The Life of Jose Rizal Part I-IV PDF

The Life of Jose Rizal Part I "...my past, my present and my future, my life, my love, pleasures. I have sacrificed all of these for love of her. Happen what may, I shall die blessing her and desiring the dawn of her redemption."\ --- Dr. Jose Rizal **José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda*...

The Life of Jose Rizal Part I "...my past, my present and my future, my life, my love, pleasures. I have sacrificed all of these for love of her. Happen what may, I shall die blessing her and desiring the dawn of her redemption."\ --- Dr. Jose Rizal **José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda** - Dr. - Licentiate in Medicine - Name derived from different sources: - **José** -- Named after **San Jose** (his mother's devotion) - **Protacio** -- Derived from **Santo Gervacio Protacio** - **Mercado** -- Meaning **market**, from his great-great grandfather - **Alonso** -- His mother's godmother's surname - **Realonda** -- His mother's surname The Birth of the Hero - **Born:** June 19, 1861 -- **Calamba, Laguna** - **Baptized:** June 22, 1861, by **Fr. Rufino Collantes** - **Only Godfather**: **Father Pedro Casanas** - Childhood nicknames: **\"Jose\" -- \"Pepe\" -- \"Ute\"** - *\"Take good care of this child, for someday, he will become a great man.\" -* Fr. Rufino Collantes The Rizal Family The Hero's Parents - **Sr. Francisco Mercado Rizal** (May 11, 1818 -- Jan. 5, 1898) - A tenant-farmer of the **Dominican-owned hacienda** - Described by Jose Rizal as **\"a model of fathers\"** - **Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda** (Nov. 8, 1826 -- Aug. 16, 1911) - A woman of **culture and literary talent** - Skilled in **literature, business, and mathematics** - Influenced Rizal's **early education** - Inspired his poem which he gifted to his mother **"Mi Primera Inspiracion"** - Told him the story **\"The Story of the Moth\"**, which left a deep impact on him **The Rizal Siblings** 1. **Saturnina** (\"Neneng\") (1850--1913) 2. **Paciano** (1851--1930) -- Rizal's second father figure 3. **Narcisa** (\"Sisa\") (1852--1939) 4. **Olimpia** (\"Ypia\") (1855--1887) 5. **Lucia** (1857--1919) 6. **Maria** (\"Biang\") (1859--1945) 7. **Jose** (1861--1896) -- National Hero of the Philippines 8. **Concepcion** (\"Concha\") (1862--1865) -- Rizal's sister, **first sorrow (heartbreak)** 9. **Josefa** (\"Panggoy\") (1865--1945) 10. **Trinidad** (\"Trining\") (1868--1951) 11. **Soledad** (\"Choleng\") (1870--1929) The Surnames Mercado and Rizal - **Mercado** -- The **real** surname of the Rizal Family; **Domingo Lamco** (1731) -- Rizal's Chinese ancestor - **Rizal** -- Given by a **Spanish alcalde-mayor** from **\"Ricial\"** The Rizal Family and their Home - A loving family with **strong values and close relationships** - **Pepe** (Jose Rizal) was affectionate to all his siblings - **Paciano** acted as his **mentor and second father** - **Pepe's dog:** \"Usman\" Childhood and Early Education - Pepe's **childhood was full of love and care** - The family **prayed the Angelus together** - **\"Aya\"** -- Rizal's personal servant - **Doña Teodora** was his **first teacher** - Learned the **alphabet at 3 years old** Childhood and Early Education **At Age 5:** - Pepe began to make **sketches, mold clay, and wax figures** - Painted in **oil colors** and made a **banner** that delighted the town - His **sisters laughed at him**, to which he replied: "All right! Laugh at me now! Someday when I die, people will make monuments and images of me!" **At Age 8:** - Wrote **"Sa Aking Kabata"**, Rizal's **first poem in native language** - Wrote his **first dramatic work**, a **Tagalog comedy** Early Education in Calamba and Biñan Private Tutors: - **Maestro Celestino** -- First private tutor - **Maestro Lucas Padua** -- Second tutor - **Leon Monroy** -- Taught him **basic Spanish and Latin reading and writing** Education in Biñan (At Age 9): - **June 1869** -- Rizal left **Calamba** to study in **Biñan** with **Paciano** - Studied under **Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz** - Described his teacher: *"He was thin, long-necked, with a sharp nose and a body slightly bent."