Topic 2 Physical Development.pptx

Topic 2 Early Childhood Development and Learning Physical Development  Objectives 1. Have knowledge about children’s physical development 2. Link children’s physical developmental processes with early childhood educational practices.  Newborn size &...

Topic 2 Early Childhood Development and Learning Physical Development  Objectives 1. Have knowledge about children’s physical development 2. Link children’s physical developmental processes with early childhood educational practices.  Newborn size & appearance A full-term baby weighs 3.4 kg on average Length is around 40 to 50 cm. The head is large in proportion to the body. Boys tend to be longer and heavier than girls. Newborns will lose up to 10% of birth weight in first few days. The majority have gained it back by day 14. Turns to sounds, responds to voice. Sleeps up to 18 hours a day. 3  Newborn - senses Sensitive to pain Prefer sweet tastes Hearing well developed: link to noises heard in the uterus or womb Vision is less well developed 4 Brain Growth Most neurons present at birth: 100 billion! By 2 years, brain is 80% of adult size Connections made between neurons: 1,000 trillion by 3 years! 5 Neurons 6  Brain growth By age 6, child’s brain is 90% of adult size Up to age 10, cerebral cortex is still growing After age 10, brain shrinks in some areas: pruning  Results in more efficiency in brain functions  BUT poorer judgement and decision making in teenage years. From birth to 3 - perceptual and motor development  Gross and fine motor skill  Gross motor skill: those which require whole body movement and which involve the large muscles of the body to perform everyday functions  E.g.: walking, running , jumping  Fine motor skill: the coordination between small muscles, like those of the hands and fingers, with the eyes.  E.g.: using pencils, scissors, construction with lego or duplo  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xd802M7NFJs Ability to move  Fine/Gross motor skills One year old Bangs two objects together Puts objects into container Takes objects out of container Lets objects go voluntarily Tries to imitate scribbling SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/interactive/miles tones/] 11  Fine motor skills Two years old Scribbles on his or her own Turns over container to pour out contents Builds tower of four blocks or more Might use one hand more often than the other SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/interactive/milestones/] 12  Fine motor skills Three years old Circular lines with pencil or crayon Turns book pages one at a time Builds a tower of more than six blocks Holds a pencil in writing position Screws and unscrews jar lids, nuts, and bolts Turns rotating handles SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/interactive/milestones/] 13  Fine motor skills Four years old Copies square shapes Draws a person with 2-4 body parts Uses scissors Draws circles and squares Begins to copy some capital letters SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/interactive/milestones/] 14  Fine motor skills Five years old Copies triangle and other shapes Draws person with body Prints some letters Dresses and undresses without help Uses fork, spoon, and (sometimes) a table knife SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/interactive/miles tones/] Usually cares for own toilet needs 15  Fine motor skills Six years old Have very good pencil control Writing becomes more adult-like and they can draw well SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/inte ractive/milestones/] 16  Gross motor skills Two years old Walks alone Pulls toys behind her while walking Carries large toy or several toys while walking Begins to run Stands on tiptoe Kicks a ball Climbs onto and down from furniture unassisted Walks up and down stairs holding on to support SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/interactive/milestones/] 17  Gross motor skills Three years old Climbs well Walks up and down stairs Kicks ball Runs easily Pedals tricycle Bends over easily without falling SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/interactive/milestones/] 18  Gross motor skills Four years old Hops and stands on one foot up to five seconds Goes upstairs and downstairs without support Kicks ball forward Catches bounced ball most of the time Moves forward and backward with agility SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/interactive/milestones/] 19  Gross motor skills Five years old Stands on one foot for 10 seconds or longer Swings May be able to skip SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/interactive/miles tones/] 20  Gross motor skills Six years old Constantly ‘on the go’ Active and energetic; rush about and bang into things Body is well co-ordinated, alert and strong Eye and hand work together so that bat and ball games are more successful https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cULCI7RcSOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1iQ [http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/inte ractive/milestones/] 21 Dentition (teeth) - Teeth form before birth in the gums -Beginning about 3/4 months - take everything to mouth; - First teeth emerge about 5-9 months; - At 24 months, about 20 teeth  Dentition Six years old Beginning to lose first teeth as the second ones come through SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/inte ractive/milestones/] 23 3 to 6/7 children’s perceptual and motor development  Physical Growth Slower overall rate of growth 2-3 inches per year 5 pounds (2 kg) per year Body proportions change – Body and legs are longer – Flatter stomach 6/7 to 12 children’s perceptual and motor development  Physical growth Average 7 year old: 49 inches (1.24m), 55 pounds (25kg) Average 11 year old: 58 inches (1.47m), 80 pounds (36kg) No gender differences in size at age 9. By age 11, girls are 1.5 inches taller and 8 pounds heavier. Boys will be taller and heavier by age 14.  Discussion  Are there any environmental factors that affect (negatively or positively) the physical development and growth of children?  When children are young, can we train them to speed up their motor development?