Biological Evolution of Early Humans to Modern Humans Topic 7 PDF

BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE We Transform Lives  Cultural Evolution of Early Humans to MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE Modern Humans We Transform Lives Obj...

BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE We Transform Lives  Cultural Evolution of Early Humans to MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE Modern Humans We Transform Lives Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the learners should have learned to: 1. Explain the development of cultural technologies that made the early humans successful in acquiring food and surviving predators; 2. Discuss the differences between Paleolithic and Neolithic Era; and 3. Show evidence of progressive improvement in the tool making technology of the early humans. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES How did societies transform through time? MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES  EVOLUTION in biology, is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection. The process by which beings develop from earlier beings. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES  ARCHAELOGY is the study of the human past using material remains. These remains can be any objects that people created, modified, or used. Archaeologists are scientists who study human history by digging up human remains and artifacts. The word archaeologist can also be spelled archeologist. It comes from the Greek root archaeo-, for "ancient, primitive." MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES Lifestyle Paleolithic people were nomads who lived in tribes and relied on hunting, fishing and gathering wild fruits. They hunted animals like bison, mammoths, bears and deer. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES Lifestyle The Neolithic era began when humans discovered agriculture and raising cattle, which allowed them to no longer have a nomadic lifestyle. They were able to settle in fertile areas with predictable climate, usually near river basins. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES Important Discoveries and Inventions Perhaps the most important invention of Paleolithic man was language. A close second was their discovery of how to control fire. They also discovered the use of unpolished stone tools. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES Important Discoveries and Inventions The agricultural revolution in the early Neolithic era had a profound impact on the human species. They also discovered the use of polished stone tools. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES Health and longevity Life expectancy was 35.4 years for men and 30.0 years for women in the late Paleolithic era (30000 to 9000 BC). In the early Neolithic era (7000 to 5000 BC) this fell to 33.6 and 29.8 years, and in the late Neolithic era (5000 to 3000 BC) fell even further to 33.1 and 29.2 years respectively. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES Health and longevity Another interesting physiological change was a decline in pelvic inlet depth, making childbirth more difficult in the Neolithic era compared with the Paleolithic era. Diseases like tooth cavities, malaria, tuberculosis and typhoid fever are first known to have occurred in the Neolithic era. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES Tools Tools and weapons like harpoons, lances, axes, choppers and awls were used In the Paleolithic era. Neolithic era tools were more sophisticated. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES Tools A variety of tools were invented in the New Stone age, such as sickle blades and grinding stones for agriculture, and pottery and bone implements for food production. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES Art Paleolithic people are believed to have animistic religious beliefs. They decorated walls of their cave dwellings with pictures of animals, including deer, bison and mammoths. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES Art The human figure became more important in Neolithic art, often paints scenes with groups of people hunting, farming or dancing in wall. Some figures in their paintings were very schematic. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES Religion Paleolithic people believed in animism or spirits that controlled their environment and animals around them. Small stone statues of pregnant women may suggest worship of fertility or nature. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES Religion During the Neolithic Age, there were numerous religious rites related to the climate and crops. The first temples, or places of worship, and the first priests appeared during this time. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES  Paleolithic Neolithic Paleo=old; Lithic=stone Neo=new; Lithic=stone Meaning The Paelolithic era is also called Neolithic era is also call the New the Old Stone age. Stone age. Sedentary. They farmed in permanent settlements and Nomadic; tribal society; hunters Lifestyle raised/herded animals; agriculture and gatherers was discovered and became a major source of food Chipped stone, wooden weapons, Tools polished stone tools unpolished stone tools Neolithic people had lower life expectancy. Diseases like tooth cavities and typhoid emerged in Paleolithic people lived longer Health the new stone age. Neolithic than neolithic people women had more children because the life style was no longer nomadic. Art Cave Paintings Wall Paintings Agriculture and tools with Main Discovery Fire; Rough stone tools polished stones Hunted and gathered for their They grew crops such as rice, corn, Food food supply. wheat, beans, etc. MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES  References https://www.diffen.com/difference/Neolithic_vs_Paleolithic Mariano M. Ariola (2016). Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Room 215 ICP Building, Cabildo St., Intramuros, Manila, Unlimited Books Library Services and Publishing Inc. Antonio P. Contreras, Arleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz, Dennis S. Erasga, Cecile C. Fadrigon (2016). Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. 927 Quezon Avenue., Quezon City, Phoenix Publishing House Inc. https://www.google.com/search? q=paleolithic+vs+mesolithic+vs+neolithic&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjN5rT45MPzAhUUad4KHdoVAxk Q2- cCegQIABAA&oq=paleolithic+vs+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgCMgUIABCABDIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIA EMgUIABCABDIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEMgUIABCABDIFCAAQgAQyBggAEAgQHjIGCAAQCBAeO gQIABBDOggIABCABBCxAzoLCAAQgAQQsQMQgwE6CAgAELEDEIMBOgoIABCxAxCDARBDUL mRAVj1ggJg2LwCaABwAHgEgAF9iAHFIpIBBTM0LjE0mAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWewAQDA AQE&sclient=img&ei=5u1kYc3bCZTS- Qbaq4zIAQ&bih=577&biw=1280&rlz=1C1JZAP_enPH967PH967#imgrc=e0csbH8aKrADgM MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE | WE TRANSFORM LIVES