Unit A 1. SST - The First Lecture (2) PDF

Society, Science and Technology School of Social, Financial, and Human Sciences Subject Details Subject Name, Code, and Credit: Society, Science and Technology (HS 1 0 013), 2- 0-0 2 Faculty: Dr. Srikanta Mohapatra Dr. Puspalata Pattojoshi Dr. Arjyadhara...

Society, Science and Technology School of Social, Financial, and Human Sciences Subject Details Subject Name, Code, and Credit: Society, Science and Technology (HS 1 0 013), 2- 0-0 2 Faculty: Dr. Srikanta Mohapatra Dr. Puspalata Pattojoshi Dr. Arjyadhara Pradhan Dr.Kshyanaprava Samal New Engineering Curriculum National Education Policy 2020. New B. Tech. Curriculum Evolution of Engineering Education Practice-based (18th– 19th Century) Science-based (Most of 20th Century) Science-based, HASS-rich (Late 20th–21st Century) HASS HASS: Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences Humanities is the discipline that deals with human society and culture - Languages, Philosophy, History, Archaeology, Cultural Anthropology, Ethics, Ethnic Studies, Folklore, and Gender Studies - Language arts (Literature, Writing, Oratory, Rhetoric, Poetry, etc.) - Performing Arts (Theatre, Music, Dance, etc.), - Visual Arts (Painting, Sculpture, Photography, Filmmaking, etc.) - Religion and Law (not universally accepted) Arts and Humanities Arts create a tangible, sensory output. Humanities call us to bear witness to the process of questioning and learning how to ask better, deeper, more careful questions, It reflects critical, or speculative, method of inquiry. Arts is doing, whereas humanities is about talking. Liberal Arts Liberal arts imply the disciplines of humanities, arts, and the natural and social sciences that allow an expansive intellectual grounding in all kinds of humanistic inquiry. A liberal arts education imparts general knowledge and develops general intellectual capacities in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum and allows one to learn and read critically, write cogently, and think broadly. Such skills elevate the students’ conversations in the classroom, strengthen social and cultural analysis, and cultivate the tools necessary to navigate the world’s most complex issues. Social Science Social science is any branch of academic study that deals with human behaviour in its social and cultural aspects. It usually includes cultural (or social) anthropology, sociology, psychology, political science, and economics. The term behavioural science is also applied to social science. People in the ancient world (Plato, Aristotle, and Chanakya) explored not only the natural world (Earth, stars, and matter around them) but also the institutions around them: state, economy, religion, morality, and human nature. The 13th-century priest St. Thomas Aquinas synthesized classical theology and aspects of Christianity to develop new ideas of social sciences and Roger Bacon gave new directions to experimental natural sciences. Descartes came later, followed by Locke.  PHYSICAL, SOCIO-ECO- POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERIN G Practice-based Engineering Education  PHYSICAL, SOCIO-ECO- PHYSICAL, SOCIO-ECO- POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT HASS ENGINEERIN ENGINEERIN G G SCIENCE SCIENCE Science-based Science-based, HASS-rich Engineering Education Engineering Education “Society”, “Science”, and “Technology” Society Definition Merriam-Webster Dictionary An enduring and cooperating social group whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with one another A community, nation, or broad grouping of people having common traditions, institutions, and collective activities and interests Society and Community Society is built upon interactions among a group of people sharing the same culture, interests, and opinions, etc. Community is the collection of people with similar interests living (usually) in the same geographic location. Society is a collection of different communities. SOCIETY ⋮ COMMUNITY Society and Culture Culture SOCIETY CULTURE a. Represents beliefs, values, practices, attitudes, social behaviour of a group, and people’s way of life (the non-material culture). b. Includes material culture (materials in use)— The Structure The Function automobiles, cell phones, etc. c. Includes stories, religion, rituals, and languages. of groups of and Rules of d. Differentiates one society from another. people Behaviour A society represents the people who share People with Beliefs, those beliefs, values, practices, and social behaviour. shared beliefs, values, Culture defines the rules of behaviour, whereas society is the structure of values, practices, organization of the group of people. practices and and social behaviour behaviour Value Values can be defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of actions or outcomes. As such, values reflect a person's sense of right and wrong or what "ought" to be. Science Latin origin: scientia, meaning "knowledge”. Shortest definition: Science is a body of knowledge. Features of Science: See next slide A scientific investigation not only produces knowledge, but also records and communicates them to the peers for acceptance, modification, and even rejection.  Features of Science Knowledge of past Rational analysis works Logical interpretation Coordinated group activity Experimentation Use of universally Theoretical generalization accepted methods and instruments Reproducibility and Testability of results Keen observation Peer communication and Technology - Definition Application of (scientific) knowledge for practical purposes Machinery and equipment developed from the application of scientific knowledge  The One-Dimensional Influences within STS Science Technol Society ogy New Products Economic Growth Scientific and Processes and Knowledge Development  Engineering and Technology Engineering is the process of application of ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY knowledge of science and techniques to design and manufacture something new. The process, the The product, the Engineering helps to understand the HOW WHAT principles underlying the technology (the Understands the Applies common How). It is knowledge-based. underlying sense and the principles principles of The product designed by applying common science and sense and the principles of science and engineering engineering is called technology (the Knowledge-based What). It is action-based. Action-based