* - **First brawl:** With **Pedro Cruz** (insulted his parents) - **Arm-wrestling match:** With **Andres Salandanan** - Learned from **Maestro Juancho**, an old painter who freely gave Rizal drawing and painting lessons during his leisure time - **Jose Guevarra**, Rizal's classmate who became apprentice of Maestro Juancho Leaving Biñan: - **December 17, 1870** -- Rizal left Biñan after **one-and-a-half year of schooling** - He traveled onboard **Talim**, accompanied by **Arturo Camps**, a Frenchman and **friend of his father** Life of Jose Rizal Part II *"The lack of national sentiment was the cause of the numerous ills of Philippine colonial society."* -- Pepe Rizal: A Student in Manila - **Ateneo Municipal -- Escuela Pia** - June 10, 1872 - **Bachiller en Artes** - Used the name *Jose Rizal* instead of *Jose Mercado* to avoid Spanish prejudice - Initially refused admission by **Father Magin Ferrando** due to late registration and being sickly and undersized - **Escuela Pia -- Ateneo Municipal** - Provided the best education for boys, especially poor boys - Managed by **Spanish Jesuit Fathers** instead of Friars - Mass every morning before class - Rigid discipline and religious instruction - Divided into two groups / empire: - *Romans* -- Internos - *Carthaginians* -- Externos Rizal's Academic Journey in Ateneo - **First Year (1872-1873)** - Adjustment period of Rizal - First professor: **Father Jose Bech** - Became an \"**emperor**\", received a gift (picture of a cross/virgin mary) - Empreor, Tribune, Decurion, Centurion, Standard-Bearer - Received a **religious picture as a reward** - Also studied at Santa Isabel College, took special course/lessons - **Second Year (1873-1874)** - Received excellent grades in ALL subjects and won a gold medal - Read ***The Count of Monte Cristo*** by Alexandre Dumas (his favorite book) - Read ***Universal History*** by Cesar Cantu and ***Travels in the Philippines*** by Dr. Feodor Jagor (one of his favorite books) - **Third Year (1874-1875)** - Consistently excellent student but received only one medal (in Latin) - In the end the school year, he returned to Calamba unimpressed - **Fourth Year (1875-1876)** - Became an ***Internos*** on June 16, 1875 - Studied under **Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez** - Topped all subjects and won five medals - **Final Year (1876-1877)** - Recognized as the most brilliant Atenean, earning the title *\"**El Orgullo de los Jesuitas**\" "The Pride of the Jesuits"* - **Graduated with a *Bachiller en Artes*** on **March 23, 1877**, at the **age of 16** - **With highest honors (sobresaliente)** **Rizal After Ateneo** - Cultivated various talents under different mentors: - **Father Sanchez** -- literary - **Agustin Saez** -- painting - **Romualdo de Jesus** -- sculpture - Carved an image of the Virgin Mary using ***batikuling* wood** and a **pocketknife** - Father Lleonart -- Sacred Heart of Jesus *"Don't send him to Manila again; he knows enough. If he gets to know more, the Spaniards will cut off his head."* -- Doña Teodora Rizal's Days at UST - Enrolled at **Universidad de Santo Tomas (UST)** previous name: **Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santisimo Rosario** - **Freshman Year (1877-1878)** - Studied ***Filosofia y Letras*** (Philosophy and Letters) - Took a vocational course: ***Perito Agrimensor*** (Expert Surveyor) - **Second Year at UST (1878-1879)** - Shifted to Medicine, because of his mother\'s deteriorating eyesight - Academic performance declined compared to Ateneo, because friars are discriminatory against him and other Filipino students - Met Leonor Rivera - \"Seven out of Twenty-Four\": means he could only see Leonor for seven hours in a day, out of the full 24 hours. **Unhappy Days at UST** - Dominican professors were hostile to him - Filipino students faced racial discrimination - Methods of teaching were outdated and repressive Rizal's Departure to Spain After finishing medical studies in UST, Rizal decided to complete his studies in Spain, but.. - **Secret Pact with Paciano:** Mission to **observe culture, life, government, and laws of European Nations.