World Religions Exam Review 2025 PDF

HRT 3M1 Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ HORTILLOSA World Religions: Exam Review ***INTRO / NATIVE SPIRITUALITY*** Be able to identify / define the following terms: **WORLDVIEW:** a worldview is a personal insight about reality and meaning. A worldview consists of basic huma...

HRT 3M1 Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ HORTILLOSA World Religions: Exam Review ***INTRO / NATIVE SPIRITUALITY*** Be able to identify / define the following terms: **WORLDVIEW:** a worldview is a personal insight about reality and meaning. A worldview consists of basic human assumptions and images that provide a more coherent way of thinking about the world. There are 4 worldviews: Cosmocentric (world or nature-centered), theocentric (God centered), anthropocentric (Human centered), and secular (society centered). **MYTH**: sacred stories that explain or describe important religious experiences. These include the bible and other sacred literature. **RITUAL**: re-enactments of religious experiences. They put symbols into action; for example, a preist is a symbol of Jesus who re-enacts the last supper throughout the procession of mass. **SWEAT LODGE:** small sauna-like constructions that allow individuals to begin the process of purification, which leads to the eventual seeking of a vision. **1. What are the six components or traits of any religion?** **Religious experience:** a deep and holy connection with the divine **Myths:** sacred story that explains or describes a religious experience **Rituals:** reenactments of religious experiences **Community:** made up of priests and followers; foundation of religion and community **Teachings:** **Morality:** values → 10 commandments **2. What are the four types of worldviews, and what do each imply?** **Cosmocentric:** nature centered - implies that nature expresses the divine and is full of the sacred tying humans into it too. **Theocentric:** God centered - implies that God is the source and center of life **Anthropocentric:** implies that humans are the center of the universe communities and human dignity is the most important. **Secular:** society centered - implies that societal values are central, no need to involve God in human activities **3. Explain why the study of primal religions is significant.** Studying primal religions is important because they show the basics of religion, like myths and rituals, and how all religions started from these early traditions. They also teach us how stories and sacred knowledge were passed down through small, close-knit communities. ***JUDAISM*** Be able to define, identify, and/or explain the following terms: **COVENANT:** an agreement established between God and the isrealites/God\'s people. When the first covenant was created the jewish people were forever chellenged to live as a holy nation. **SHABBAT:** the sabbath day. Considered the Jewish day of rest (usually from from Friday to Saturday) **HANUKKAH:** aka the 'festival of lights'. Celebrates judahs bravery and the rededication of the temple. **TORAH:** The scripture that holds the first 5 books of the bible (genesis, exodus, leviticus, numbers, and deuteronomy). Is the revelation of the divine will. **ROSH HASHANAH:** Jewish new year. Usually late september/early october. **PASSOVER / PESACH:** Celebrates the freedom of israelites from slavery. **DIASPORA:** when the jewish peopled left their homeland, scattered across the world because of the Babylonian Exile. **YOM KIPPUR:** 'Day of atonement' - this is a day of repentance and prayer for repentance **SHEMA:** comes from the hebrew word 'hear'. A statement that conveys the uniqueness of god - "hear O Israel! The *LORD* is our God, and lord alone" **TANAKH:** made up from/taken from the 3 parts of the hebrew bible - Torah, prophets, and writings. In hebrew these words begin with T, N, and K. Thus, comes Tanakh. **HOLOCAUST:** the genocide of european jews during WWII. from 1941-1945 approximatley 6million jews were murdered. **YHWH:** the divine name, in hebrew. Observant jews consider it too holy to even be spoken. Is referred to as *'LORD'* in the bible. **\ ORAL TORAH:** is the explanation of those laws, originally passed down by word of mouth, later written in books like the Mishnah and Talmud to help people understand and follow the Written Torah. **WRITTEN TORAH:** the first five books of the Bible, which contain God's laws and teachings (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy). Is considered the foundation of the faith. **4. What are the three meanings of Torah? Based on its literal meaning, what does** **Torah refer to?** - Literally means instruction - Loosely translated, it means 'law'. - Refers to the first 5 books (pentateuch) - Based on it\'s literal meaning, it refers to the 'will of God' **5. Traditionally, who authored the Torah?** Believed to be written/authored by moses. **6. How many specific laws are found in the Torah? What are the most famous of** **these laws, and where are they found?