Roman History PDF

From Republic to Empire -Rome was a dangerous place to live around 70 bc -Politicians and generals went to war to increase power -cicero- philsopher and public speaker that called for change -UpperClass romans to work together - limit power of generals - more support to senate and restore checks and...

From Republic to Empire -Rome was a dangerous place to live around 70 bc -Politicians and generals went to war to increase power -cicero- philsopher and public speaker that called for change -UpperClass romans to work together - limit power of generals - more support to senate and restore checks and balances -Julius Caesar- Most powerful general -Admired for bravery and skill -between 58 bc- 50 bc conquered nearly all of Gual ( France) -Powerful speaker -Powerful friends —----> Pompey + Crassus -Together they ruled rome - After about 10 years his power was challenged -Pompey’s Allies wanted caesar to give up command of armies (he refused) - Forces crossed the rubicon in italy, knew war was certain - Pompey and allies fled italy - Defeated pompey’s forces in Greece in 48 bc pompey was killed -Caesar returns to rome+ establishes himself as dicator - Worked to improve roman society but people resented the way he gain power - Concerned he wanted to be king -Senators were angry as he reduced their power -March 15- Known as Ides of March in 44 Bc attacked and stabbed caesar - 2 great leaders take control of rome ( former assistant to caesar -Augustus (adopted son ) -Antony and octavian( augustus) -Polish men who killed caesar - Murders were formed to flee instead of becoming heroes -Riots break out due to caesar’s death - Senate had to quickly restore order due to Caesars death -Senate had to quickly restore order -Anthony+ octavian set out with army to avenge caesar’s death -caught up with killers in philippi -defeat opponenets -after battle last of caesar’s murders kill themselves Octavian becomes Emperor -40 bc antony married octavian’s sister- octavia -8 years Later they divorce and he marries cleopatra, the Queen of egypt -Octavian saw this as an insult to his sister—-> Civil war breaks out -After defeating antony octavian becomes sole ruler of rome - He gained limitless power and took the title princeps—> “first citizen” - Gave up power in 27 bc to the senate and augustus “reserved one” -Romans Growing Empire -Augustus and emperors that follow him further expand empire -conquest prompted trade - needed raw materials -brought in exotic spices and silks -Paid for goods with gold and silver coins -Pax Romana > Roman peace 200 year period that saw peace and prosperity. Lasted until the AD 180’s -Romes Accomplishments -Science and engineering>produced a calendar, learned how to produce more crops and meat, studied works of greek doctors - New structures> aqueducts- Raised channel used to carry water from mountains into cities -Architecture and art -They admired beauty -copied older greek designs - colosseum in rome -realisitic statues -life like portraits - Literature and language -Roman Mythology written by david -Aeneid written by Virgil -Wrote in Latin -Romance languages Italian French, spanish, portuguese and romanian -Law- was their greatest influence -cvil aw- legal system based on written code on law