Unit 2: Basic Concepts of Intelligence PDF

West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus 2024 UNIT 2 - BASIC CONCEPTS OF INTELLIGENCE Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, the student must have; 1. identified and enumerated the concepts in intelligence; and 2. discussed in d...

West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus 2024 UNIT 2 - BASIC CONCEPTS OF INTELLIGENCE Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, the student must have; 1. identified and enumerated the concepts in intelligence; and 2. discussed in detail the different concepts of intelligence. HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW? Test I. Multiple Choice. Read the questions carefully. Write your answer on the space provided. 1. It refers to the knowledge essential to the maintenance of peace and order. A. Internal Security Intelligence B. Public Safety Intelligence C. Criminal Intelligence D. Counter Intelligence 2. There must be adequate security to protect the information, the organization and agent/collector. This statement is; A. partially true B. true C. partially false D. false 3. This type of police intelligence operation concerned with defending the police organization against the activities of criminal elements which seeks to destroy the organization. A. counter intelligence B. line intelligence C. public safety intelligence D. strategic intelligence 4. It is the end product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis, integration and interpretation of all available information regarding the activities of criminal and other law violators. A. intelligence B. counter intelligence C. police intelligence D. line intelligence 5. It is ability of an intelligence officer wherein he/she knows when to talk or keep mouth shut. A. integrity B. flexibility C. discreet D. knowledgeable 6. The quality of an intelligence officer which is able to work with others even under difficult conditions. A. ingenuity B. perceptive C. good memory D. flexibility 7. It is basically concerned with enemy which contributes to winning of war. A. military intelligence B. police intelligence C. counter intelligence D. line intelligence 8. It is also known as intelligence of immediate value. A. police intelligence B. counter intelligence C. strategic intelligence D. line intelligence 9. This motivation applies to those whose main desire is for power. A. Revenge B. Material Gain 1|Unit 2  West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus 2024 C. Personal Prestige D. Friendship 10. It consist of the investigation of the background of the individual, including all the circumstances of his/her personal life. A. Partial Background Investigation B. Complete BackgroundInvestigation C. Local Agency Check D. National Agency Check 11. Specify what procedures to follow in the event of a security breach or incident. A. Incident Handing and Response B. Security Training C. Behavior and Acceptable Use of Policy D. Security Training 12. This type of investigation consist of written inquiries sent to appropriate local government agencies, former employees, character references, listed by the person under investigation. A. Local Agency Check B. National Agency Check C. Background Investigation D. Surveillance Planning 13. It is an inquiry on the character, reputation, discretion and loyalty of an individual in order to determine a person’s suitability. A. Document Security Investigation B. Physical Security Investigation C. Personnel Security Investigation D. Criminal Investigation 14. Which of the following is the characteristics of line intelligence? A. needed daily for police planning and operation. B. long range in nature. C. protects the organization from sabotage and espionage. D. none of these 15. Agent Cardo is still able to work with others even under difficult conditions. This qualities refers to; A. perceptive about people B. adaptability C. ingenuity D. knowledge ability ______16. The book authored by Sun Tzu which is applicable in modern intelligence system entitled; A. art of war B. art of spying C. art of fighting D. art of bombing ______17. According to the excerpt of Sun Tzu, foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits, or from gods or from analogy from past events nor from calculation, he stated it must be obtained from________. A. friends who betrays B. spies who know the enemy C. men who know the enemy situations D. couriers who possess the information ______18. His effort in sending 12 intelligence agents to spy the land of Canaan was recorded formalized intelligence effort which can be found in the holy bible. A. Moses B. Samson C. Rahab D. Jericho ______19. Letter sorting and opening is commonly exercised in jail in order to discover whether there are malcontents of letters being received or sent by inmates, this technique or method of gathering information was devised by _____. A. Alexander the Great B. Julius Ceasar C. Frederick the Great D. Napoleon Bonaparte ______20. She was the harlot of Jericho who sheltered and concealed agents of Israel. A. Rahab B. Hannibal C. Delilah D. Fatima 2|Unit 2  West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus 2024 ACQUIRE NEW KNOWLEDGE Here is your second topic. Read and learn. LESSON 1 – HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1.1. Biblical Setting Moses. The first recorded case of intelligence use is found in the Holy Bible. In the Book of Numbers. Chapter 13, verses 17-20 can be found the instruction of Moses to the sons of the twelve tribes of Israel who were tasked to spy the Promised Land given Canaan. Moses said to them, Go up here in the Negeb, up into the highlands, and see what kind of land it is. Are the people living there strong or weak, few or many? Is the country in which they live good or bad? Are the town in which they dwell open or fortified? Is the soil fertile or barren, wooded or clear? And do your best to get some of the fruit of the land.” The scripture named the 12 agents who reported back to Moses together with the fruits of the land after forty days. Rahab. The second recorded case is found in the Book of Joshua. Chapter 2, verses 1-2, which states, “Then Joshua, son of Nun, secretly sent out two spies from Shittim, saying, ‘Go, reconnoiter the land of Jericho.’ When the two reached Jericho, they went into the house of a harlot named Rahab, where they lodged. But a report was brought to the king of Jericho that some Israelites had come there that night to spy out the land.” In this case Rahab protected the spies of Israel from being captured by the king’s soldiers in exchange for the safety of her family once the Israelites conquered their city. Delilah. The third recorded event in the Bible is the story of Samson and Delilah which can be read in the Book of Judges chapter 16, verses 1-31. Samson was gifted by God with great strength which made him as a formidable enemy of the Philistines after he had killed thousands of their soldiers with a jawbone of an ass. He was the most wanted Israelites that after it was known that he fall in loved with a Philistinian named Delilah, the lords of the Philistines contracted Delilah and used her as a bait to capture Samson. To make the story short, Samson succumb to the sexual manipulation of Delilah that he was deceived to tell the secret of his strength which eventually led to his capture and death. 1.2. Intelligence in the Pre-Modern Era Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great of Macedonia. Greece was also noted to have used intelligence in order to find out the sentiments of his officers and soldiers. While marching his soldiers to Asia, he heard some rumors of disaffection among his allies and mercenaries. He then announced to his officers and men that he was writing home and recommended to his men and officers to do the same. When the couriers were ready to set 3|Unit 2  West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus 2024 out for Greece, he ordered them quietly recalled and proceeded to read their letters. Alexander the Great discovered the truth and the legitimate causes of grievances were exposed thereby giving him the chance to make reforms which improved the morale of his men. Frederick the Great. Frederick the Great of Prussia, better known as the father of military intelligence was the first to classify his spies into four classes, namely: 1) common spies – these are recruited among the poor folk who are glad to earn a small sum of money or to accommodate military officers; 2) double spies- they are informers of unreliable renegades who are chiefly used in spreading false information to the enemy; 3) spies of consequence – they are courtiers and noblemen, staff officers or kindred conspirators invariably requiring a substantial bribe or bait in return for information; 4) Intimidated spies - persons who are forced to spy against their will through threats, intimidation, blackmail, or death. Genghis Khan. Renowned as one of the great barbarian leaders of world history. Genghis Khan achieved his victories not through the untamed fury of his hordes, but through careful planning and organization. Every campaign proceeded on information gathered by an army of spies. This intelligence was passed by horsemen riding along routes provided with rest houses and replacement horses and disseminated to trusted and talented captains subordinate to the great Khan. Only then would Genghis embark on his conquests. Genghis Khan’s conquest of Central Asia was his most remarkable achievement. Through it, he established the Mongol Empire as a threat not only to the ruling Chin dynasty of China, but to Persia, the near East, Russia and Eastern Europe as well. Sun Tzu. A Chinese philosopher who wrote a book entitled “The Art of War” in 500 B.C. became a successful general by applying the principles in his book. His book begins with his statement: “The art of War is of vital importance to the state. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence, under no circumstances can it be neglected.” A chinese philosopher considered the Father of Intelligence. “What is called foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits or from gods, or from analogy to the past events nor from calculations. He wrote “It must be obtained from men who know the enemy situation.” Hannibal. Considered one of the brilliant military who used intelligence in history. Developed an effective intelligence system for 15 years, often disguise as a beggar to gather information. LESSON 2 - THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF INTELLIGENCE 2.1. Intelligence. Is the product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis, interpretation, integration of all the available information which concerns one or more aspect 4|Unit 2  West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus 2024 of various human activity which should be known in advance in order to initiate a particular course of action. 2.2. Police Intelligence. It is the end product resulting from collection, evaluation, analysis, integration and interpretation of all available information regarding the activities of criminal and other law violators. 