** There are 613 specific laws. The most famous ones are the 10 commandments. They can be found in Exodus 20: 6-17 & Deuteronomy 5: 6-17. **7. What are the significant dates in the Timeline of Jewish History?** **8. Be able to explain or identify what specific Jewish festivals celebrate or Commemorate.** **Pesach:** aka passover. Celebrates the freedom of israelites from slavery. **Hanukkah:** aka the 'festival of lights'. Celebrates judahs bravery and the rededication of the temple. **Shabbat:** the sabbath day. Considered the Jewish day of rest (usually from from Friday to Saturday) **Rosh Hashanah:** Jewish new year. Usually late september/early october. **Yom Kippur:** 'Day of atonement' - this is a day of repentance and prayer for repentance **Shavuot:** this commemorates the giving of the Torah (the ten commandments on mount sinai) **Sukkot:** the feast of tabernacles, commemorating the israelites wandering in the desert when moses led them out of slavery. ***CHRISTIANITY*** Be able to define, identify, and/or explain the following terms: **GOSPEL:** means 'good news' and it is regarding jesus christ and the saving power of life that he brings. There are 4 gospels (matthew, mark, luke, and john). **PENTECOST:** known as the birthday of the church. After the ressurection of jesus, he told his disciples that the holy spirit would come upon them to empower them in preaching the gospel. 50 days later (after jesus' resurrection) the holy spirit descended to the disciples, creating pentecost. **CATHOLIC:** Refers to the Roman Catholic Church, led by the Pope in Rome. It is the largest Christian denomination and emphasizes the authority of the Pope, church traditions, and sacraments like the Eucharist and Confession. The term \"Catholic\" means \"universal,\" reflecting its mission to spread the faith worldwide. **PROTESTANT REFORMATION:** The Protestant Reformation was a major movement in the 16th century that aimed to reform the practices and beliefs of the Catholic Church. It led to the creation of new Christian groups, like Lutherans and Calvinists, and was sparked by figures like Martin Luther, who challenged Church practices such as the selling of indulgences. **NICENE CREED:** consists of essential teachings like the incarnation of jesus christ and the trinity. Created in 325CE, was written by the council of Nicea. - "I believe in God the father almighty..." **TRINITY:** consists of the father, the sun and the holy spirit. **ORTHODOX:** Refers to the Eastern Orthodox Church, which split from the Catholic Church in 1054 CE (the Great Schism). It is made up of self-governing churches, such as the Greek Orthodox and Russian Orthodox, and emphasizes maintaining ancient traditions, liturgies, and beliefs. The term \"Orthodox\" means \"correct belief.\" **COUNTER REFORMATION:** also known as the catholic reformation, this effort cleaned uo many corrupt practices that martin luther had protested against. **INDULGENCES:** these were sold by the catholic church, in order to excuse or reduce ones punishment which was due to the sins that he or she commited by giving money to the church. They believed that indulgences would reduce their time spent in purgatory. **PARABLES:** stories that compare something we don\'t know to something that we know. It usually has a surprise twist that leads us to see things in a new and different way. **SALVATION:** **9. What three things do all Christians have in common, and what do these refer to?** Christ: jesus is the saviour, and the new testament is the source of information on jesus Creed: based on the NT the nicene creed consists of essential teachings. Church: implies that as a christian one belongs to acommunity of believers (founded by jesus and his disciples, and is guided by the holy spirit **10. What are the three branches of Christianity?** Roman Catholic church: the oldest branch of christianity. Makes up about half of all christians. Believe that the pope is the father of the faith. Orthodox church: split into russian and greek orthodox. Use different calendar (christams celebrated diff day stuff like that) Protestant church: came around through disagreeing with some of the roman catholic branch. **11. Who was Paul, and why was he significant to Christianity?** Paul, originally named Saul, was a Pharisaical Jew who became an apostle after encountering Jesus. He was significant to Christianity because he spread the gospel to non-Jews (Gentiles), established Christian communities in major cities, and wrote letters that formed the foundation of Christian theology. Modern theologians often consider Christianity as heavily influenced by Paul's understanding of faith. **12. Why was the movement initiated by Martin Luther called Protestantism?** The movement initiated by Martin Luther was called Protestantism because it involved a \"protest\" against the practices and authority of the Catholic Church, particularly the sale of indulgences and corruption. Luther and his followers sought to reform the Church and emphasized personal faith, the authority of Scripture, and salvation by grace alone. This protest led to the formation of new Christian denominations separate from the Catholic Church. **13. Summarize or explain why Martin Luther was such a significant figure in church history. What did Luther's ninety-five theses protest against? For Luther, what is generally meant by the term "justification by faith" with respect to understanding salvation?