Unit 4 Slides PDF 2024

The test begins with the the founding of Rome. The topics are Rise of Rome, Republican Government, Struggle of the Orders, and Punic Wars. It stops and includes our discussion of Aeneas and Dido. Don’t forget about the video on the Punic Wars (with handout) and the handout on the Republ...

The test begins with the the founding of Rome. The topics are Rise of Rome, Republican Government, Struggle of the Orders, and Punic Wars. It stops and includes our discussion of Aeneas and Dido. Don’t forget about the video on the Punic Wars (with handout) and the handout on the Republican Government (key under Modules). These slides are not a substitute for class notes, but I include them in case they help. Format: Multiple Choice, Short Answer, Short Paragraph. (Study the same way as always) The test begins with the the founding of Rome: Rise of Rome, Republican Government, Struggle of the Orders, and Punic Wars Don’t forget about the video on the Punic Wars (with handout) and the handout on the Republican Government (key under Modules). Rome. Foundation Myths Livy (59 BCE-17 CE) Latin/Latium Rome Aeneas (Virgil’s Aeneid) Tiber River Romulus (753-717 BCE) Remus Palatine Hill April 21, 753 BCE Etruscans Etruria Fasces, a symbol of imperium Animists Cloaca Maxima Monarchy 753-509 BCE  The Difficulty in Reconstructing the Early History of Rome. Livy. 59 BCE- 17 CE. (6.1.1-3) “These matters are enveloped in obscurity both by reason of their great antiquity, like far-off objects which can be described only with difficulty, and also because written records, the only trustworthy memorials of events, were in those times scanty….” Chalkboard: How did Rome come to be founded? Who are the Roman people? What Modern Historian Say: -around 2000 BCE Indo-European peeps came into Italy and settled -one group was called Latins, lived in region called Latium, and founded a settlement on a river, Tiber River, which became Rome Chalkboard: How did Rome come to be founded? Who are the Roman people? Modern Historian: -around 2000 BCE Indo-European peeps came into Italy and settled -one group was called Latins, lived in region called Latium, and founded a settlement on a river, Tiber River, which became Rome What the Romans Say: Story #1 -agree that peeps called Latins lived in Latium and founded a city on Tiber. -connect their early history to the Trojan War (1200 BCE) and tell the story of Aeneas, a Trojan hero, who comes to Italy -Aeneas is the son of Aphrodite/Venus -at the end of the Trojan War, Aeneas as a refugee flees to Italy and settles in Latium -Romans are mix of Trojans and Latins -Poet Vergil tells the story of Aeneas in Aeneid Livy (59 BCE-17 CE) Latin/Latium Rome Aeneas (Virgil’s Aeneid) Tiber River Romulus (753-717 BCE) Remus Palatine Hill April 21, 753 BCE Etruscans Etruria Fasces, a symbol of imperium Animists Cloaca Maxima Monarchy 753-509 BCE  Aeneas. A Foreign Founder of Rome Aphrodite (Venus) ancestor of the Caesars Denarius of Julius Caesar, Africa, ca. 46 B.C. Crawford, 458/1 Aeneas, advancing to the left, holding the Palladium in his hand, and carrying his father Anchises on his shoulder. The Capitoline Wolf. Romulus and Remus. CA 500 BC. Livy (59 BCE-17 CE) Latin/Latium Rome Aeneas (Virgil’s Aeneid) Tiber River Romulus (753-717 BCE) Remus Palatine Hill April 21, 753 BCE Etruscans Etruria Fasces, a symbol of imperium Animists Cloaca Maxima Monarchy 753-509 BCE Chalkboard: Rome’s origin story is very odd. Reflect on Vergil’s and Livy’s account again Answer 1 and 3 or 2 and 3 with your friend, please. 1. What sort of civilization would make a story like this to explain their origins? What’s being stressed in the story? 2. What can we learn about the Romans from this story as historians? What details jump out? 3. Do you have any questions about the story?  