2.3. Importance of Intelligence o It is vital to enable a nation to formulate its policies, strategic plans and conduct its diplomacy. o Intelligence is needed in order to enable a nation to forestall the activities of its internal and external enemies o It is necessary to detect and prosecute the activities of criminals and subversive elements. o It is vital in providing ample security for the people and the state. o Intelligence plays an important role in the life and survival of a country by providing advance and exact knowledge of the intentions and design of its enemies. 2.4. Desirable Qualities of an Intelligence Officer Knowledge Ability. This refers to the intelligence and mental capacity. Perceptive about people. This refers to the good judgment of personal character. Flexibility/Adaptability. Able to work with others even under difficult conditions. Can distinguish between facts and fiction, between essentials and non- essentials. Possess inquisitiveness or an inquiring mind. Have ingenuity. Able to improvise, look for solution. Able to express ideas clearly, briefly and interestingly. Discipline Patience and Hardworking Good Memory Integrity Discreet. Knows when to talk or keep mouth shut. 2.5. BASIC QUALITIES OF A GOOD INTELLIGENCE OFFICER ACCORDING TO ALLEN W. DULLES, FORMER CIO DIRECTION ▪ Be perceptive about people. ▪ Be able to work well with others under difficult conditions. ▪ Learn to discern between fact and fiction ▪ Be able to distinguish between fact and fiction. ▪ Possess inquisitiveness. ▪ have a large amount of ingenuity 5|Unit 2  West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus 2024 ▪ Pay appropriate attention to detail ▪ Be able to express ideas clearly, briefly and very important, interestingly. ▪ Learn when to keep your mouth shut. LESSON 3- POLICE INTELLIGENCE COMPARED TO MILITARY INTELLIGENCE In as much as police intelligence was derived from military intelligence, there is no major difference between the two except for its objectives or goals. Military intelligence is basically concerned with the enemy and other factors which may contribute to winning the war, while police intelligence is concerned with criminality and prevention. The two systems use the same intelligence cycle in arriving to a definite answer or solution. They are also complimentary to each other, especially with the additional problem that the terrorist organization had brought about to the different democratic government all over the world. LESSON 4- TYPES OF POLICE INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS There are three (3) types of police intelligence operations, namely: 4.1. LINE INTELLIGENCE. This type of police intelligence is also known as INTELLIGENCE OF IMMEDIATE VALUE. It is needed daily for police planning and operation. Line intelligence could take the form of a daily intelligence brief or daily intelligence summary which could be derived from the police blotter, police log book, or the intelligence ledger. Line intelligence must be current, accurate and factual. 4.2. STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE. This intelligence operation is otherwise long range in nature and has little immediate value. This type of intelligence operation is directed towards criminal organizations or syndicates, drug traffickers, subversive organization, terrorist organizations whose activities are hidden in the eyes of the public, or the police. It could be an accumulation of different information on person or organization which is necessary in building-up the case, or may be used as reference in any other case at hand. The Modus Interrogation Reports, Field Reports and other types of reports should be processed for strategic intelligence. 4.3. COUNTER INTELLIGENCE. This type of police intelligence operation is primarily concerned with defending the police organization against the activities of criminal elements or any other groups which seeks to destroy the police department. The security aspects of protecting the police organization against physical intrusion of its facilities, buildings, offices or installation, personnel infiltration’s of bad elements into the department, and breaches in the handling, processing and dissemination of information falls within the ambit of counter intelligence. It also functions as the internal affairs unit of the police organization in as much as it protects the image of the police against bad elements within the ranks. 6|Unit 2  West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus 2024 LESSON 5 - FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF POLICE INTELLIGENCE 5.1. Criminal Intelligence (CRIMINT). This refers to the production of intelligence essential to the prevention of crimes, investigation and arrest and prosecution of criminal offenders. Criminal intelligence is developed by using surveillance, informants, interrogation and search. 5.2. Internal Security Intelligence (INSINT). Refers to the knowledge essential to the maintenance of peace and order. 5.3. Public Safety Intelligence (PUSINT). Refers to the knowledge essentials to ensure the protection of lives and properties. LESSON 6 - PERSONNEL SECURITY Includes all the security measures designed to prevent unsuitable individuals or persons of doubtful loyalty to the Philippine Government, it includes the retention or re-employment of personnel either in public or private. 6.1. Personnel Security Investigation It is an inquiry on the character, reputation, discretion and loyalty of an individual in order to determine a person’s suitability. 6.2. Requisite of Personnel Security Investigation Reasons for investigation Types of investigation desired Classification of the subject 6.3. Sensitive position – is any position within the government that could bring about by virtue of the position a material adverse effect to national security. 