Police Intelligence - ARELLANO UNIVERSITY PDF

ARELLANO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION POLICE INTELLIGENCE Police Intelligence- end-product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis, integration, collation and interpretation of all available information which concer...

ARELLANO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION POLICE INTELLIGENCE Police Intelligence- end-product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis, integration, collation and interpretation of all available information which concerns one or more aspects of criminal activity significant to police planning operation. The gathering of information regarding the activities of criminals and other law violators for the purpose of affecting their arrests, obtaining evidence of their activities and forestalling their plans to commit a crime. General Categories of Police Intelligence: 1. Strategic Intelligence- intelligence which is not of practical and immediate operational value but rather long range, which may become relevant to future police operation. It is usually descriptive in nature, accumulation of physical description of personalities, modus operandi. 2. Line Intelligence - processed information coming from the overt and covert sources that affect police operations and harmony with the community and other government agencies. It is a knowledge which contributes directly to accomplishment of specific objectives of immediate concern such as raids, arrests, etc. It must be current, concise and factual to reduce probability of guesswork in police planning and operation. 3. Counter-Intelligence - It is an activity dedicated to the counter concealment and protection of one’s own information and detection, prevention, and neutralization of any activity inimical to the harmony and best interest of the police organization. Counter Intelligence are divided into PASSIVE and ACTIVE measures. Basic Principles of Intelligence Operations 1. Intelligence is Continuous- the basic principle of intelligence operation is that intelligence activities follow a simple cycle, which is continuous. 2. Intelligence and operations are Interdependent- operational plans depend greatly on the intelligence on that particular activity. 3. Intelligence Must Be Useful- means that the useful logical decisions can be made if relevant intelligence is available. 4. Intelligence must be Timely- timeless is so essential that even completeness and accuracy may be sacrificed to a certain extent. 5. Intelligence Operation Must Be Flexible- intelligence operation are based on reason and sound judgment. 6. Intelligence Operations Require Imagination And Foresight- the agent must be given the leeway to use his resourcefulness to obtained more than what is normally required. 7. Intelligence Require Constant Security Measures- in the handling of classified materials, there should be a working balance between secrecy and operational expediency. 8. Intelligence is a command responsibility 9. Intelligence require careful and thorough planning 10. Intelligence operation are influenced by elements present in the operational environment. The Task of Procurement and Collection of Intelligence – The collection represent the culling of information from numerous sources such as; 1. Newspaper 2. Magazines 3. Internet 4. Radio message Intercepts 5. Public and private library 6. Public and private establishment 7. General public 8. Other similar in nature Procurement - as used in intelligence parlance is the aggressive effort to acquire certain specific information which may not be readily available. To this end, a number of means maybe used. These are: 1. The classical intelligence such as human being to gather information 2. The modern and technical intelligence which employs machine such as satellites, electronic gadgets to gather information. Kinds of Agents used in the procurement of information 1. Agent in place – an agent who has been recruited by an intelligence service within a highly sensitive target, who is just beginning a career or have been long or (outsider) insider 2. Double agent – an enemy agent who has been captured, turn around and sent back where he came from as an agent of his captors 3. Expendable agent – an agent through whom false information is leaked to the enemy 4. Penetration agent – agent who have reached the enemy, get information and would manage to get back alive 5. Agent of influence – an agent who uses influence to gain information Sources of Police Information Collection Activities 1. Routine patrol 2. Surveillance 3. Criminal investigation 4. Interrogations 5. Search and Seizures 6. Cordon and search 7. Checkpoints 8. Police Public relation activities 9. Coordination of various jails, national penitentiary, military stockade 10. Statistics Sources of Information 1. Persons 2. Places 3. Things  THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE Intelligence Cycle. It is the process through which intelligence is obtained, produced, and made available to users. A cyclical steps followed from intelligence planning to the dissemination of processed information. It is a repetitive process used to produce intelligence from information. Four Phases of Intelligence Cycle 1. Planning the Collection Effort. Consists of determination of intelligence requirements, intelligence priorities, indicators, specific orders or requirements/selection of collection agencies, time and place the information is to be reported, and supervising the execution of orders and requests. 