** Martin Luther was a significant figure in church history because he started the Protestant Reformation, challenging the Catholic Church\'s authority and practices. His Ninety-Five Theses, published in 1517, protested against issues like the sale of indulgences (paying for forgiveness of sins) and Church corruption. He argued that salvation could not be bought or earned through good works but was a gift from God, received through faith alone. The term "justification by faith" means that, for Luther, salvation comes solely through faith in Jesus Christ, not by human efforts or church rituals. This idea became a cornerstone of Protestant belief and reshaped Christianity. ***ISLAM*** Be able to define, identify, and/or explain the following terms: **ISLAM:** term comes from the arabic word 'surrender' or 'submission', also means peace. Islam is an abrahamic religion. **ALLAH** Islam is monotheistic: there is only one God, who Muslims call Allah. Allah is considered eternal, which means that he was never born and will never die. **MUHAMMAD-** Born in Mecca, Muhammad had a hard childhood. His father died just before he was born, and his mother died when he was six. One night, he had a vision, and the Angel Jibril appeared to him and said to him, \"Recite!\" This became the command for Muhammad to become Allah\'s messenger. He is the prophet of the islamic religion. **JIBRIL** The Angel Jibril (aka the Angel Gabriel) is believed to have given specific messages of Allah to Muhammad through visions.told muhammad to *RECITE* the word of allah. **QUR'AN** These messages from angel jibril were collected together for the Muslim holy book called the Qur\'an (also referred to as Koran). This book is treated with utmost respect. **HIJRA:** this is the migration northward to the Medina. Led by muhammad so the people could go to the mosque. Hijra means 'departure in arabic'. **MOSQUE:** A mosque usually has a dome and at least one tall tower, a minaret. Many Muslim men go to the mosque several times a week, but the most important time is the lunch-time prayers on Friday, the Muslim holy day. When women go to the mosque, they stay separate from the men. This allows both men and women to concentrate on Allah. **IMAM:** this is the leader chosed by other muslims. They explain the teachings of the Qur'an and talk about life as a muslim. **SHAHADAH** The first pillar is the declaration of faith. Translated from Arabic, it states: \"There is no god except Allah. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.\" In the Shahada there are two basic teachings of Islam: monotheism and the uniqueness of Muhammad as a prophet. Declaring this makes you officially muslim. **SALAT** The 2nd pillar is prayer. Salat means prayer five times a day, and all Muslims are required to do so. These times are: early morning, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and evening. **ZAKAH / ZAKAT:** this is the 3rd pillar of islam. This pillar is the sharing of wealth to the less fortunate. 2.5% worth of monetary possesion must be donated to charity or umma. **SAWM:** this is the 4th pillar of islam. Refers to fasting to show devotion to faith. **HAJJ:** this is the 5th pillar of islam. This pilgrimage is expected to be made atleast once in a lifetime. This is the pilgramage from Mecca to the Ka'aba. **KA'BA:** a sacred cube-shaped building located in the Masjid al-Haram (Grand Mosque) in Mecca. It is considered the holiest site in Islam and is the direction Muslims face during their daily prayers. Muslims perform specific rituals around the Ka\'aba, including Tawaf (circling it seven times). **JIHAD:** this is the unofficial 6th pillar. Means struggle and refers to the spiritual struggle against anything pulling away from worshipping allah and the divine will. **RAMADAN:** this is the holiday that shows commitment to allah. Fasting is a huge component. It shows that Allah comes before your personal needs. If fast is broken you must fast for 60 extra days (there are some exceptions to this) **UMMA:** this is the community of all muslims. **MECCA:** the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad. Mecca is the destination for the Hajj. Only Muslims are allowed to enter the city, which holds deep spiritual significance as the center of Islamic worship. **MEDINA:** the second holiest city in Islam after Mecca. where Prophet Muhammad and his followers migrated during the Hijra. Became the first Islamic state in 622 CE, following the Hijra, when Prophet Muhammad and his followers migrated there from Mecca. **14. What do Muslims know about the life of Muhammad?** Muslims know that he is Allah's messenger, the prophet of islam, and that he was one of the greatest contributers to islamic faith. 🧌 **15. What marked the beginning of the success of Islam and why?