Week 3 Academic Literacy & Library Skills GH1010 2024 (PDF)

Foundations of Global Health Studies I GH 1010 Essential Academic Literacy Skills and Introduction to Library Resources Thumeka Mgwigwi [email protected] Sept. 23, 2024 (Week 3) Agend...

Foundations of Global Health Studies I GH 1010 Essential Academic Literacy Skills and Introduction to Library Resources Thumeka Mgwigwi [email protected] Sept. 23, 2024 (Week 3) Agenda for today Doing research in the age of Artificial Intelligence Types of publications Literature reviews Keyword strategies for searching Finding published literature Citing your sources Finding help Demonstration Wrap-up  Doing research in the age of Artificial Intelligence York’s policy on use of AI and your syllabus − https://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/policies/policies/academic-conduct-policy-and- procedures/ − Using AI-based tools like ChatGPT for academic work in a course where the instructor has not authorized its use constitutes a breach of academic conduct − If your instructor has authorized the use of any AI-based tools within a course, you must correctly cite or acknowledge its use. Failing to do so would also be a breach of academic conduct AI’s ”hallucination” effect (real life example) − If it’s too good to be true… Be aware of where AI ”mines” its content − https://hls.harvard.edu/today/does-chatgpt-violate-new-york-times-copyrights/ Over-reliance on AI = less use of your critical thinking skills Library resources − https://researchguides.library.yorku.ca/c.php?g=679413&p=5316500 Primary vs. Secondary Sources Primary sources Secondary sources − First-hand information – no − Research has been conducted to research necessary to produce. produce the source. Examples Examples are newspapers; include academic books; some government documents; academic journals; conference personal letters you will usually papers, etc. find in archives; autobiographies, − Always provides a list of etc. references that have been used − No list of references at the end − Can also be classified as peer- of an article reviewed or academic like − Can also be classified as popular Journal of Global Health; publications like Time magazine; Reimagining global health: an Maclean’s introduction Literature review What is a literature review? A survey or review of literature that has been published (mostly academic/scholarly) and is relevant to your area or topic of research Why conduct a literature review? Situate your argument or research question in the context of published research Inform the reader of the key researchers on the topic Inform the reader of the strengths and limitations of previous research Show the path of prior research and how your current project/research is linked Learn from others and stimulate new ideas Organizes common findings together More information: https://researchguides.library.yorku.ca/c.php?g=679425&p=4789890  Sample literature review from: Lambert, C. A., & Donovan, J. (2016). College health care providers' student-centered care. The Qualitative Report, 21(10), 1979-1998. Exercise 1: You’ve been asked to use academic/scholarly sources for an assignment on mental health. Which two of these sources would you use and why? 1. Why Won't Employees Use Their Companies' 3. Learning About the Current State of Digital Mental Health Benefits? As businesses expand their Mental Health Interventions for Canadian Youth benefits, they are looking for new ways to overcome to Inform Future Decision-Making: Mixed workers' resistance. Oliver, Suzanne. Wall Street Methods Study. Kemp, Jessica; Chorney, Jill; Journal (Online); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 29 Kassam, Iman; MacDonald, Julie; MacDonald, Oct 2021. Tara; et al. Journal of Medical Internet Research; Toronto (Oct 2021) 2. Mental health and intellectual disability: Implications for global mental health Bertelli, Marco; Kishore, M. Thomas. In Essentials of global mental 4. Mental health advocates aim for cure; A health, by Okpaku, Samuel O (ed.). 222-230, neuroscience revolution is generating optimism Chapter xxi, 446 Pages. New York, NY, US: Cambridge among experts in the treatment of brain University Press, 2014 disorders. May, Kathryn. National Post; Don Mills, Ont. [Don Mills, Ont]. 07 Oct 2014: A.4. Next slide: sample academic article with references: Kemp, J., Chorney, J., Kassam, I., MacDonald, J., MacDonald, T., Wozney, L., & Strudwick, G. (2021). Learning about the current state of digital mental health interventions for Canadian youth to inform future decision-making: Mixed methods study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(10), 6.  Next slide: sample newspaper article without references: Oliver, S. (2021, Oct 29). Why Won't Employees Use Their Companies' Mental Health Benefits? As businesses expand their benefits, they are looking for new ways to overcome workers' resistance. Wall Street Journal (Online) Exercise 2: You’ve been asked to compare how a healthcare issue has been approached in different types publications. Would you use some or all of these sources? 1. Global warming is a threat to our health: South West climate scientists evaluate medical risks from hotter summers. Greenwood, Andy. The Western Morning News; Plymouth (UK) [Plymouth (UK)]. 15 Nov 2016: 1. 2. Global warming increasing deadly infectious diseases. (John Last) Canadian Press NewsWire; Toronto [Toronto]. 21 July 1996: n/a. 3. Health risks of climate change: Act now or pay later. Haines, Andy; Ebi, Kristie L; Smith, Kirk R; Woodward, Alistair. The Lancet Vol. 384, Iss. 9948, (Sep 20, 2014): 1073-1075. 