** - **May 3, 1882:** Left the Philippines aboard the steamship ***Salvadora*** - **June 16, 1882:** Arrived in Barcelona - Published ***El Amor Patrio*** in *Diariong Tagalog* under the pen name ***Laong Laan*** (August 20, 1882) **Rizal in Europe** - **November 3, 1882 (Madrid)** - Enrolled at **Universidad Central de Madrid** - Studied **Philosophy and Letters, and Medicine** - Attended **Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando** (painting & sculpture) - Took language classes at **Madrid Ateneo** ([French, English, and German]) - Trained in **fencing and pistol shooting** at Halls of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell - **June 1884:** Earned ***Licenciado en Medicina*** (Licentiate in Medicine) - Could not continue Doctorate in Medicine due to financial constraints - **June 1885:** Took examinations in Greek, Latin, and World History - Earned ***Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras*** (Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters) with ***sobresaliente*** (outstanding) honors First Visit to Paris - Traveled to Paris, the "gay capital of France" - He considered it "the costliest capital in Europe" Life of Jose Rizal Part III *"Soon, I will feel the wind's breeze kissing my cheeks as I walk to my last destination. It will just be a while as I wait to die for my beloved land."* -- Dr. Jose Rizal **Rizal's Journey from Paris to Berlin** - **January 1884** -- Completed the **first half of *Noli Me Tangere: "Huwag mo akong salingin", "Touch me not"*** - Traveled to **Paris and Germany** to specialize in **Ophthalmology (1885-1887)** - Modeled for **Juan Luna's paintings**: - *The Death of Cleopatra* (as an Egyptian Priest) - *The Blood Compact* (as Sikatuna) Key Encounters and Achievements in Berlin - Met **Dr. Feodor Jagor** (author of Travels in the Philippines) - **Winter of 1886** -- Rizal's *darkest winter*, he broke n sick - **March 21, 1887** -- ***Noli Me Tangere* was published** with the help of **Maximo Viola**: loaned 300 Pesos to Maximo Viola to print 2,000 copies of Noli Me Tangere - Associated with: - **Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey** -- Captain of Manila, influential figure in **Manila society**, daughter: **Consuelo Ortiga** - **Eduardo de Lete,** also liked Consuelo Ortiga, Rizal gave way (still cant move on from Leonor) - **Ferdinand Blumentritt (May 1887**) -- confidant of Rizal - Became a **Master Mason (November 15, 1890)** - joined the Freemasonry, an international fraternal organization that promoted values such as brotherhood, equality, and freedom First Homecoming (1887-1888) **Why Rizal Was Determined to Return Home** - To **operate on his mother's eyes** - To **serve his people** against Spanish oppression - To assess the impact of *Noli Me Tangere* on Filipinos and especially, Spaniards - To find out why **Leonor Rivera** remained silent - Paciano warned him not to come home - Silvestre Ubaldo -- Jose Cecilio **Arrival in the Philippines** - **August 8, 1887** -- Returned to **Calamba** - Established a **medical clinic**, and was called **"*Doctor Uliman"*** - Opened a **gymnasium for youth** and introduced **European sports** - Failed to meet **Leonor Rivera** (supposed she is in arranged marriage that time) **Farewell to Calamba** - **Governor-General Emilio Terrero y Perinat** advised him to leave - **February 16, 1888** -- Rizal left Calamba - Wrote *Himno al Trabajo* (*Hymn to Labor*) - Reasons for leaving: - He is jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family - He could fight better in foreign countries Second Trip to Europe & Propaganda Movement - **Joined the Propaganda Movement** - Involved in **La Solidaridad**, led by **Graciano López Jaena** - The **Great Triumvirate**: - **Graciano López Jaena** (Founder) - **Marcelo H. del Pilar** (Patnugot) - **Jose Rizal** (contributed most contents) Reform Campaigns of the Propaganda Movement - **Philippines to become a province of Spain**, giving Filipinos equal rights - **Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes** - **Parish secularization** (separation of the church and state) Second Trip to Europe - **July 1891** -- Completed *El Filibusterismo: The Reign of Greed* - **September 18, 1891** -- Published *El Filibusterismo* in **Ghent, Germany**, with the help of **Valentin Ventura** Second Homecoming (1892) - **June 26, 1892** -- Rizal returned to the Philippines La Liga Filipina & Arrest - **July 3, 1892** -- Founded **La Liga Filipina** at **Doroteo Ongjunco's house in Tondo, Manila** - **July 6, 1892** -- Arrested and imprisoned in **Fort Santiago** - **Governor-General Eulogio Despujol** ordered his arrest due to the publication of *Pobres Frailes* (*Poor Friars*) Exile in Dapitan (1892-1896) - **July 17, 1892** -- Exiled in **Dapitan** via **steamer Cebu** under **Captain Ricardo Carcinero** - Lived in Dapitan for **four years (1892-1896)** - Led **community projects**, including: - The **town's first water system** - Efforts to **eliminate malaria** - Improved **town lighting system** - Beautification of Dapitan - Met **Josephine Bracken**, foster daughter of **George Taufer** - **Father Antonio Obach** denied the sacrament of marriage to them without **Rizal's retraction** - June 21, 1896 -- **Dr.