Livy. Romulus and Remus. The Founding of Rome. “Romulus chose the Palatine and Remus the Aventine hill as their stands to make their observations. It is said, that to Remus an omen came first, six vultures; and now, the omen having been declared, when double the number presented itself to Romulus, his own party saluted each king; the former claimed the kingdom on the grounds [that he had seen his birds first], the latter on account of the number of birds [he had seen]. Upon this, having met in an altercation, from the contest of angry feelings they turn to bloodshed; there Remus fell from a blow received in the crowd. A more common account is, that Remus, in derision of his brother, leaped over his new-built wall, and was, for that reason, slain by Romulus in a passion; who, after sharply chiding him, added words to this effect: “So shall every one fare, who shall dare to leap over my fortifications.” Thus Romulus got the sovereignty to himself; the city, when built, was called after the name of its founder.” Rome. Foundation Myths Rome. Etruscan Influence  Early Rome: Etruscans, Monarchy to Republic Etruscans Etruria Fasces, a symbol of imperium* Cloaca Maxima Monarchy 753-509 BCE Sabines Tarquin “the Proud” 534-509 BCE Lucretia The Republic 509- 27 BCE Consul Veto Cursus Honorum Chalkboard: Etruscans: -neighbors, in Etruria, of Latins in Latium and powerful from 1000-509 BCE -Etruscan monarchs rule Rome from 616 to 509 BCE -historical sig?: -influence on Roman culture and on Rome as a city, which was just a village before Etruscan rule Examples of Etruscan contributions to Rome: -fasces, a symbol of imperium (‘political authority’) -anthropomorphic gods (Romans were animists) -Cloaca Maxima- Drainage System in Forum -alphabet  The Fasces, a symbol of Imperium from the Etruscan period which is inherited by the Romans The fasces were a Roman symbol of office introduced during the Royal Period by the Etruscans. They were a bundle of rods tied with red thongs. The inclusion of an axe indicated the presence of a magistrate who could inflict capital punishment. Within city limits, initially only a dictator had the right the inclusion of an axe. The number of lictors carrying fasces indicated the rank of an official. THE SUPERB GEM 1942/1 DIME PCGS MINT STATE-66 FB House of Representatives Chalkboard: Etruscans: -neighbors, in Etruria, of Latins in Latium and powerful from 1000-509 BCE -Etruscan monarchs rule Rome from 616 to 509 BCE -historical sig?: -influence on Roman culture and on Rome as a city, which was just a village before Etruscan rule Examples of Etruscan contributions to Rome: -fasces, a symbol of imperium (‘political authority’) -anthropomorphic gods (Romans were animists) -Cloaca Maxima- Drainage System in Forum -alphabet Etruscan Religion. Anthropomorphism. Apollo of Veii. C.6th.(original and reconstruction) Chalkboard: Etruscans: -neighbors, in Etruria, of Latins in Latium and powerful from 1000-509 BCE -Etruscan monarchs rule Rome from 616 to 509 BCE -historical sig?: -influence on Roman culture and on Rome as a city, which was just a village before Etruscan rule Examples of Etruscan contributions to Rome: -fasces, a symbol of imperium (‘political authority’) -anthropomorphic gods (Romans were animists) -Cloaca Maxima- Drainage System in Forum -alphabet Etruscan Influence: Forum and Cloaca Maxima Cloaca Maxima ("Great Sewer") in Rome (opening into the Tiber) Channel that drains valleys between the Esquiline, Quininal, Palatine, and Capitoline Hills Etruscan. 6th century B.C. (arched cover added in the 2nd century B.C.)  Early Rome: Etruscans, Monarchy to Republic Etruscans Etruria Fasces, a symbol of imperium* Cloaca Maxima Monarchy 753-509 BCE Sabines Tarquin “the Proud” 534-509 BCE Lucretia The Republic 509- 27 BCE Consul Veto Cursus Honorum THE SABINE WOMEN Paris, 1796-99. Signed: David faciebat anno 1799.  Eutropius, Compendium of Roman History, I. 1-viii “Lucius Tarquinius the Proud, the seventh and last of the kings,… [his son] had violated a very well-known and very chaste woman, Lucretia, the wife of Collatinus. She complained to her husband, father, and friends of the violence done to her… For this reason Brutus [a leading Roman] aroused the populace and deprived Tarquin of his power. Soon the army too…deserted; and when, coming to the city, the king found the gates closed and himself shut out, he went into exile with his wife and children, after he had reigned 24 years. Thus Rome was a monarchy, under seven kings, for 243 years, while as yet the territory of Rome extended at most just about fifteen miles.”  