4. Overview of mental health data in Canada : background, needs, and gaps (2014). Mental Health Commission of Canada. Finding background information Encyclopedias and dictionaries (OMNI) − An encyclopedia is a great source to help you understand unfamiliar concepts and its articles are short and to the point − To find subject encyclopedias and dictionaries, search OMNI § For example: type encyclopedia AND health in OMNI to find health related encyclopedias Introductory texts − Tip: search introduction to health (this is not an exact title!) to find introductory texts related to health Class notes/lectures Stay up to date with health news − TV, newspapers, online news Choosing a topic for your research Avoid a topic that is too broad Thinking about doing research on pandemics? Consider a specific one like the COVID-19; SARS; H1N1 influenza, etc. Other considerations for narrowing your topic: Geographic region Narrowing a topic to Canada, narrows it a lot! How far are you willing to go back in time? (publication dates) Age group Race and ethnicity Example: What has been the impact of COVID-19 on Canadian seniors living in long term care? Keyword strategy Academic databases find it hard to interpret full sentences when you search. They don’t think like Google Instead of searching: What has been the impact of COVID-19 on Canadian seniors living in long term care? Try searching: COVID-19 AND Canada AND seniors AND long term care OR (COVID-19 OR coronavirus) AND (seniors OR elderly) AND (“long term care”) Why we use “AND” / “OR” Tip: Always use Advanced or Multiple field search option of a database (see examples in the following slides) AND OR Connects distinct Connects similar concepts concepts Makes search specific Makes search broader Generates fewer records Generates more records Search example 1: Sociological Abstracts by ProQuest Search example 2: Global Health Database by OVID In OVID platforms use Multifield Search instead of Advanced Search Exercise 3: Is this a correct way to use your keywords for the topic: “What are the mental health challenges faced by post-secondary students in Canada and the United States”? 1. Mental health OR mental wellness OR mental wellbeing OR Canada AND North America OR United States AND Post-secondary students OR University students OR College students 2. Mental health OR mental wellness OR mental wellbeing AND Canada OR North America OR United States AND Post-secondary students OR University students OR College students What is a “good” / “relevant” article/book? Consider these criteria: Consider these criteria when picking articles: − Demographics (ethnicity, race, gender, age, sexual orientation) − Article type (peer reviewed/academic/scholarly, book review) § Book reviews are published in peer reviewed journals, but they do not go through a peer review process like research articles do − If an article is a book review always avoid it unless you want to read/use the actual book being reviewed by the article − Date of publication − Research method (qualitative, quantitative, empirical) − Geographic area (is your research only focusing on Canada or is any geographic region relevant?) Each article or book should have some of the criteria relevant to your topic, though not necessarily all Avoid plagiarism and cite your sources! Why cite your sources Acknowledge the sources you used to support your argument Show the reader you have done your research Shows you are building your knowledge base Shows respect to other researcher’s intellectual property To avoid getting in trouble! Resources for citing sources SPARK! Check the links under ‘Resources’ https://spark.library.yorku.ca/creating-bibliographies-citing-sources-part-of- academic-culture/ Guide for footnotes and bibliographies https://researchguides.library.yorku.ca/styleguides Exercise 4: Citing sources 1. Yes or No: You copied and pasted a few sentences from a free website into your paper without citing. Is this considered plagiarism? Yes 2. True or False: The guest speaker in my class last week spoke about an idea that I agree with. Since I agree with them and I am putting the idea in my own words, I do not need to cite the guest speaker. False 3. True or False: A paraphrase has quotation marks around it. False Resources and finding help Library resources: https://www.library.yorku.ca/web/ Writing skills resources: https://learningcommons.yorku.ca/#WC https://www.yorku.ca/laps/writing-centre/writing-support/drop-in-sessions/ SPARK https://spark.library.yorku.ca/ Academic Writing Guide (literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, etc.) https://researchguides.library.yorku.ca/awg AskUs https://www.library.yorku.ca/web/ask-services/ Managing your references/citations with Zotero citation management software https://researchguides.library.yorku.ca/zotero Participation Mark (2 marks) 26 Participation Mark Activity #3 Use the Boolean operator of “AND” and “OR” to develop a search strategy around a given global health issue of your choice. 1) The search strategy should combine keywords using the two Boolean operators above and at a minimum should include keywords around: a) the global health issue (and its synonyms); b) a population of interest e.g., elderly or students (and its synonyms) c) a geographical area of interest e.g., global, Canada, China (1 mark) 2) Given the search strategy that YOU have developed above, describe the kinds of records that your search strategy will return i.e., what will the records be about (1 mark). Upload your answer as a Word document to eClass by no later than Thursday, Sept. 26, 2024, at midnight. Maximum one page in length o Due in three days *Do not plagiarize or copy a search strategy from elsewhere *This must be your own work Next Week Conceptualizing, Studying, and Strengthening Health Systems (Guest Lecture) – Dr. Kerry Scott