Philosophers' Biographies PDF

Socrates Born 469 BCE, Athens, Greece Died 399 BCE, Athens, Greece "An unexamined life is not worth living." -Socrates 1  Socrates (469-399 BCE) Known as one of the "Great three" ancient greek...

Socrates Born 469 BCE, Athens, Greece Died 399 BCE, Athens, Greece "An unexamined life is not worth living." -Socrates 1  Socrates (469-399 BCE) Known as one of the "Great three" ancient greek philosophers. The three being, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle. Invented the Socratic method or what is also known as the Dialectic technique. Socrates' socratic method aimed to teach people by asking questions and engaging in conversation. 2 Plato Born 428 BCE, Athens, Greece Died 328 BCE, Athens, Geeece "The first and greatest victory is to conquer yourself; to be conquered by yourself is of all things most shameful and vile." -Plato  Plato (428-348 BCE) Was also known as "The broad" because of his wide figure. Made the Theory of Forms. Believed that a person's soul is made up of three things: Apetites, Spirited, and Reasons. St. Augustine of Hippo Born November 13, 354 CE Thagaste, Numibia [Souk Aras, Algeria] Died August 28, 430 CE Hippo Regius [Annaba , Algeria] "Noverim te, Noverim me" "May I know God, May I know me." -Saint Augustine of Hippo  St. Augustine of Hippo (354-436 CE) Saint Augustine rejected Christianity at first because it could not give solutions to his inquiries. He views the human nature as two sides. One yearns to be with the divine and the other can act immorally and that evil is a part of man's freewill. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) Father of Modern Philosophy, known for integrating mathematics and the scientific method into philosophy. Developed analytic geometry and Cartesian Method. "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am). John Locke (1632- 1704) Proposed that personal identity is influenced by psychological continuity. Suggested the mind is a tabula rasa ("empty" slate) shaped by experience.  J o h n Locke (1632-1704) Contradicted Cartesian and Augustinian views, which claim humans have inherent logic. Rejected the Cartesian theory that individual identity is based on the soul. Argued that personal identity is based on awareness or memory rather than the soul's or body's substance. David Hume (1711-1776) Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and writer. Born in Edinburgh, known for philosophical skepticism and empiricism. Influenced by Locke's work, yet skeptical about religion.  David Hume (1711-1776) Suggested the "self" is a collection of impressions, not a lasting entity. Believed there is no "personal identity" underlying fleeting perceptions and sensations. Concluded that there is no permanent self Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Born: April 22, 1724, Königsberg, Prussia [now Kaliningrad, Russia] Died: February 12, 1804, Königsberg (aged 79)  Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) In 1740, he enrolled at the AlbertusUniversity of Königsberg as a theological student. He worked at Albertus University of Königsberg. Notable Works: “Critique of Judgment,” “Critique of Practical Reason,” “Critique of Pure Reason” Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis. Born: May 6, 1856, Freiberg, Moravia, Austrian Empire [now Příbor, Czech Republic] Died: September 23, 1939, London, England  Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Founder of Psychoanalysis In 1740, he enrolled at the Albertus University of Königsberg as a theological student. In 1873, Freud graduated from the Sperl Gymnasium. In 1882, he entered the General Hospital in Vienna as a clinical assistant. Gilbert Ryle (1900-1976) Went to Queen's College, Oxford 1919 Graduated 1924 Wrote the "The concept of the mind" Patricia Churchland (1943) Born in july 16, 1943 Canadian-American Philosopher Created the term "neurophilosophy" Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961) French philosopher Known for his original and significant work on embodiment, perception, and ontology Key figure in the spread of Phenomenology