** **Pio Valenzuela** visited Rizal - 1894/1895 -- Volunteered as a **Filipino surgeon in Cuba,** was arrested instead **Trial and Execution of Rizal** *"Consummatum est!"* -- Dr. Jose Rizal **Trial and Execution** - **November 20, 1896** -- Preliminary investigation began - Defended by **Lt.** **Luis Taviel de Andrade** - **December 26, 1896** -- Sentenced to **death by firing squad** - **December 28, 1896** -- **Governor-General Camilo de Polavieja** confirmed the execution to occur at 7:00 am of Deecember 30, 1986 **Execution (December 30, 1896)** - **6:30 AM** -- A trumpet sounded at **Fort Santiago** - Rizal **dressed elegantly** for his execution - **Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo** examined him before execution - "Un Ultimo Pabor" - Wrote his final poem ***Mi Último Adiós*** - **Fr. Mariano Dacanay\*\*** - **7:03 AM** -- Rizal was executed at **Bagumbayan (Luneta)** - **Age at death:** *35 years, 5 months, and 11 days* - Last words: *"Consummatum est!"* (It is finished!) The Life of Jose Rizal Part IV *"No good water comes from a muddy spring. No sweet fruit comes from a bitter seed."* -- Dr. Jose Rizal **After the Execution: Where Was Rizal Buried?** - His burial was **secret and intentionally mismarked by Spaniards** - Buried at **Cementerio General de Dilao** under the marker **"R. P. J."** - **1898** -- His sister **Sisa** exhumed Rizal's remains - His bones were washed and placed in an urn at the home of his relative **Higino Francisco** - **1912** -- Transferred to the **Marble Hall of the Ayuntamiento de Manila** - **December 30, 1913** -- The **Rizal Monument** was inaugurated The Women in Rizal's Life **Julia** - Childhood Infatuation - Playmate **Segunda Solis Katigbak** - Rizal's *puppy love* (She was 14, Rizal was 16) - A close friend of Ypia **Miss "L"** - 3 rd girlfriend and Rizal's "tutor" - He gave his attention to her after his loss to Segunda - Jacinta Ibardo Laza **Leonor Valenzuela** - A tall girl from Pagsanjan - Rizal met her when he was at UST - Rizal used **invisible ink** in love letters **Leonor Rivera** - She met Rizal when he was at UST. - A charming woman with beautiful singing voice and good piano skills - Rizal's longtime love, but she married **Henry Kipping** **Consuelo Ortiga y Rey** - Daughter of **Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey** - Eduardo de Lete, another suitor of her - Rizal wrote ***A la Señorita C. O. y R.*** for her **Usui Seiko / O-Sei-San** - Came from a samurai family in Tokyo - Her family offered Rizal a stable job **Gertrude Beckett** - Daughter of **Charles Beckett** in London - Assisted Rizal in his sculptures - She fell in love in Rizal's charisma **Nellie Boustead** - He demanded Rizal to be a Protestant - Dissatisfaction of Nellie's mother to Rizal's occupation **Suzanne Jacoby** - A Belgian woman whom Rizal met in Belgium's Summertime Festival in 1890 - One-sided affair - A box of chocolate **Josephine McBride Bracken** - Daughter of James Bracken and Elizabeth McBride, foster daughter of George Taufer - Rizal's **de facto wife** - Met Rizal when she was **18 years old** - **Jose Francisco** -- Their son, who died as an infant **The Rizal--Bracken Wedding** - **December 30, 1896** -- Around **5:00 AM - 6:00 AM** - Conducted by **Fr. Vicente Balaguer, SJ** **The Rizal Monument** - **September 1901** -- Established by the **United States Philippine Commission** - **1905 - 1907** -- Design contest for Rizal's monument - **1913** -- The monument was finally unveiled at **Luneta Park** **Animals Named After Rizal** Some species have been named in Rizal's honor due to his contributions to natural sciences Apogonia Rizali - Another distinguished German zoologist, Dr. Carl. M. Heller, classified a small beetle belonging to the species coleoptera as Apogonia Rizali, a flying beetle less than an inch, in 1897. Draco Rizali - The third specie, bearing the name Draco Rizali (Philippine Gliding Lizard) named in 1893 by a biologist named Benno War flying Dragon again in honor of the late Dr. Jose Rizal. \[Critically Endangered Racophorus Rizali - A rare frog which was sent to Frankfurt was christened Racophorus Rizali (Harlequin Tree Frog) by the famous German Amphibiologist Proffessor Oskar Boettger in honor of Rizal, which is a species of a toad once found in the forests of Mindanao