Week+5+-+IT+Era.pdf

I N F O R M AT I O N A G E Week 2 2 TOPICS o Information Age o Digital Age o New Media Age 3 W H AT I S T H E I N F O R M AT I O N A G E ? o The Information Age is the idea that access to and the control of information is the defining characteristic o...

I N F O R M AT I O N A G E Week 2 2 TOPICS o Information Age o Digital Age o New Media Age 3 W H AT I S T H E I N F O R M AT I O N A G E ? o The Information Age is the idea that access to and the control of information is the defining characteristic of this current era in human civilization. o The Information Age -- also called the Computer Age, the Digital Age and the New Media Age -- is coupled tightly with the advent of personal computers. But many computer historians trace its beginnings to the work of the American mathematician Claude E. Shannon, known as the "father of Information Theory." 4 O R I G I N O F T H E I N F O R M AT I O N A G E o In 1948, at age 32 and as a researcher at Nokia Bell Laboratories, Shannon published a landmark paper proposing that information can be quantitatively encoded as a series of ones and zeroes. o Shannon showed how all information media, from telephone signals to radio waves to television, could be transmitted without error using this single framework. 5 M I L E S T O N E S O F T H E I N F O R M AT I O N A G E o By the 1970s, with the development of the Internet by the United States Department of Defense and the subsequent adoption of personal computers a decade later, the Information, or Digital, Revolution was underway. 6 M I L E S T O N E S O F T H E I N F O R M AT I O N A G E o More technological changes, such as the development of fiber optic cables and faster microprocessors, accelerated the transmission and processing of information. The World Wide Web, used initially by companies as an electronic billboard for their products and services, morphed into an interactive consumer exchange for goods and information. Electronic mail (email), which permitted near-instant exchange of information, was widely adopted as the primary platform for workplace and personal communications. 7 M I L E S T O N E S O F T H E I N F O R M AT I O N A G E o The digitization of information has had a profound impact on traditional media businesses, such as book publishing, the music industry, and -- more recently -- the major television and cable networks. As information is increasingly described in digital form, businesses across many industries sharpened their focus on how to capitalize on the Information Age. 8 W H AT I S D I G I TA L A G E ? o The Digital Age, refers to a historical era and information technology-based economy originating in the twentieth century. It is marked by a rapid transition from the industrialized economy brought about by the Industrial Revolution to a knowledge-based economy. o The Digital Age intersects with the Internet Age, which describes the time since the public first had access to the Internet, as well as the fundamental changes it brought about in terms of information availability and worldwide communication. 9 D I G I TA L A G E T I M E L I N E o There have been many technological developments that led to the era that we currently live in. Below is a timeline of the major developments in almost every decade of the Digital Age. o 1940s: this was the beginning of the discipline of information science. o Late 1940s: universities, the military, and companies created computer systems to digitally copy and automate previously done mathematical operations by hand. o 1970s: the Altair Microcomputer Kit, the first home computer, was released. The video game console, the first coin-operated video games, and the heyday of arcade video games all came into existence. 10 D I G I TA L A G E T I M E L I N E o 1980s: computers entered semi-ubiquity (almost everywhere) as people brought them into homes, businesses, and industries. o Late 1980s - 1990s: Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, which became publicly accessible. The Internet quickly spread, entered popular culture, and many companies mentioned websites in their advertisements. Despite their invention, phones were not widely used. 11 D I G I TA L A G E T I M E L I N E o 2000s: cell phones outpaced phones of the 90s in terms of technological advancement and became as commonplace as computers. Text messaging exploded in popularity. The developing world became heavily involved in the digital revolution. o 2010s to the present: both smartphone use and console ownership increased in popularity. The number of individuals using the Internet expanded dramatically over time, reaching 63.5% of the global population today. The use of cloud computing became widespread. 12 F E AT U R E S O F T H E D I G I TA L A G E New Technology and Society o One of the central features of the digital age is referred to as new technology. o Every day, people create new, small-scale technology. The majority are minor upgrades to already-developed technologies. However, they occasionally create a technology that has a significant impact on human life. The phrase "new technology" mostly refers to these advances. The printing press was a novel invention in the year 500. Computers, satellites, and the Internet are the three main components of modern technology for us. 13 F E AT U R E S O F T H E D I G I TA L A G E New Technological Networks o The internet and other networks enable communication and interaction between numerous machines and people, all over the world. o This is the result of the dramatic evolution of communications. Face-to-face speaking or written notes passed from person to person used to be some of the only means of communication. Today, we can message, call, learn about world events in real time, and access all forms of media in a matter of moments. 