Unit 0 Perfusion History Study Guide (1).docx

Unit 0: Perfusion History Study Guide Concepts of the exam: Focus on influential events/discoveries in the development of CPB Have working knowledge of individuals we covered and their direct contributions to the development and use of CPB. Be able to trace the development and improvements that oc...

Unit 0: Perfusion History Study Guide Concepts of the exam: Focus on influential events/discoveries in the development of CPB Have working knowledge of individuals we covered and their direct contributions to the development and use of CPB. Be able to trace the development and improvements that occurred from the 1950s to modern times. Focus on major developments (oxygenator technology, conduct of bypass change, etc). Early History: Who is responsible for the “theory of circulation” DaVinci: first to realize that blood was perhaps in the arteries, and valves made blood move in one direction. Who discovered, and when, the 3 different blood groups? Who demonstrated that black blood could have air whipped through it to change its color to red? And Experimented with limbs and decapitated heads of criminals? Who had the concept that bubbling air through black blood would provide oxygen to blood? (ie, “bubbler”) History leading to the development of CPB Who is credited with the discovery of Heparin? Who was the first to enter the chest with access to the heart by splitting the sternum? Who won the Nobel prize based on transplantation and perfusion research? Who is responsible for the first heart catheterization, and who did he perform it on? (hint: himself!) Who developed the first heart-lung machine, functioning with a rotating cylinder that oxygenated blood via film of blood spread over the cylinder with air current, and pump for circulation? Which two people discovered that protamine neutralizes heparin? Who developed a valve replacement that consists of a caged ball? History 1950s to modern When was the first successful cardiopulmonary bypass performed, and who was the operating surgeon? (Date and person) What was the surgical procedure performed? Who pioneered cross circulation as a means to connect a donor patient to a surgical patient to provide support and oxygenation during an open heart procedure? Be familiar with Dr. Gibbon’s contributions in the development of improved cardiopulmonary bypass operation (slide 22) What was one of the major drawbacks to the use of a disc oxygenator versus a bubbler oxygenator? (hint: the disc oxygenator needed a huge amount of this precious resource, often donated by family the morning of surgery). In what decade did total non-blood prime of CPB circuits start? When was the first successful heart transplant performed, and by whom? (Date and person) What decade was the first successful CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass with Graft) performed? In what decade was blood cardioplegia introduced? In what decade were microporous membrane oxygenators first used? Be familiar with the advancements of the 1990s in development of CPB (slide 34) Be familiar with the advancements of the early 2000s in development of CPB (slide 35). ECMO What doctor is responsible for a significant drop in mortality, using ECMO, to 20% during the 1980s? Be familiar with aspects of the development of ECMO from the 1990s and early 2000s (slide 45).