** The Hijra marked the beggining of the success of islam because this was when Prophet Muhammad and his followers moved from Mecca to Medina, where they established a strong, supportive Muslim community, gained political and religious authority, and were able to spread Islam more effectively. **16. What are the Five Pillars of Islam?** 1. Shahadah - Declaration of faith 2. Salat - Prayer 3. Zakah/Zakat - wealth sharing 4. Sawm - Fasting 5. Hajj - The pilgrimage ***HINDUISM*** Be able to define, identify, and/or explain the following terms: **BRAHMAN** Brahman is the source of the universe. One can only discover it through profound contemplation. Its true nature is not revealed on the surface of things. Whatever the senses can perceive, whatever the mind can ponder, these are not Brahman. For Brahman is beyond the reach of human perception and thought. **ATMAN** Hindus call the soul atman. Every Hindus goal is for their soul (atman) to become a part of Brahman. **DHARMA** Dharma is the ethical duty based on the divine order of reality. It is the standard by which individuals can judge the rightness or wrongness of their actions. - For every activity, there is a way of acting that conforms to dharma. **KARMA** Karma is the principle that determines the nature of each reincarnation. Karma permeates the realm of samsara, such that one's karmic record stays with the soul from reincarnation to reincarnation. - Of the various life forms, only humans have the will to affect the status of their karma. **SAMSARA:** the law of birth, death, and reincarnation. Hindus believe that the soul moves through a series of \'steps\'. It begins in plants and animals, and goes on to human beings. When a man or woman dies their soul is rehoused in another person. This continual cycle of birth and death is called samsara. **MOKSHA** Moksha is the liberation or release from the cycle of samsara. It is an experience characterized by infinite awareness or infinite bliss. - The realm of moksha is completely beyond this world, so it is hard to describe. **BRAHMA** Brahma the creator. - Obviously, all that is created comes from Brahma. - Brahma is not worshipped as much as the following two. **VISHNU** Vishnu the preserver. Hindus believe that when there is a time of danger, Vishnu comes to protect it. Vishnu also has different names, because of his many appearances. Two important appearances are as the god Rama and the god Krishna. **SHIVA** Shiva the destroyer. - The god who destroys, Shiva controls life and death. Shiva destroys old things which are no longer needed. **THE VEDAS** These are the oldest of the Hindu holy books. - These contain the basic truths which never change. - They go back to about 1500-1200 BCE, however, they were not collected together and written down for about 3000 years. - The teachings were passed down by word of mouth. - (This is similar to the Old and New Testaments.) **THE UPANISHADS** These are the last part of each Veda. - In Sanskrit, this means "sitting near a teacher." - It was composed between 900-200 BCE. - These provide a philosophical commentary on the Vedas. **BHAGAVAD-GITA** This is the most important part of the sacred writings for many Hindus. - In Sanskrit, this means "the song of the blessed lord." - It is found in the epic poem called Mahabharata, the longest poem in the world with 100,000 verses. **RIG VEDA** This is the most important Veda. **BRAHMINS** this is the first and most important group. They were best at being priests and at jobs which involve giving advice. They were also the highest group **KSHATRIYAS** this is the second class. These were the soldiers or warriors, as well as society's administrators. **VAISHYAS** the third class. These are producers\--such as farmers, merchants, and artisans. **SHUDRAS** the lowest of the four castes. - Basically, people who belong to this class were the servants for the other three groups. **HARIJANS** Harijans \-- an additional category: the lowest group of all. - This group consists of "outcastes"; they were outside of society altogether. - They did the dirtiest jobs - They were called the "untouchables." **KAMA** The first goal of life is kama, which is pleasure. Hinduism accepts such pleasure seeking, even as it teaches the ultimate goal of release from samsara. **ARTHA** The second goal of life is artha, which is material success as well as the social power and prestige that go with it. **AHISMA:** non-violence and respect for life **MONISM:** the doctrine that all reality is ultimately one. **17. How is Hindu society divided?** **Handout 08, Note 5.5** Hinduism is divided into groups called varnas. The 4 main groups are: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and jatis/castes. 