Design, manufacture, Design The Subject Society, Science, and Technology  Circular Relations among Society, Science, and Technology Social Forces Scientific Discoveries Technological Social Developments Changes  Circular Relations among Society, Science, and Technology Promote thinkers who observe natural patterns, logically structure them, and draw inferences. Social Forces Scientific Discoveries New Instruments and Machines New Technological application- Social Developments related Changes problems Have Needs and Wants Find Opportunities Promote What the Students Study The students study how social, political, cultural, and material conditions shape scientific work and how science, in turn, shapes society. On the one hand, the students explore the process through which scientists, and their allies, generate facts. On the other hand, they examine how the facts and artifacts produced by scientists affect human life: how scientific knowledge changes our self-perception and how it affects social relations.  Objectives There is a circular relationship between society and science & technology. Society creates a need, a desire, and an ambience to develop S & T, and S & T create means to meet societal needs and new opportunities to make human life better. Studying this relationship is the objective of this subject. The subject will expose, before the students, the past developments of S & T and the social forces that played a dominant role in making these developments possible and the way these were used in the society. The subject will also present the ethical principles that underlie the development and use of science and technology in the society.  Course Syllabus Characteristics of Society, Science, and Technology. Milestone Scientific Discoveries of the Past and the Ways They Impacted Human Thought Process and Culture; Scientific Method, Developing a Theory, and Making of a Discovery; Discoveries in the Physical, Biological, and Mathematical Sciences; Normal Science, Paradigms, Anomalies, Crisis and Emergence of Scientific Theories, and Scientific Revolutions. Milestone Developments of Technologies and the Ways They Transformed the Society. Stories of Technological Developments such as Steam Engines, Electricity, Semiconductors, and IoT. Contributions of Science and Technology to Solving Societal, Environmental, and Global Problems. Pedagogy The following pedagogical tools will be used for course delivery: 1. Lectures by experienced scientists, technologists, and social scientists 2. Interactive sessions with reputed scientists and technologists 3. Self-study, by the students, of the developmental aspects of particular scientific discoveries and technological marvels a. Individual presentations on the Impact of Technologies on Society b, Mini-Project on Invent a Technology 4. Infrastructure walk by the students and understanding the technologies used. Students are required to write, in groups and in 4 – 5 pages, reports on Evaluation Activity: 30 marks Midsem: 20 marks End sem: 50 marks Total: 100 marks Activity Calendar Select Readings Bucchi, M. (2002), Science in Society: An Introduction to Social Studies of Science, London: Routledge. Capra, F. (1982), The Turning Point, Science, Society, and the Rising Culture, Flamingo: Fontana Paperbacks Kuhn, T. S. (2012), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 4th Edition, Chicago: Chicago University Press. Sismondo, S. (2009), An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies, 2nd Edition. Maldon, MA: Blackwell Publishing. All ppts related to the lectures Course Outcomes CO1: Be aware of the forces that shape the development of science and technology, CO2: Know about how the major milestones of scientific discoveries have impacted human thought processes, CO3: Understand the effect of technological developments in societal transformation, CO4: Analyse the contribution of Science and Technology in solving societal and Environmental problems, CO5: Evaluate the ethical issues related to abuse of science and technology CO6: Apply the skills learned to suggest solutions to global problems linked to science and Technology Today’s Task: Form Groups Form a group of five members. Submit the list of members (roll numbers, names, email addresses, and a group coordinator) in each group in the next lecture. Each student group is required to submit reports on different topic Example: - their interactions with the scientists, - their interactions with the technologists, - project on “Invent a Technology”, and - technologies in use (Infrastructure Walk). Two Broad Streams of Scholarship in S&T Studies - Questions Related to Each Stream A. Research on the nature and practices of S & T Is there a scientific method? What makes scientific facts credible? How do new disciplines emerge? How does science relate to religion? B. Impacts and control of science and technology How should states set priorities for research funding? Who should participate, and how, in technological decision-making? Should scientific inventions be patented? How should societies measure risks and set safety standards? How should experts communicate the reasons for their judgments to the public?  What SST Courses Offer Promote cross-disciplinary integration, civic engagement, and critical thinking. Help to illuminate issues of professional responsibility and ethics. Build bridges between disciplines that do not ordinarily meet each other in the undergraduate curriculum, such as sociology and science, law and science, anthropology and technology, environmental science and political theory, or technology and philosophy. Integrating knowledge in areas that are impossible to grasp through any single discipline; examples include security environmental studies, globalization, the human sciences, and biology and society.  Yield robust understandings of the nature of controversy, the causes of scientific and technological change, the relationship of culture and reason, and the limits of rational analytic methods in characterizing complex problems. Explore what difference it makes to human societies that we, collectively, are producers and users of science and technology. Offer the resources with which to evaluate—analytically, esthetically, and ethically—the benefits and the risks, the perils and the promises, of notable advances in science and technology. Notable Online Courses NPTEL Course MIT Open Courseware in Science, Technology & World