Unit B Exam Review 2022 Key - Science in Action 8 PDF

Unit B Exam Review Name: Date: Reference: read pages 81 – 171 in Science in Action 8 text. 6 Characteristics of Living Things a. Made of cells...

Unit B Exam Review Name: Date: Reference: read pages 81 – 171 in Science in Action 8 text. 6 Characteristics of Living Things a. Made of cells d. Reproduce b. Need Energy e. Respond to the environment c. Grow and develop f. Have adaptations for their environment When an organism has an increase in the number of cells this is known as growing How does structure and function relate? The structure determines the function. For example, it is the structure of the wing that gives it ability to fly. Give an example of a structure and the function that it performs. Various answers Define structural adaptation AND give an example. A change in a species structure to help it survive What is the largest organ in the body? skin What is the 2nd largest organ in the body?liver Label the following diagram. Be sure to know the parts and the functions of each part List the structures that are involved in gas exchange for various animals. There are 3 different ones. Fish- Gills Mammals/Birds- Lungs Insects- Spiracles Relate the following terms by using an example to show how they are related to each other. Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems. Similar cells make tissues, different tissues make organs, different organs make organ systems ie. Muscle cells make muscle tissue, tendon cells make tendon tissue etc. These tissues combine to form heart. Heart and arteries capillaries veins all combine to form circulatory system Label the following diagrams Compare and contrast unicellular and multicellular. Uni – one so unicellular = one cell Multi – many so multicellular = many celled How does an amoeba move? Pseudopods How does a paramecium move? Cilia Define diffusion. Particles in a fluid move from high concentration to low (from where there is more to where there are less) Define osmosis. Diffusion of water across a membrane Determine with an arrow the direction that water will move through the selectively permeable membrane. Explain your answer. Water will leave the cell because there is higher concentration of water 6% salt inside the cell 10% salt How are the terms xylem and phloem similar and different? What kind of tissue are they? Both transport tissues. Phloem transports food and xylem transport water. Label the following diagram What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical is physical breakdown (chewing and churning) Chemical is breakdown by chemical reactions (acid and enzymes) What are the 4 components of gastric juice? a. HCl b. Mucus c. Enzymes (Pepsin) d. Water What are villi and what is their function? Villi are small projections on the inner surface of the small intestine. They increase surface area to absorb nutrients. In the space below, draw what a villus (villus is singular, villi is plural) might look like: What are the following complex molecules broken down in to? (What are the building blocks?) Complex Carbohydrates (Starch)  Sugar Lipids (fats)  Fatty Acids Proteins  Amino Acids Vitamins  Vitamins (molecules) Minerals  Minerals (molecules) If you exhale into a Bromothymol Blue solution it turns from blue to green to yellow. What does the bromothymol blue indicate about exhaled air? There is CO2 present What role does the diaphragm play in breathing? Acts as a bellows (pump) to move air What is the diaphragm made of? Muscle Label the following diagram Know the parts of the heart, the type of blood present in each chamber, and where the blood is going. What is the difference between an artery and a vein Arteries carry blood away from heart (thicker/more pressure). Veins carry blood to heart (have valves, thinner, closer to surface of skin) What two locations in your body does gas exchange occur? What type of blood vessel in involved? Capillaries and body cells Capillaries and alveoli What is the function of red blood cells? Carry O2 What is the function of platelets? Blood Clotting Define excretion Removal of waste from body What is urea? Ammonia turned into Urea in liver. Urea is waste (main ingredient of urine) Where is it produced? Liver What is the function of the nephron? Kidney. It is the working unit of the kidney that filters/cleans the blood What is a neuron? Nerve Cell The Nervous System is composed of two main parts. a. CNS Brain and spinal cord b. PNS Peripheral nerves including cranial and spinal nerves What are the 3 types of neurons? a. Motor sends signals (from CNS to Muscles and Organs b. Sensory sends signals (from senses to CNS) c. Interneuron - thinking Cranial and Spinal Nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system. True or False? What are the 3 main sections of the brain? a. cerebrum example: thoughts b. Cerebellum example: balance c. Medulla example: heart rate What is a vaccine? Who invented it? Body builds up an immunity to the dead or mild form of the disease and then remains immune to the actual disease. Edward Jenner Define the following terms. a. Asthma – condition where air passages narrow causing difficulty to breathe b. Bronchitis – mucus in the air passages builds up causing difficulty to breathe c. Emphysema – inflation of alveoli reducing lung capacity makes it difficult to breathe d. Atherosclerosis – build up of cholesterol in arteries creating partial or full blockage disrupting blood flow. Lung cancer Cancer in the lungs… Duh (with Sarcasm)