18\. What are the four stages of life? **Chapter 7, p. 241** 19\. Who is Mahatma Gandhi, and why is he significant? **Handout 09** One of the most important Hindus in the last 100 years. Mahatma Gandhi was a leader in India\'s movement for independence from British rule. He is significant because he promoted non-violence (ahimsa) and worked tirelessly to improve life for millions of poor people in India, fighting against discrimination and injustice. Gandhi played a key role in uniting Hindus and Muslims and is remembered worldwide as a symbol of peace and humanity. ***BUDDHISM*** Be able to define, identify, and/or explain the following terms: **SIDDARTHA GAUTAMA** Born around 563 BCE, the future Buddha was born into a family of a warrior caste. Legend has it that wise men told his father Siddhartha would become a great religious leader. So, his father raised him in luxury, away from the sufferings of the outside world. Siddhartha had four significant encounters that would forever change him. **BODHI TREE** Devoted to attaining salvation, Gautama Bodhi Tree sat down in the lotus position and focused inward, entering a meditative trance. Here, he reached enlightenment\--a feeling of total peace, when you can stop thinking about yourself and become totally free. **THE MIDDLE WAY** Gautama discovered the Middle Way, which embraces the idea that contentment is a good thing. This has become the central Buddhist doctrine. **ENLIGHTENMENT** This means "realizing the truth." Enlightenment is not the same as knowing things, for knowledge can be taught. It is different, because each person has to find the truth for him or herself. **NIRVANA** Nirvana literally means "blowing out." Thus, instead of being reborn, the life energy of the arhat is "blown out" upon the passage into nirvana. Nirvana is best described as the cessation of suffering\--essentially absolute peace. **20. What do we know about the life of Siddartha Gautama? Handout 01, pp. 8-9** Siddhartha Gautama, later known as the Buddha, was born as a prince in Lumbini (modern-day Nepal). Although he lived a life of luxury, he became deeply troubled after encountering suffering in the form of old age, sickness, and death. This led him to leave his privileged life in search of enlightenment. He spent years as an ascetic and eventually achieved enlightenment under the Bodhi tree. Siddhartha taught others about the path to end suffering, known as the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. He dedicated his life to teaching compassion, mindfulness, and spiritual liberation, passing away at the age of 80. **21. What are the Four Passing Sights, and how did they affect Gautama?** **Note 6.2 // Chapter 8, pp. 261-262 (Section: 'The Life of Buddha') // Handout 01, p. 8 (Section: 'Siddattha's early life')** The Four Passing Sights are the four things Siddhartha Gautama saw during his journey that exposed him to suffering: An old man, representing aging. A sick man, representing illness. A dead man, showing the reality of death. A peaceful holy man, symbolizing a path to spiritual peace and liberation. These sights deeply affected Gautama, as they made him realize the inevitability of suffering in life. This inspired him to leave his luxurious life and search for a way to understand and overcome suffering, ultimately leading to the creation of Buddhism. **22. What are the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path? Describe.** **Handout 01, pp. 12-15, 16-17** The Four Noble Truths: Dukkha (Suffering): Life is full of suffering, discomfort, and imperfection. This suffering includes pain, boredom, or dissatisfaction with life. The Buddha taught that life is inherently unsatisfactory, and his teachings aim to help overcome it. Samudaya (Cause of Suffering): Suffering is caused by selfishness and desires, including greed and attachment. These negative traits lead to the cycle of rebirth and suffering. Nirodha (End of Suffering): Suffering can end if people stop being selfish and let go of their desires. Breaking free from selfishness allows one to achieve peace and escape the cycle of rebirth. Magga (Path to End Suffering): The way to overcome suffering is by following the Noble Eightfold Path, which leads to Nirvana. The Noble Eightfold Path: The Noble Eightfold Path is also called the \"Middle Way\" because it avoids the extremes of luxury and self-denial. It includes eight steps grouped into three categories: 1\. Wisdom (Right Viewpoint and Right Thought): Right Viewpoint: Understand and accept Buddhist teachings, such as the idea that life is unsatisfactory (dukkha). Right Thought: Think in a caring and unselfish way, focusing on others rather than being selfish. 2\. Ethical Behavior (Right Speech, Right Action, and Right Living): Right Speech: Speak truthfully, kindly, and avoid lying, gossiping, or saying harmful things. Right Action: Avoid harming others, stealing, dishonesty, or unfaithfulness. Buddhists also avoid alcohol and drugs. Right Living: Work in a way that helps others and avoids harm. For example, avoid jobs that cause suffering or exploitation. 