nirvana: achieving enlightenment (no pain or suffering), completely liberated from suffering (this can happen while you are still alive), buddha says you can achieve this by detaching yourself from the things you have (living the middle way- between a luxurious life and a poor one) Christianity: in Christianity, Jesus died on the cross as an action of forgiveness and a way to end our suffering. His crucifixion shows that he shares our suffering and offers us redemption for our sins. We are called to find meaning in our suffering by trusting in God and the path he has set for us. -​ Concepts of the afterlife in each religion Hinduism: Reincarnation: when you die your soul goes on to live in another person, animal or being. Where it goes depends on how you live your life. This process of reincarnation is called samsara which is the wheel of life (law of birth, death and rebirth) Christianity: we believe that one will either go to heaven or hell based on their actions on earth (eternal life destiny) -​ Key rituals in each religion (comparing 2 together) Christianity: Baptism: receives new life in Christ, takes away original sin. Symbolizes purification and entering into the faith. Judaism: Circumcision: a ritual required to enter a male baby into the Jewish faith. This ritual also represents the covenant between god and the Jewish child and strengthens that relationship. Part C: -​ What key teachings do all religions have in common? Study your CPT to help you review for this part. (CPT CHART) I believe in the power of compassion, generosity and justice. These help us uphold our duty to care for others and bring kindness into the world. I believe we should honour the life in which we are all connected by giving to those in need and uplifting them during difficult times. We can contribute to this cause by volunteering at shelters and donating money and clothes. I believe in the value of every person rooted in love, tranquillity, and humility. Through acts of self-restraint, mindfulness, and awareness, I seek inner peace and acknowledge all strengths and weaknesses. By embracing divine purpose, I honour my worth on this earth by focusing on habits of benefit, like meditating to repair my connection with a higher power. I believe in honouring the creation provided for us all. In doing so, I will live through reflection, practice non-harm, and seek justice for all. I strive to nurture the world through respect, austerity, and the right livelihood. This includes ensuring the environment around me is clean and doing my part to limit pollution to provide much-needed care to all creatures around me.