PS101 EE Exam Review - PDF

PS101 EE Exa m Rev ie w November 3rd, 2023  AGENDA 01 02 03 04 EXIT TICKET EXAM CONTENT JEOPARDY QUESTIONS DETAILS REVIEW  Exit Ticket Questions - Is the difference between episodic and...

PS101 EE Exa m Rev ie w November 3rd, 2023  AGENDA 01 02 03 04 EXIT TICKET EXAM CONTENT JEOPARDY QUESTIONS DETAILS REVIEW  Exit Ticket Questions - Is the difference between episodic and semantic memory that episodic is really just memory tied to emotion whereas semantic is non-emotional facts? - Why exactly did the island group perform better than the vowel group? - At what point does a process transition from effortful to automatic processing? - I always thought that people remember what they want to remember based on importance. Does this not matter?  Exam Details - On paper and scantron, in classroom - Please arrive a few minutes early. - 50 minutes, 50 multiple choice questions - Please follow instructions carefully like last time (sit in every other seat, fill out name in all caps, bubble in version 1 or version 2). - Bring a pencil or two! - No electronic devices allowed, including smartwatches. - Don’t cheat! It’s not worth it and results in an automatic F.  ta lk : Ho w d id y o u s tu d y for Turn & ? D id y o u u se a n y h e lpfu l the exam memory aids?  Consciousness - Characteristics: - Dynamic - Self-reflective - Private - Freud: - (1) preconscious - memories that you can access but are not currently in use - (2) conscious - (3) unconscious - same concept as “subconscious”  Sleep - Circadian Clock - Synchronizing biological processes with the day-night cycle - Sleep Stages - Characteristics & type of brain waves at each stage - Brain activity and characteristics of REM sleep - Theories of why we sleep - Restoration Model - Evolutionary/Circadian Model - Theories of why we dream - Wish fulfillment (Freud) - Manifest vs Latent content - Cognitive-Process - Activation Synthesis  Study these tables! You won’t need to know the cps #s for each stage, but be sure to study the characteristics of each Sleep Stages stage and the types of brain waves at each stage  REM Sleep Characterized by: - Rapid and random eye movements - Fast and irregular breathing - Increased heart rate - Vivid, frequent dreams (75% of our dreams) - High arousal - Brain activity - Increased Limbic System activity - Increased visual cortex activity - Decreased prefrontal cortex activity - Motor cortex active but blocked Sleep Theories Restoration Model Evolutionary/Circadian Model Each species evolved a sleep- Sleep recharges bodies wake pattern that increased and allows recovery its chances of survival in from mental and relation to environmental physical fatigue demands Dream Theories Wish Fulfillment Cognitive-Process Activation-Synthesis Freud Dreams and waking Dreams are merely the thoughts are produced byproduct of neural Getting gratification of by the same systems in activity. unconscious desires and needs the brain and involve processes (e.g., rapid shifts Brain synthesizes ”best Manifest content in content) that are more fit” story in response to (surface) similar than we typically random neural activation realize; processing Latent content information from the (meaning) day in dreams (REM sleep, memory consolidation) Manifest vs. latent content T E NT LATENT C MANIFEST CON ONTENT Su r fa c e s t o r y Dormant; hidden be lo w the surfac e; symbolic  Drugs - Blood-Brain Barrier: Drugs work by crossing the blood-brain barrier in the neck, made up of glial cells. The blood-brain barrier is like a coffee filter, not everything gets through. - Things that can influence the effects of drugs - Dose: how much? - Set: your behavior leading up to taking the drug - Setting: your environment (familiar or unfamiliar?) - Four Classes of Psychoactive Drugs table - Types of drugs: examples, psychological effects, neurotransmitters involved Be sure to study this chart! You won’t get any tricky questions about which type of drug Marijuana falls under Drugs Make sure you study which types of hallucinogens are natural vs synthetic  Memory - False memories - Misinformation effect - Context-dependent vs state-dependent - Types of memory and functions (sensory, STM, LTM) - Working memory - phonological loops, visuospatial sketchpad, central executive) - Memory aids (mnemonic devices, method of loci, imagery, keyword technique) - Conscious/declarative memory vs. unconscious procedural memory - Amnesia - Proactive vs retroactive interference - Decay theory of forgetting - Depth of processing theory - Encoding - The role of the hippocampus - Primacy/recency effects Working Memory Phonological loop Visual-Spatial Sketchpad Central Executive Auditory storage Store of mental images Directs attention, recall and spatial information from LTM, and integration E.g., repeating phone of auditory and visual number over and over so you can write it down E.g., seeing math input addition while doing math problems These are two separate “working memory” workspaces. This is why you can read and listen to music at the same time. Primacy effect Recency effect  (conscious) Facts, have to put effort in “The episodes of your life”; to remember; how you your memory of prom, how remember who the first they played your favorite president was song  These are all different ways to encode information → LTM unintentional/min attention Intentional and conscious Focus on info meaning, Rote repetition of info, better method! not an optimal method Most effective method Levels of Processing Theory of Encoding Depth of processing: “House” example ○ Structural (shallow): One uppercase letter “H” (visual) ○ Phonemic (intermediate): “House” rhymes with “Mouse” (auditory) Lasts a little longer than visual ○ Semantic (deep): Meaning of House. We can determine that “house fits into the sentence “Wanna come over to my ___ to study” because we are processing the meaning of the word. Context-dependent vs. state- dependent memory NDENT STATE-DE CONTEXT-DEPE PENDENT Environment Mood/ internal s al context ta te “Aware” vs. “Unaware” Memory AWARE UNAWARE - Consciousness - Unconscious - Explicit - Implicit - Declarative - Procedural - Effortful - Automatic Retrieval processes RECOGNITION RECALL ability to a b il i t y t o recognize remembe r something somethin g you have w it h o u t