2. Collection. Systematic exploitation of sources of information by collection agencies and the delivery of the information obtained to the proper intelligence unit or agency. Sources of Information- persons, things, or actions from which information about the enemy, weather or terrain is derived. Types of Source: Open Source; Non-Open 3. Processing. Steps in the intelligence cycle in which the information is converted into intelligence. Steps Involved in the Processing of Information a) Recording-reducing of information to writing or some other form of graphical representation and the arranging of information into groups of related items b) Evaluation- determination of the pertinence, reliability, and accuracy of the information. Pertinence- area of operation and who needs it, if so, by whom and when? Reliability- sources of information by which it was collected Accuracy- probable truth of the information EVALUATION RATING OF COLLECTED INFORMATION EVALUATION OF SOURCE ACCURACY OF ITEM SOURCE A- Completely Reliable 1- Confirmed by other Source T- Direct observation by a commander of a unit B- Usually Reliable 2- Probably True U- Report by a penetration or resident agent C- Fairly Reliable 3- Possibly True V- Report by an AFP trooper or PNP personnel in encounter or operation D- Not Usually Reliable 4- Doubtfully True W- Interrogation of a captured enemy agent or foreigner E- Unreliable 5- Improbable X- Observation by a government or civilian employee or official F- Reliability Cannot be Judged 6- Truth cannot be Judged Y-Observation by a member of populace Z- Documentary c) Interpretation/Analysis- determination of the significance of the information relative to the information and the intelligence already known and drawing deductions about the probable meaning of the evaluated information. Activities Involved in the Interpretation of Information (1) Assessment- sifting and sorting of evaluated information to isolate insignificant elements with respect to the mission and operation of the unit. (2) Integration- combination of elements isolated and analyzed and other known information to form a logical picture on hypothesis of enemy activities or influence of operational area, characteristics on the mission of the units. (3) Deduction- designed to answer the question, ” What does the information means in relation to the area of operation and the enemy situation? What could possibly happen because of all these? Where is all these leading to?” The interpreter determines the significance of the information as to the meaning of the integrated information. 4. Dissemination and Use of Intelligence Consideration: Timeliness; Propriety Methods: Personal contact; Messages; Intelligence Documents such as: intelligence reports, summaries, imagery interpretation reports, document analysis reports, periodic intelligence reports, tactical interrogation reports, technical intelligence reports, ORBAT Handbook, intelligence annexes, etc. Counter Intelligence. The aspects of police intelligence to all security measures, both offensive(active) and defensive(passive) designed to ensure the safeguarding of information, personnel, material and installation against espionage, sabotage and subversion by foreign nations and dissident groups or individuals that constitute threat to national security. Aims/Objectives of Counter Intelligence 1. Prevent enemy from espionage, sabotage, or subversion. 2. Security of offices or services. 3. Deny the enemy of any knowledge. 4. Aid the activity to achieve surprises. 5. Detect possible disaffection, treason or sedition within own forces. Measures for Effective Counter Intelligence 1. Passive (Defensive)- CI measures that seek to conceal information from the enemy e.g. secrecy discipline, communication security, concealment, camouflage 2. Active (Offensive)- CI measures that seek to actively block enemy attempt to gain information or block enemy effort to engage in espionage, sabotage or subversion. This includes detection, prevention and neutralization. DOCUMENT SECURITY Document- any recorded information, regardless of its physical form or characteristics and includes but is not limited to the following: 1. Written matter, whether handwritten, printed or typed; 2. All printed, drawn or engraved matters; 3. All sound and voice recordings; 4. All printed photographs and exposed or printed films, still or moving; and 5. All productions of the foregoing for whatever purposes. Classified Matters- refers to any Information or material in any form or of any nature, the safeguarding of which is necessary in the interest of national security. The term “classified police information” or “classified military information” includes all information concerning documents, cryptographic devices, developments, projects, and materials falling in the category of “top secret”, “secret”, “confidential”, or “restricted”. Four (4) Categories of Classified Matters (PNPR 200-0121) 1. Top Secret- information and material whose unauthorized disclosure would cause exceptionally grave damage to the Country. 2. Secret- information and material whose unauthorized disclosure would endanger national security, cause serious injury to the interest and prestige of a nation or of any government activity or would be of great advantage to a foreign nation. 3. Confidential- information and material whose unauthorized disclosure would be prejudicial to the interest or prestige of the nation or government activity or would cause administrative embarrassment or unwanted injury to an individual or would be an advantage to a foreign nation. 4. Restricted- information and material that require special protection other than that determined to be top secret, secret or confidential