Nursing Care of a Family from Infant to Pre-School PDF

NURSING CARE OF A FAMILY FROM INFANT TO ADOLESCENT  INFANT- GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ❖Physical growth Motor Fine motor o Weight development o Height Gross motor development o Head d...

NURSING CARE OF A FAMILY FROM INFANT TO ADOLESCENT  INFANT- GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ❖Physical growth Motor Fine motor o Weight development o Height Gross motor development o Head development Thumb Ventral circumference suspension opposition o Body proportion position Pincer grasp o Body systems Prone position o Teeth Sitting position Standing position  Development Development of senses al milestones vision Language hearing touch development taste Play smell  ASSESSING INFANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ASSESSING INFANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Physical Health Immunizations Anticipatory Guidance  NURSING DIAGNOSES: INFANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Ineffective breastfeeding related to maternal fatigue Disturbed sleep pattern (maternal) related to baby’s need to nurse every 2 hours Health-seeking behaviors related to adjusting to parenthood Delayed growth and development related to lack of stimulating environment Ineffective role performance related to new responsibilities within the family HEALTH PROMOTION: ACHIEVEMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL TASK Trust versus mistrust Met needs Routines Rituals Consistent caregiver HEALTH PROMOTION: ACHIEVEMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL TASK  HEALTH PROMOTION: PROMOTING INFANT SAFETY Aspiration prevention Fall prevention Car safety Safety with siblings Bathing and swimming safety Childproofing HEALTH PROMOTION: NUTRITIONAL HEALTH Recommended dietary allowances Introduction of solid foods Loss of extrusion reflex Techniques for feeding solid foods HEALTH PROMOTION: NUTRITIONAL HEALTH HEALTH PROMOTION: NUTRITIONAL HEALTH Quantities and types of food Cereal Vegetables and fruits Meat and eggs Table food HEALTH PROMOTION: NUTRITIONAL HEALTH Establishment of healthy eating patterns Weaning Self-feeding Adequate intake with vegetarian diet HEALTH PROMOTION: DAILY ACTIVITIES Development in daily activities Bathing Diaper-area care Dental care Dressing Sleep Exercise HEALTH PROMOTION: FAMILY FUNCTIONING Healthy family functioning Parental concerns and problems Teething Thumb sucking Use of pacifiers Head banging Sleep concerns HEALTH PROMOTION: FAMILY FUNCTIONING Parental concerns and problems Constipation Loose stools Colic Spitting up HEALTH PROMOTION: FAMILY FUNCTIONING Parental concerns and problems Diaper dermatitis Miliaria (prickly heat) Baby-bottle tooth decay syndrome Infant obesity HEALTH PROMOTION: FAMILY FUNCTIONING Family concerns with an infant with unique needs Cognitive challenge Physical challenge; chronically ill Trust versus mistrust Nutrition  TODDLER- GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Physical growth Weight, height, head circumference, and body mass index Body contour Body systems Teeth  Developmental Cognitive milestones development Language Deferred development imitation Emotional Preoperational thought development Assimilation Autonomy Socialization Play behavior ASSESSING THE TODDLER  NURSING DIAGNOSES: TODDLER GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Deficient knowledge related to best method of toilet training Risk for injury related to impulsiveness of toddler Interrupted family process related to need for close supervision of 2-year-old Readiness for enhanced family coping related to parents’ ability to adjust to new needs of child  HEALTH PROMOTION: SAFETY Accidents Poisonings Lead screening Sources Testing Effects HEALTH PROMOTION: SAFETY  HEALTH PROMOTION: NUTRITION Toddler nutrition Promoting adequate intake with vegetarian diet Sedentary children ages 1 to 3 years should consume 1,000 kcal daily; active children in this age group may need up to 1,400 kcal daily. Calories are best supplied by a variety of foods spaced into three meals a day. Protein and carbohydrate needs are often those most easily met during the toddler period; diets high in sugar should be avoided to help prevent toddler obesity.  Promoting adequate intake with vegetarian diet Fats should generally not be restricted for children under 2 years old; however, children over 2 years old should have a total fat intake between 30% and 35% of calories, with most fat coming from sources of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, such as fish, nuts, and vegetable oils, the same as adults. Trans fats should be kept to a minimum. Adequate calcium and phosphorus intake is important for bone mineralization. Milk should be whole milk until age 2 years, after which 2% milk can be introduced. HEALTH PROMOTION: DAILY ACTIVITIES Dressing Sleep Bathing Care of teeth HEALTH PROMOTION: FAMILY FUNCTIONING HEALTH PROMOTION: FAMILY FUNCTIONING HEALTH PROMOTION: FAMILY FUNCTIONING  HEALTH PROMOTION: FAMILY FUNCTIONING Concerns of a family with a toddler who has unique needs Autism spectrum disorder Nutrition and diet HEALTH PROMOTION: FAMILY FUNCTIONING  PRE-SCHOOL-GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Physical growth Developmental Height, weight, milestones body mass index, Language and head development circumference Play Teeth Emotional Emotional development development Developmental tasks Oedipus and Electra Initiative complexes Imitation Gender roles Fantasy Socialization Emotional Cognitive development development Oedipus and Electra Moral and spiritual complexes development Gender roles Socialization  PARENTAL CONCERNS DURING THE PRESCHOOL YEARS Health problems Behavior variations New sibling Fears Telling tall tales Sex education Dark Imaginary friends Choosing a preschool or Mutilation childcare center Sharing Separation or Preparing child for Regression school abandonment Sibling rivalry Broken fluency Bathroom language  ASSESSING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PRESCHOOLER NURSING DIAGNOSES FOR PRESCHOOLERS Health-seeking behaviors related to developmental expectations Risk for injury related to increased independence outside the home Delayed growth and development related to frequent illness Risk for imbalanced nutrition, more than body requirements, related to fast food choices Risk for poisoning related to maturational age of child Parental anxiety related to lack of understanding of childhood development HEALTH PROMOTION: SAFETY Keeping children safe, strong, and free Motor vehicle and bicycle safety  HEALTH PROMOTION: NUTRITION Recommended dietary reference intakes Nutritional health with vegetarian diet  HEALTH PROMOTION: DAILY ACTIVITIES Dressing Sleep Exercise Bathing Teeth Night grinding HEALTH PROMOTION: FAMILY FUNCTIONING Discipline Time-outs As many minutes as the child’s age Preparing a child for school Child readiness Parental attitude Practice Transportation Following instructions Lunch protocols Concerns with physically challenged or chronically ill preschooler Nutrition