3\. Mental Training (Right Effort, Right Awareness, and Right Concentration): Right Effort: Train yourself to avoid bad habits and actions while working hard to do good. Right Awareness: Stay aware of your surroundings and see them clearly without being distracted or confused. Right Concentration: Meditate and focus your mind to develop calmness and peace. By following all eight steps together, Buddhists aim to achieve Nirvana, a state of liberation and peace, free from suffering and rebirth. ***EXAM ESSAY TOPICS*** There will be two options for the exam essay section. Select one option and respond to it accordingly. The following are the prompts for the exam essay. The rubric for the essay section has been copied and pasted below. **  There are six components or traits to any major world religion.\ ** **  A religious leader is a person whose experience of the sacred transforms the people and the society around them.** HINTS: - **Multiple choice (15 marks)** **Ex 1:** israel was granted statehood in: a\) 1946, b) 1947, c) 1948, d) 1950 **Ex 2:** sidarta guatrama was born into: a\) poverty/isolation, b) wondering nomad family c) ascectic sect d) luxury in a warrior cast **Ex 3:** Muhammed was born... a\) before christ, b) 570ce in mecca, c) 15 century in spain, d) 5th century in the early - **Matching (10 marks)** Using the word bank use the following to match **Ex 1:** the migration of muhhamamd and his followers from mecca to yathwhi **Ex 2:** this literally means recite or recitation **Ex 3:** The persecution of the nazis from 1939-1945 wa... the holocausts 8 options (choose 5 of 8) in table use space to identify what religion what it is symbolic of and why it is significant in each religion. identify symbol/artifact, what religion is for, breifly explain significance (2 marks) **Ex 1:** The star of david - Judaism, **Ex 2:** Fish - christianity, **Ex 3:** will see 2 institutions → pay attention to top sof buildings, see if there are towers in it (mas jibil) - **Short answer (30 marks)** Answer any 5 below in paragraph form attention to complete sentences, grammar, etc 15 marks for convention, 15 marks for knowledge. - two short answer on islam, 1 on hinduism, 1 on bjuddism, 2 on christianity **Ex 1:** Describe 4 out of 5 pillars of islam explain specific ways muslims practice each pillar. - Remeber S~hahadah~S~alat~ Z~akat~ S~awm~H~ajj~ - - - - - The five pillars of Islam are shahadah, salat, zakat, sawm, and the Hajj. These pillars are the foundation to the Islamic faith; each pillar is so significant because they play a huge role in the day to day lives of those who follow the islamic faith. The first pillar, Shahadah, refers to the declaration of faith. This pillar states that Allah is the only God, making this a monotheistic religion, and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. Once you declare your faith you are officially apart of the Islamic faith. The second pillar, Salat, is about prayer. It means that all muslims must pray 5 times a day (morning, afternoon, midafternoon, sunset, and evening). The third pillar refers to the sharing of wealth. This pillar requires all Muslims to donate at least 2.5% worth of monetary possessions to those who are less fortunate. The money is donated to a charity or umma. Sawm, the fourth pillar, is for fasting. In Islamic faith fasting is a way of showing that Allah comes before personal needs. Fasting helps show devotion to Allah. If fast is broken you must extend your fast by 60 days (there are some exceptions, like pregnancy, or illness). The fifth pillar is the Hajj, this is the pilgrimage that all muslims are expected to make atleast once in their lives. The hajj goes from mecca to medina and is significant to islamic faith because it represents the Hijra (migration led by Muhammad) **Ex 2:** Identify and describe 4 major cast divisions of traditional hindu society I don\'t like this anymore **Ex 3:** Breifly explain 2 characteristics of any of thr 4 of the following jewish celebrations... \- two characteristics can be what is being celebrated and when does it happen. **Ex 4:** describe 4 key events in the life of muhhammed that led to - go back to islam notes (life of Muhhammed) - breif timeline would be helpful. Being born, his encounter woth jibril, migration (hijra) **Ex 5:** Indicate and explain the teachings of 4 noble truths in buddism →see \#22 **Ex 6:** Martin luthers beliefs led to the protestant reformation what did he mean by the term "justification by faith" with respect to understanding salvation?→ see handout 13 and look for his beliefs (justification by faith,understanding of indulgences, supremacy of scripture, anything tied to 95...) **Ex 7:** Who is Paul? what Christian communities what did he establish and why is he significant? - **Essay/Long answer (30 marks)** **Ex 1:** 6 components or traits to any world religion → compare and contrast 2,3 religions. (compare, contrast, explain.) - Know how how to compare atleast two religions, possibly three. - 6 components and examples from a few religions. Probably have to write about 2 different religions rather then 3 **Ex 2:** A religious leader is a person whos experience with the sacred transforms the people in society around them... → (see pg 3 of study guide) - Who might be considered a leader within the jewish faith? → God, Rabbi, Abraham - Clearly explain how this statement applies to any 2 of the following religious leaders → jesus and muhammad, abraham, moses.