14 F E AT U R E S O F T H E D I G I TA L A G E Mobility Due to New Technology o Digital tools and the internet have allowed us to carry out activities such as employment or social engagement from any location while remaining mobile, e.g., remote working. Where international travel used to be extremely difficult and/or inaccessible, it is now possible for almost anyone to travel the entire world in a few hours, thanks to affordable and widely available air travel. 15 F E AT U R E S O F T H E D I G I TA L A G E Consumerization Due to New Technology o In the past, businesses typically purchased equipment that was unreachable for the average customer. For instance, the first computers were extremely expensive mainframes and supercomputers. o As the years passed, consumer-level computers improved to the point where businesses stopped using specialized business computers in favor of consumer models. Numerous businesses are likely to experience this consumerization process. 16 F E AT U R E S O F T H E D I G I TA L A G E Misinformation and Disinformation Due to New Technology o The internet enables everyone to take part in the global exchange of information and opinion. This offers a significant alternative to the domination of big media firms but also permits the quick spread of false and misleading information. 17 F E AT U R E S O F T H E D I G I TA L A G E New Technology and Globalization o Globalization is the blending of systems, economies, communities, and politics beyond geographical boundaries. As a medium for communication and shared experience, the internet significantly speeds up this lengthy process. o The result of this is not only cultural diffusion but cultural leveling, which is the process by which cultures become increasingly similar to each other. Globalized capitalism brings Western culture as well as technology to other parts of the world. For instance, Japan has incorporated elements of both Western and Eastern traditions into its culture by embracing capitalism and Western fashion and music. 18 F E AT U R E S O F T H E D I G I TA L A G E Security Concerns Due to New Technology o Information security is becoming almost as crucial as physical security as economies, society, companies, and people grow more and more reliant on technology. The rapid speed of progress in information technology also tends to expose technologies to cybercrime and cyber warfare. 19 W H AT I S T H E N E W M E D I A A G E ? o The “new media age” refers to the development of interactive technologies that began during the late 20th century and has continued into the 21st century. o Various forms of new media have emerged from the Internet since it first became widely-available in homes during the mid to late 1990s, including blogs, Internet video and other social networking tools. 20 W H AT I S T H E N E W M E D I A A G E ? o The new media age also encompasses cellular technologies and applications that are compatible with the Internet and its various platforms of interactivity. o The new media age has especially changed the way people look at such issues as privacy, social interaction, and access to information. 21 W H AT I S T H E N E W M E D I A A G E ? o For better or worse, the new media age has changed the way people communicate, most noticeably by minimizing face-to-face communication. o What started out as simply “emailing” has expanded into multiple other forms of electronic communication, including instant messaging, texting, Tweeting ™, and blogging. o These increasingly quicker and shorter forms of communication have given rise to a type of shorthand abbreviation also known as “text lingo.” Some criticize that this new language is negatively affecting people’s spelling and grammar abilities, particularly those who haven’t yet been educated in correct spelling and grammar. 22 W H AT I S T H E N E W M E D I A A G E ? o The new media age has also made information more easily and quickly accessible for both individuals and major organizations. Large news networks are frequently employ such new media tools as Twitter, Google, and Wikipedia to source and verify the most up-to-the-minute stories from around the world. o Independent news bloggers, also known as “citizen journalists,” have carved a niche in the new media age by reporting on stories in real-time and often without the political biases typically attached to left-wing and right-wing news conglomerates. 23 EVOLUTION OF NEW MEDIA 24 NEW MEDIA: NEW PROBLEMS o Multi Identity o Cyber Crime o Collapse of Traditional Economic Models o Privacy Issues o Hate Speech 25 NEW MEDIA: NEW HORIZONS o Virtual Socialization o Cyber Entrepreneurship o New Business Models o Global Political Organizations and Movements 26 NEW MEDIA: NEW FORMS & CONTENTS 27 NEW MEDIA: NEW JOBS 28 NEW MEDIA: FUTURE T H A N K YO U