The Sexual Self PDF
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Uploaded by CredibleMothman
World Citi Colleges
2018
John Castro
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Summary
This PDF document provides a detailed overview of the sexual self, covering topics such as the development of sex characteristics, the human reproductive system, sexual arousal, and the phases of sexual response. It also includes information on attraction, love, and attachment, and explores the concept of sexual orientation. The material is sourced from Understanding the Self, published in 2018.
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THE SEXUAL SELF Mr. John Castro UNDERSTANDING THE SELF DEVELOPMENT OF SEX CHARACTERISTICS AND HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Primary sex characteristics – physical characteristics present at birth. These are the characteristics that distinguish male and female. Secondary sex characteristics...
THE SEXUAL SELF Mr. John Castro UNDERSTANDING THE SELF DEVELOPMENT OF SEX CHARACTERISTICS AND HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Primary sex characteristics – physical characteristics present at birth. These are the characteristics that distinguish male and female. Secondary sex characteristics – develop onset of puberty. For women, these are enlargement of breast, menstruation, widening of hips, enlargement of buttocks and growth of pubic hair. For men, testicular growth, sperm production, appearance of facial, pubic, and other body hair and deepening of voice. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM The reproductive system is a system of sex organs designed for reproduction and sexual function. The female’s reproductive system composed of clitoris, vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes and two ovaries. Clitoris – erectile tissue swells with blood and hardens when women is aroused. Vagina – muscular tube that serves as the receptacle for the penis and carrier of the sperm to the uterus. Uterus – hollow organ where the fertilized embryo grows to become a fetus. The lower part called the cervix(passageway between uterus and vagina that expands during childbirth. Fallopian tubes – carry the fertilized egg from the ovary to the uterus. 260 days – approximate duration of fertilization to birth. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM The male reproductive system composed of penis, testes, scrotum, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, vas deferens and the epididymis. Penis–organ where male urinates and deliver sperm cells into the vagina during sexual intercourse. Testes – also called testicles,located in a loose pouch-like sac of skin called scrotum are responsible for the production of sperm cells and male sex hormones. Prostate gland/Seminal vesicles – produce semen and nourish the sperm cells. Vas deferens – transport the sperm-containing fluid called semen. Epididymis – a set of coiled ducts connected to the vas deferens where the sperm cells are stored. Ejaculation – release of sperm cells from the penis. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Approximately contains 300 to 500 million sperm cells. Sperm cells can live up to 48 hours inside the uterus. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. SEXUAL AROUSAL AND EROGENOUS ZONES Human sexual arousal is complex. It may be produced by direct stimulation of the body’s erogenous zones on the areas of the body that provide pleasure. Erogenous zones – areas of the body which are highly sensitive and produce sexual responses which stimulated. Genitals, mouth, breasts, ears, anus and the lesser degree, the entire surface of the body. Sexual stimulation – masturbation or self-stimulation that causes sexual pleasure or orgasm. Other sexual activities such as intimate kissing, cuddling, necking, petting or touching the erogenous zones may be uniquely important to sexual arousal. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. SEXUAL AROUSAL AND EROGENOUS ZONES In humans, the brain is where the sexual desire originates and when sexual behavior is controlled. Cognitive factors play an important role in sexual arousal in humans. Culture also influences the expression of sexual desire. Norms continue to shape sexual activity along socially acceptable behavior. In other cultures, masturbation and premarital sex are discouraged. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. THE PHASES OF SEXUAL RESPONSE Excitement phase – the beginning of sexual arousal and can last from one minute to several hours. Plateau phase – the changes in the body continue. Orgasmic phase – contractions of the muscles in and around the penis stimulate the release of the semen which contains sperm cells. Resolution phase – the body returns to its normal state after orgasm. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. ATTRACTION, LOVE AND ATTACHMENT As adolescents grow and mature, they make new patters of relationships and commitments with other people. During adolescence, dating and courtship emerge and become increasingly important. Puberty is the stage in sexual development The first time that boys and girls experience their sexual attraction. Social exchange theory – proposes that attraction is the result of an exchanged process. Liking, trust and love. Romantic love includes a complex combination of different emotions such as fear, anger, sexual desire, joy and jealousy. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. ATTRACTION, LOVE AND ATTACHMENT Robert Stenberg – three components of love which are intimacy, passion and commitment. Intimacy – feelings of closeness, connectedness and bondedness. Passion – drives that lead to romance, physical attraction and sexual consummation. Commitment – refers to decision to love and commitment to maintain that love. Helen Fisher – biological anthropologists and expert in science. The important ingredients of romantic love are lust, attraction and attachment. Lust is driven by desire for sexual gratification. Attraction associated with sexual attraction. Attachment occurs when individual desire connect with another person intimately. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. SEXUAL ORIENTATION S.O.G.I.E. – Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Expression Sexual Orientation – a person’s sexual identity anchored on what gender they are attracted to. Heterosexuality – attracted to the opposite sex. Homosexuality – attracted to same sex. Cisgender – your gender identity matches with your assigned sex at birth Transgender – your gender identity didn’t match with your assigned sex at birth. - Transman – a woman changed his gender to man. - Transwoman – a man changed her gender to woman. Bisexual – attracted to both sexes. Asexual – no attraction to any sexes. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS(STIs) AND EARLY PREGNANCY Sexually Transmitted Infections(STIs) or Sexually Transmitted Diseases – contracted primarily through sexual contact(vaginal, oral or anal sex). Many STIs affect the sex organs themselves while others have broader and more life-threatening effects. Bacterial infections are treatable with antibiotics but there are some diseases needed more medical attention. Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom or HIV/AIDS – infections are caused by direct contact with body fluids such as through blood transfusion, breastfeed and sexual intercourse. It attacks the immune system and the infected person eventually dies. Gonorrhea – cause by gonococcal bacteria which attack the lning of the mucous membrane such as the mouth, throat, vagina and urethra. It can be treated by penicillin or other antibiotics. Syphillis – infects the genital areas and other parts of the body including the brain and can cause paralysis or even death when left untreated. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS(STIs) AND EARLY PREGNANCY Chlamydia – caused by the bacterium chlamydia trachomatis. In men, chlamydia can cause swollen testicles and a burning sensation during urination. It can result in sterility among women if left untreated because it damages the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Genetal herpes – can cause itching and tingling sensations, abscesses and blisters in the genital area. There is no cure for herpes. Genital warts – caused by the human papillomavirus and women with human papillomavirus are prone to cervical cancer. It can be removed, but it can recur. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. PRACTICE SAFE SEX. USE CONDOM. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION AND THE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LAW Virginity is a social construct and sex education is necessary to everyone. We need to be educated in a different forms of contraception. Condom Oral Contraceptive Pills Intrauterine Device or IUD Birth Control Injection Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION AND THE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LAW In the calendar method, the number of days in each menstrual cycle is recorded and the couple avoids sex during the fertile period. Cervical mucus method/Billings Ovulation Method – a type of natural family planning method based on careful observation of mucus patters during the course of the menstrual cycle. This can help if a woman can conceive or not. Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 or Reproductive Health Law – guarantees universal access to methods of contraception, fertility control, sex education and maternal care. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. THE MATERIAL SELF Mr. John Castro UNDERSTANDING THE SELF MATERIAL SELF The self is everything that an individual considers to be his or her, not only the body and material possession but also his or her reputation and beliefs. The self, is composed of the material self which is the manifestation of one’s identity through his material possessions. Body – appreciate the physical characteristics of the body. Clothes – something people wear. Clothes represent the self. House, car, and other things – he or she considers as his or her possession. Pets – symbolically define a person’s identity. A person’s pet could be an expression of one’s social status, pride and prestige, as in owning a dog or cat of a very expensive breed. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. MATERIAL SELF According to Russell Belk, material possessions act as an objective manifestation of the self. Material possessions can be a reflection of hard work and success. People tend to measure success through the amount of their material possessions. Defining the self by material possessions can also contribute to a feeling of well- being, including a sense of personal growth and purpose or meaning in life. However, the lack or loss of material possessions can be disruptive to one’s mental health or losing something in an unexpected circumstances. Materialism – giving more importance to material possession than intangible values. Compulsive Buying Disorder – an obsession with shopping and buying behaviors that can cause adverse consequences. Consumerism – the consumption of material goods and services in excess of one’s basic needs. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. THE SPIRITUAL SELF Mr. John Castro UNDERSTANDING THE SELF SPIRITUAL SELF The spiritual aspect of the self is the inner essence, the part that self that connects the person to the sacred, the supernatural and the universe. Enables the feelings of oneness to the higher being. Understanding and nurturing the spiritual self is as important as with the other aspects of the self. The family, school and church play a very important role in a child’s spiritual development. Spirituality begins at an early age but develops throughout life as people continuously interact in the environment. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. SPIRITUALITY Spiritus – Latin word meaning breath or life force. Spirituality can be understood as the search for the sacred, a process through which people seek to discover, hold on to, and transform whatever they hold sacred in their lives. A search for wholeness and a relationship with a transcendent being. The sacred transcendence could refer to a higher being. Spirituality – in Christianity, the term “Spirit” describe the Holy Spirit. Religion – is an organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural along with associated ceremonial practices by which people try to interpret and/or control influence aspects of the universe beyond one’s life. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. SPIRITUALITY Spiritus – Latin word meaning breath or life force. Spirituality can be understood as the search for the sacred, a process through which people seek to discover, hold on to, and transform whatever they hold sacred in their lives. A search for wholeness and a relationship with a transcendent being. The sacred transcendence could refer to a higher being. Spirituality – in Christianity, the term “Spirit” describe the Holy Spirit. Religion – is an organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural along with associated ceremonial practices by which people try to interpret and/or control influence aspects of the universe beyond one’s life. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. SEARCH FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE Man’s Search for Meaning by Victor Frankl – sharing his personal experiences in the Nazi concentration camp. A prisoner passes through three major phases in the camp. 1. The prisoner is in a state of shock. 2. Apathy – a blunting of emotions and feeling that one could not care anymore. 3, Liberation – experienced depersonalization or a state in which everything seemed unreal and unlikely. Logotherapy – the pursuit of human existence as well as on man’s search for such a meaning. The striving to find a meaning in one’s life is the primary motivational force in a man. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. SEARCH FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE The Three Different ways to Discover meaning of life 1. Achievements and accomplishments 2. Experiencing something or someone, such as loving a person. 3. Suffering Animism – is also the belief that things and places are alive and grounded by a supernatural order. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. THE POLITICAL SELF Mr. John Castro UNDERSTANDING THE SELF POLITICAL SELF The hierarchical structure of the family influences the political self through the obligations and expectations associated with one’s role as a member of the family and the power and status related with one’s position in the family. Understanding the concept of politics. Concepts of political community, socialization, social interaction and citizenship. Influence of family, school, church, peers and media on the development of politics. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. UNDERSTANDING POLITICS Politics – A social institution though which power is acquired and exercised by people and groups.(Kendall) Politics – the role that politics and the political community must play in bringing about the virtuous life in the citizenry. (Aristotle) Politics is an important part of human development because it promotes ideologies about democracy, citizenship, human rights, freedom, family, health, and other social issues. Citizenship – the most basic identification with the nation. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. ORIGINS OF POLITICAL SELF The family is the basic form of hierarchical structure that requires each member to perform his or her roles. It carries a set of rights, responsibilities and expectations. It consists of status, obligations, influences and power that differ to each members. Father, mother and children. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018. THEORY OF THE POLITICAL SELF Social Learning Theory – a person can acquire learning through observation and imitation. Political socialization – the lifelong process by which individuals gain knowledge about politics. Cognitive theory – suggest that the mental activities like knowledge, perception, ideas of individuals are important determinants of behavior. Theory of Symbolic Interaction – suggest that behaviors are products of communication, meaning and symbols. Theory of political participation – can be defined as citizen’s actions or activities anchored in politics. Any activity concerning the government and governance of the states is an example of political participation. Source: Ramirez, Normaliza C., et al.Understanding the Self. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.2018.