Week 12: Pediatric Health and Social Groups PDF

2543 Health of families & social groups Week 12: Pediatric Clients Krissy Jordan, RN, MScN, PhD Candidate  Maintaining Health in the Context of Infant / Pediatric Clients Discuss the major components of a complete pediatric health history. Identify nursing interventio...

2543 Health of families & social groups Week 12: Pediatric Clients Krissy Jordan, RN, MScN, PhD Candidate  Maintaining Health in the Context of Infant / Pediatric Clients Discuss the major components of a complete pediatric health history. Identify nursing interventions to support care of well infant and pediatric clients and families including health risks and strategies to support health promotion. Review immunization schedule.  Everything is about age and stage Infants Toddlers Preschoolers School Age Adolescence (Astler et al., 2024)  Pediatric health history Identifying Information - Child and caregiver(s) Presenting health issue (reason for seeking care) History of present illness (OPQRSTU) Onset, Provocation/Palliation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Timing, Understanding (Patient’s perception) Past history Previous illness, injury, surgery, birth history, allergies, medications, immunizations, growth and development, habits Family medical history Family composition & health habits and genetic predispositions (Astler et al., 2024)  Pediatric health history Review of body systems Psychosocial history Sexual history Nutritional assessment (Astler et al., 2024) Erik Erikson  Infants- birth to 1 year Systems are immature... Therefore ‘assaults’ to the infant have similarly impactful implications Milestones Nutrition Assessment Immunizations (Astler et al., 2024)  Milestones Reflects neurological development Milestones: Raising head, sitting, standing, crawling, creeping, pull-to-standing, walking Need to know 'normal' to identify 'abnormal' Physical and social development (Astler et al., 2024)  NUTRITION Roughly, birth weight doubles by 5-6 months, triples by 1st birthday Breastmilk or formula for first 6 months exclusively, then introduction of solids (cereals, veg, fruit, meats) Vit D and iron supplements (cereals) Introduction of nuts, eggs, milk (Astler et al., 2024)  Assessment Vital signs Weight, length and head circumference Assessment of fontanelles Growth charts (Astler et al., 2024)  Fontanelles Posterior fontanelle- closes by 2 months Anterior fontanelle- closes between 12 and 18 months (Astler et al., 2024) GROWTH CHARTS Standardized data (percentile) Height, weight, head circumference over age Child is measured against themselves Frequency: 1-2 weeks post birth; 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 months; 2+ years – annually or at illness visits Provides visual pattern for health growth  Health Risks SIDS Interventions focus on education on injury prevention Unintentional injuries (6-12 months) planning MVC Falls Nurses are obligated Poisoning to report suspected Suffocation maltreatment of children to CPS Child maltreatment (Astler et al., 2024) Health promotion  Toddlers 12 months to 36 months of age Toddlers (12-36 months) Continued physical growth and development, and systems maturity Nutrition is more varied and sophisticated Language development Increased social development (parallel play)  Health Risks SUPERVISION! Poisoning Interventions focus Drowning on education on Lead poisoning injury prevention planning Child proof the environment Trusting relationship with parents helps gain a toddlers trust (Astler et al., 2024) toilet Training Physical and psychological readiness Sphincter control based on neurological development occurs between 18 and 24 Ability to retain urine for > 2 hours months occurs at 14 to 18 months Bladder capacity increases (Astler et al., 2024) preschooler: 3-5 years Greater maturity of systems Growth is at a slower pace Increased socialization and interactive play Great imitators (Astler et al., 2024)  Health risks Safety Supervision at all times! Helmets when bike riding (Astler et al., 2024)  Health prom0tion Vision testing Childhood Obesity Sleep disturbances (Astler et al., 2024)  SCHOOL AGE (6-12 YEARS) Physical and Social Growth Transition from family-centered life to peer and school influences Gender-based social groupings and emerging close friendships Puberty begins Self-Concept and Coping Confidence grows through task mastery; positive feedback boosts self-esteem Stress coping through problem-solving and basic defense mechanisms Health Tips Offer healthy snacks to meet growing appetites Encourage group activities like sports for teamwork and resilience (Astler et al., 2024)  Health education for School-Age Children Key Period: School years are vital for learning lifelong health behaviors Nurse's Role: Promote health through education on nutrition, physical activity, injury prevention, and substance use Topics: Sexuality: Puberty and reproduction Safety: Injury prevention, safe behaviors (e.g., seat belts, helmets) Nutrition: Healthy eating and preventing obesity Oral hygiene: Brushing, flossing, regular checkups Tobacco, drug use, alcohol: hazards of illicit use Comprehensive School Health: Promote health and well-being through school, family, and community involvement (Astler et al., 2024) Adolescence: Key Developments Age Range: 12-19 years Physical Changes: Development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics Growth spurts and body changes Cognitive Development: Enhanced abstract thinking, problem-solving Social Development: Increased independence, peer influence, and identity formation (Astler et al., 2024) Psychosocial Changes in Adolescence Identity: Adolescents form personal, gender, and vocational identities. Peer Influence: Group identity provides belonging and social learning. Family: Balance independence with family support. Moral Development: Shift from rule- following to personal values. Health: Adolescents assess health based on well-being and function. (Astler et al., 2024) Health risks Key Risks: Injuries, substance use, mental health issues, eating disorders, sexual health concerns Mental Health: Anxiety, depression—early detection is crucial Substance Use: Alcohol, cannabis, opioids—prevention needed Eating Disorders: Anorexia, bulimia, obesity—early intervention required Sexual Health: STIs, pregnancy—education and prevention essential (Astler et al., 2024) suicide Risk: Leading cause of death in adolescents Warning Signs: Withdrawal, mood changes (loneliness, sadness, crying), appetite & sleep disturbances, verbalizations of suicidal thoughts Factors: Depression, trauma, substance use Action: Immediate referral to mental health services (Astler et al., 2024) Health education for adolescents Focus: Promote healthy habits—nutrition, exercise, sleep, stress management Programs: Target mental health, substance use, sexual health Approach: Build trust, ensure confidentiality Prevention: School and community-based programs (Astler et al., 2024)