Roman Time Line: 753 BC-509 BC Monarchy 509 BC-27 BC Republic Rome: End of Monarchy and Republic Tarquin “the Proud” 534-509 Secessio 494 BCE BCE Tribune of Plebs 471 BCE Lucretia 12 Tables 449 BCE The Republic 509- 27 BCE Lex Canuleia 445 BCE Consul Veto Cursus Honorum Senate SPQR Assemblies Struggle of Orders Patricians and Plebeians What are we talking about?: 1. Aspects of Republican Constitution 2. Struggle of Orders  Roman Time Line: 753 BC-509 BC Monarchy 509 BC-27 BC Republic  Rome: Republic. Based on 107-110 See handout. The goal is to understand how Roman government evolves after the period of Monarchy. Rome’s government after Monarchy is a Republic, which last from 509 BCE to 31 BCE. No need to take notes. Let’s just talk. Republican Constitution: *Dictator: 6 month period. Only in Crisis. *Consuls: 2.Annual Appointment. Army Commanders. Give name to Year. Chief Executive Magistrates. *Senate: 300+. Life Appointment. Advised Magistrates. Advisory Body. (Legislative + Foreign Affairs Role) *Assemblies: * Centuriate Assembly:Elected Certain Officials (consuls). * Concilium Plebis: Passes ‘People’s Decrees’ Comitia Tributa Populi: Passes Legistlation. Elects Quaestors. 494 BCE Secessio. Plebeian Walk Out. Roman Protests! Fifth Century Struggle of the Orders. Important Concessions to Plebeians: 1. Tribunes of the Plebs. 471 BC 2. Codification of Laws: 12 Tables. 449 BC 3. Lex Canuleia. 445 BC  The Twelve Tables. 449 BC. (The Highlights) If a father thrice surrender a son for sale, the son shall be free from the father. (patria potestas) It is permitted to gather up fruit falling down on another man’s farm. (rustic community) Females shall remain in guardianship even when they have attained [the age of] majority. (women as second class citizens) Intermarriage shall not take place between plebeians and patricians. (codification of patricians as a closed order) If any person has sung or composed against another person a song such as was causing slander or insult to another, he shall be clubbed to death  Events Timeline 753-509 BC: Monarchy 509 BC: Start of Republic Fifth Century BC: Struggle of Orders Fourth Century BC: Rome expands into Central Italy Early Third Century BC: Rome expands into Southern Italy  Events Timeline 753-509 BC: Monarchy 509 BC: Start of Republic Fifth Century BC: Struggle of Orders 494 Secessio 449 12 Tables Fourth Century BC: Rome expands into Central Italy Early Third Century BC: Rome expands into Southern Italy 264 BC-146 BC: Rome Involved in War Abroad (Punic Wars) First Punic War. Victory in No Small Part Came from Ingenious Naval Plan that Made Sailors Soldiers. http://www.newwave.net/~askus/internet%20jpg%20R/romansoldnaug.html; -Becomes- Map of Italy during Punic Wars Map of Italy during Punic Wars Hannibal’s Strategy.Crossing The Alps. http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~qtluong/gallery/slides-alps/folio-alp1.htm Hannibal, his Army, and His Elephants Map of Italy during Punic Wars Punic Wars: Rome & Africa Bookmark:  What nations fought in the Punic Wars? In your opinion, what was the cause(s) of the Punic Wars? Map of Italy during Punic Wars Map of Italy during Punic Wars  Events Timeline *753-509 BC: Monarchy *509 BC: Start of Republic Fifth Century BC: Struggle of Orders *494 Secessio *449 12 Tables Fourth Century BC: Rome expands into Central Italy Early Third Century BC: Rome expands into Southern Italy 264 BC-146 BC: Rome Involved in War Abroad (Punic Wars) *133 BC Late Republic Starts Buzz Words: Vergil, Aeneid (1st century BCE) Aeneas Iulus/Ascanius, son of Aeneas Dido, Queen of Carthage Map of Italy during Punic Wars Rome: Imperialism and Empire Buzz Words: Vergil, Aeneid (1st century BCE) Aeneas Iulus/Ascanius, son of Aeneas Dido, Queen of Carthage Buzz Words: Vergil, Aeneid (1st century BCE) Aeneas Iulus/Ascanius, son of Aeneas Dido, Queen of Carthage