Development Of The Internet PDF

Science, Technology and Society (STS) THE INFORMATIVE AGE (Development of the Internet)  Learning Outcomes 1. Determine the human and social impacts of the developments of the information age; 2. Illustrate how social media have affected the lives of the people....

Science, Technology and Society (STS) THE INFORMATIVE AGE (Development of the Internet)  Learning Outcomes 1. Determine the human and social impacts of the developments of the information age; 2. Illustrate how social media have affected the lives of the people. Development of the Internet  The internet has grown over the years.  It began when the first artificial earth satellite Sputnik I was launched by the Soviet Union into the space in 1957.  Development of the Internet  In 1958, US President Dwight D. Eisenhower saw the need to establish the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), a division of the US Department of Defense.  It is designed to connect networks in the US for communication in case a nuclear attack would happen. Development of the Internet  In 1962, Dr. J.C.R Licklider of MIT is chosen to head ARPA’s research to improve the military use of computer technology.  He first proposed a global network of computers and move ARPA’s contracts to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to supervise its development.  Development of the Internet  In 1965, Leonard Kleinrock developed the theory of pocket switching to form the basis of internet connections.  Lawrence Roberts connected a Massachusetts computer to a California computer through dial-up telephone lines.  Confirming Kleinrock’s theory, Roberts then moved over to DARPA in 1966 and developed his plan for ARPANET.  Development of the Internet  This is the start of the growth of the Internet in computer networks.  During the time, it was called ARPANET. ARPANET was first brought online in 1969.  Connecting four major computers at four different universities in South-western US, these are the University of California, Los Angeles; Stanford Research Institute; California Sta. Barbara; and the University of Utah.  After this, other universities and research organizations were added.  Development of the Internet This gave way to the huge success of the Internet. By the mid-1900s Internet became widely used in school, libraries, governments, companies, businesses, and banking and by individuals. Development of the Internet  In 1972, the first e-mail program was created. Ray Tomlinson was the first man who sent the first e-mail message.  He choose the @ (ampersand) symbol to link the username and address.  This is also the year when ARPA was renamed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or DARPA.  The ARPANET at this time is using the Network Control Protocol or NCP to transfer data.  Development of the Internet  The term Internet was introduced in 1974.  It is first used by Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn in the development of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet or the TCP/IP that was headed by the two.  Later, it became the standard communication between computers over the Internet.  Bob Kahn and Vinton Cerf recognized Al Gore in a paper entitled “Al Gore and the Internet.”  This is because Al Gore has supported the growth and development the Internet from the 1970s up to the present.  Development of the Internet  It was in 1974 when Dr. Robert Metcalfe developed the ethernet.  It is a protocol for many local networks that allowed data to move very rapidly through coaxial cables.  Development of the Internet  In 1976, the packet satellite project was used and the Atlantic packet Satellite Network called SATNET was born.  This is the network that linked the US to the Europe.  It was also in this year when INTELSAT satellites owned by other countries were made to share information.  Development of the Internet  In 1979, the USENET or the decentralized news group network was developed.  It is a worldwide computer network that covers up thousands of discussion groups called newsgroups.  It was used to exchange news, comments, and questions on specific topics.  USENET was made by Jim Ellis and Tom Truscott, a graduate student of Duke University.  Development of the Internet IBM introduced the BITNET or Because It’s Time Network. It is a wide area network that linked computers at different schools and institutions. BITNET was created in 1981. It is used to spread out news of developments in academic research.  Development of the Internet  The year 1983 saw the creation of Internet Activities Board or IAB, which made every machine is connected to ARPANET use TCP/IP.  Also in this year, the University of Wisconsin created Domain Name System or DNS which allowed packets to be directed to domain names, and to be translated by the server database into related IP numbers.  Development of the Internet  In 1989, a new technique in distributing information on the Internet was developed by British computer scientist Timothy Berners-Lee.  It is called the World Wide Web or WWW.  Development of the Internet  In 1990, Peter Deutsch made the first effort to index the Internet.  He created a tool called Archie. It is a tool that helps computer users locate publicly available files on the Internet.  The University of Minnesota created a system that enabled computer users to find servers and files on the Internet in 1991.  They called it Gopher. The system of all Gopher servers is called Gopherscope.  Development of the Internet  Also, in this year is when another indexing system was developed called WAIS or Wide Area Information Server.  It was developed by Brewster Kahle.  WAIS is a system that allows searches of databases on the Internet.  Development of the Internet In 1992, the Internet Society comes in an agreement, and the CERN released the World Wide Web.  The groups of National Center for Supercomputing Applications developed the first browser named Mosaic in 1993.  This browser has multiple versions which allowed the Web to be accessed from a wide variety of computer system. Mosaic became the leading navigating system for World Wide Web.  Within a year, Netscape Communications emerged. It is a commercial company that builds and sells web technologies.  Both Mosaic and Netscape Communication was developed by Marc Andreessen, a computer programmer.  Development of the Internet  In 1995, Microsoft Corporation introduced the Internet Explorer, their own and first Internet browser which allowed users to browse the World Wide Web.  At the end of 1996, there are over 61 million Internet users worldwide.  Development of the Internet  Shawn Fanning invented the Napster, which allow a user to download music over the Internet.  On May 2000, the world’s most prevalent virus was spread in the Internet world.  The VBS_LOVELETTTER script virus also known as ILOVEYOU virus attached through an e-mail around the world just a day.  It was created in the Philippines by a Filipino who was a computer programming student at that time.  Development of the Internet  In 2003, Apple Corporation introduced an online music store called iTunes Music Store which allowed computer users to purchase and download music.  The localized version of YouTube was launched in the Philippines in October 2011.  YouTube is one of the social networking sites that allow users see and upload their own videos.  It is the stepping stone of some people who has become famous here and abroad.  Development of the Internet  There are over billions of people who browse the Internet every day, there is no doubt that the Internet has rapidly expanded throughout the years.  As the Internet become increasingly accessible, social networking has grown and become popular today.  Social networking sites allow people to communicate and share interests with others in many ways.  Websites such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Flicker are examples.  They allow people of all ages share their interests with others everywhere in the world. Seatwork #2: Choose 2 Issues and write your opinion about it (5 sentences each may do.) ISSUES: The information age has significantly improved daily lives. The internet has benefitted society. Online communities are better than real communities.