6.4. Types of Personnel Security Investigation National Agency Check (NAC) – this is an investigation of an individual made on the basis of written information supplied by him in response to an official inquiry and can be used as reference by the appropriate agency. The national agencies checked under this type of investigation are the following. o National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA) 7|Unit 2  West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus 2024 o National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) o Intelligence Service Armed Forces of the Philippines (ISAFP) o Directorate for Intelligence, National Headquarters PNP o Criminal Investigation and Detection Group, NHQ,PNP Local Agency Check (LAC) – this type of investigation consist of written inquiries sent to appropriate local government agencies, former employees, character references, listed by the person under investigation. The local agencies normally check besides past employment, schools and character references, the following; o Locality where the individual is a resident. o Mayor of the locality where the individual is a resident. o City or municipal police station. o Provincial or City Prosecutors office. o City or Municipal Judge LESSON 7 - Background Investigation (BI) A background check will investigate a candidate’s background based on the criteria determined by their prospective or current employer. A check of the candidate’s background may include employment, education, criminal records, credit history, motor vehicle and license record checks. This is much more comprehensive investigation than the NAC and LAC. This investigation might; 7.1. Complete Background Investigation (CBI) – consist of the investigation of the background of the individual, including all the circumstances of his/her personal life. 7.2. Partial Background Investigation (PBI) – consist of the investigation of the background of the individual but limited only to some of the circumstances of his/her personal life which are deem pertinent to investigation. 7.3. Motives that Cause People to Be Disloyal Revenge – this is one of the strongest motivations in order to betray even a country, best friend, member of the family or to avenge him/herself on people hated. Material gain – some people become disloyal because of material gain. 8|Unit 2  West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus 2024 Personal Prestige – this motivation applies to those whose main desire is for power. Friendship – allies to other country, company or organization Ideological belief – a form of social or political philosophy, or a system of beliefs that aspires a person to betray another. LESSON 8 - PRINCIPLES OF INTELLIGENCE 8.1. The principles of Objectivity (thoroughly and carefully planned). In intelligence, only the well-guided succeed. It is a basic intelligence concept that there should be unity between knowledge and action. 8.2. The principle of Interdependence. Intelligence is artificially subdivided into component elements to ensure complete coverage, eliminate duplication and reduce the overall task or manageable task. 8.3. The principle of Continuity. It is necessary that coverage be continuous so that the shape of what happens today could be studied in the light of what happened before, which in turn would enable us to predict the shape of things to come 8.4. The principle of Communication. Intelligence adequate to their needs must be communicated to all the decision-makers in the manner that they will permit its most effective used. 8.5. The principle of Usefulness. Intelligence is useless if it remains in the minds, or files of its collectors or producers. The story must be told and it must be told well. The story must be convincing and shows significance. 9|Unit 2  West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus 2024 8.6. The principle of Flexibility (Ability to adapt to a new situation). Intelligence must have the ability to change or be changed according to circumstances. Hence, alternatives must be drawn. 8.7. The principle of Selection (Fits the need of the commander). Intelligence must be essential and pertinent to the purpose at hand. It involves plowing through maze of information, the considerable and innumerable number of means or of picking the most promising multitudes of leads. 8.8. The principle of Timeliness. Intelligence must be communicated to the decision maker at the appropriate time to permit its most effective used. 8.9. The principle of Security. Security is achieved by the measures which intelligence takes to protect and preserve the integrity of its activities. FURTHER READINGS www.unodc.org – Criminal intelligence: Manual for analysts Textbook in Police Intelligence and Secret Service by Bayani Salamanca (2017) Scribd.com/presentation - Review Ppt in Police Intelligence and Secret Service (2014) 10 | U n i t 2  West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus 2024 APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE Activity No. 1– Acrostic Poem. Using the word INTELLIGENCE, make a poem about your ideal intelligence officer. Write your answer on the space provided. (25 points) I N T E L L I G E N C E Activity No. 2– Discuss. Explain briefly the importance of intelligence. Start here: End here. 11 | U n i t 2  West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus 2024 ALL I KNOW ABOUT THIS MODULE (15 points) What I have learned from the lesson presented. 12 | U n i t 2  West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus 2024 REFERENCES Sumad-on, D.T., 2020. Fundamentals of Investigation and Intelligence. Wiseman’s Book Trading, Inc. Vicente, J.B. et al., 2016. Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation. Wiseman’s Book Trading, Inc. 13 | U n i t 2