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Nassau Community College
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This is a test review containing questions on health topics, such as models of health, primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention.
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Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive health care? a. Clinical model b. Role performance model c. Adaptive model d. Eudaimonistic model a The cl...
Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive health care? a. Clinical model b. Role performance model c. Adaptive model d. Eudaimonistic model a The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health. People who use this model wait until they are very sick to seek care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 3 2. A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider as well as receives acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor? a. Clinical model b. Role performance model c. Adaptive model d. Eudaimonistic model ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 3 3. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential and is experienced within a developmental context is known as: a. growth and development. b. health. c. functioning. d. high-level wellness. ANS: B Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential and is experienced within a developmental context. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 5 4. Which of the following best describes a client who has an illness? a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia c. Someone with a headache d. Someone with coronary artery disease without angina ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 6 5. zika a. The 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation: A Midcourse Review b. Healthy People 2020 c. Healthy People 2000 d. The U.S. Surgeon General Report ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 6 6.Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention? a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles b. Blood pressure screening c. Interventional cardiac catheterization d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization A 7. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention? a. Self–breast examination education b. Yearly mammograms c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15 8. Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention? a. Drunk driving campaign b. Road blocks for drunk driving c. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident d. Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head trauma ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15 9. In reviewing a person’s medical claims, a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate persistent asthma has had several emergency department visits and is not on inhaled steroids as recommended by the NHLBI asthma management guidelines. The nurse discusses this with the person’s primary care provider. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n): a. advocate. b. care manager. c. consultant. d. educator. ANS: B Care managers act to prevent duplication of service and reduce cost. Care managers base recommendation on reliable data sources such as evidence-based practices and protocols. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15 10. During a home visit, a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability services. The nurse is acting as a(n): a. advocate. b. care manager. c. consultant. d. educator. ANS: A The advocacy role of the nurse helps individuals obtain what they are entitled to receive from the health care system, tries to make the system more responsive to individuals’ community needs, and assists individuals in developing skills to advocate for themselves. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15 11. During a home visit, a nurse discusses the dangers of smoking with an individual. In this scenario the nurse is acting as a(n): a. screeningcate. b. care manager. c. consultant. d. educator. ANS: D Health education is a primary prevention technique available to avoid major causes of disease. Teaching can range from a chance remark to a planned lesson. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16 12. A nurse is asked to provide an expert opinion about the development of an education program for newly diagnosed diabetics. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n): a. advocate. b. care manager. c. consultant. d. educator. ANS: C Nurses with a specialized area of expertise provide education about health promotion and disease prevention to individuals and groups as consultants. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16 13. A nurse is planning to deliver an educational program to individuals with diabetes. Which of the following should be the initial action taken by the nurse to ensure the success of the program? a. Assess the motivation level of the individuals b. Assess the knowledge level of the individuals c. Establish teacher-learner goals with the individuals d. Establish multiple teaching sessions with the individuals ANS: B Selection of the methods most likely to succeed involves the establishment of teacher-learner goals. Thus, the first step by the nurse should be establishment of goals. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 16 14. The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals is known as: a. health-related quality of life. b. evidence-based practice. c. a Healthy People 2010 goal. d. the ecological model of health. ANS: B Evidence-based practice is defined as the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 16 15. Which research methodology should be used to address the question, “What is the difference in the infection rates between individuals who receive twice-a-day dressing changes versus once-a-day dressing changes?” a. Evidence-based practice research b. Qualitative research c. Quantitative research d. Clinical judgment research ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16 16. The question, “What is the experience of teenagers who lose a sibling to cancer?” can best be answered by using which research methodology? a. Evidence-based practice research b. Qualitative research c. Quantitative research d. Clinical judgment research ANS: B. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16 17. A nurse who uses findings from a randomized, controlled trial on the care of Foley catheters to change practice at an institution is practicing: a. evidence-based medicine. b. qualitative research. c. quantitative research. d. clinical judgment. ANS: A The practice of evidence-based medicine means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16 18. Which of the following is most influenced by the social and economic environment of a community? a. Social health policies b. Quality of care c. Evidence-based practice d. Practice guidelines ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 17 19. A major cause of death in the early twentieth century was: a. cancer. b. cerebrovascular disease. c. heart disease. d. infections. ANS: D Infections and acute disease were the major causes of death in the early part of the twentieth century. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 17 20. A mainstay of therapy for the management of chronic diseases is: a. lifestyle changes. b. occupational and physical therapy. c. medications. d. surgery. ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 17 21. Which of the following demonstrates a nurse taking action to promote health and prevent disease? a. Making a home visit to a person who is recovering from a heart attack b. Administering medications to a cardiac client in the hospital c. Providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation during a heart attack d. Educating a person about the advantages of a heart-healthy diet during a home visit ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 17 22. Which factor may have the most influence in changing the health behavior of a single, adult woman who smokes and is the care provider for her mother, her own children, and granddaughter? a. Education regarding effects of smoking on her health b. The satisfaction that she will not contribute to secondhand smoke c. The availability of a weekly support group d. A gift card for $10 to a local grocery store for every week she is smoke free ANS: D. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 14 (Box 1-6) | p. 18 23. An example of a Hispanic American nurse promoting cultural competency is: a. providing translation services for all Hispanic Americans. b. focusing on episodic care of illnesses with Hispanic Americans. c. taking a class about the Hispanic American culture. d. providing care for all Hispanic American persons in her clinic. ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 17 (Box 1-2) 24. The devaluing of beliefs, values, and customs of others is known as: a. ethnocentrism. b. racism. c. cultural competency. d. empathy. ANS: B Racism is defined as the devaluing of beliefs, values, and customs of others. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 7 (Box 1-2) 25. Building a partnership with an obese individual who is trying to lose weight requires the nurse to: a. schedule a day to exercise with the individual. b. go grocery shopping for the individual. c. learn about the methods of weight loss. d. give the individual a weight loss goal. ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 8 (Box 1-3) 26. Assuming that an individual’s own perspective is correct and shared by others is known as: a. ethnocentrism. b. racism. c. cultural competency. d. empathy. ANS: A Assuming that an individual’s own perspective is correct and shared by others is known as ethnocentrism. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 8 (Box 1-2) MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which of the following “investment” themes has been identified by the National Institute of Nursing Research? (select all that apply) a. Interprofessional collaboration b. Improving quality of life c. End-of-life care d. Increasing physical activity among Americans ANS: B, C DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 16 2. Which interventions address both the National Institute of Nursing Research themes and the overall goals of the Healthy People 2020 leading health indicators? (select all that apply) a. Establishing a new park with a well-lit track b. Establishing a smoking cessation campaign c. Providing reduced-cost transportation passes to senior citizens d. Providing free condoms at all federally funded health clinics ANS: A, B, D FAMILY CULTURE 1. Which of the following statements about ethnic minorities in the United States is accurate? a. It is estimated that the percentage of ethnic minorities will decrease during the next 30 years. b. It is estimated that ethnic minorities will increase to one in two by 2050. c. The increasing population of refugees has been a significant contributor to the increase in ethnic minorities. d. The increasing population of ethnic minorities has helped decrease the health disparities faced by this population. ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 24 2. A person states, “My grandmother is the decision maker in our family.” Which of the following is being described by the person? a. Culture b. Race c. Ethnicity d. Values ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 24 3. The nurse recommended to a 50-year-old woman that she schedule a routine mammogram. Which of the following would be the most important factor in this woman’s decision to schedule this exam? a. Race b. Ethnicity c. Cultural values d. Value orientation ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 24 4. Which of the following actions demonstrates a health care professional providing culturally competent care? a. Encouraging the person to take medications as prescribed b. Asking the person to describe his folk healing methods c. Demonstrating the proper way to administer an insulin injection d. Assisting the person with discussing his health problems with the family ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 26 5. A person reports that she has been seeking care from an acupuncturist to help relieve the chronic pain that she has been experiencing. Which of the following statements would be the most appropriate response from the nurse? a. “You should have told me that the current treatments were helping your pain.” b. “Tell me more about your treatments from the acupuncturist.” c. “Tell me why you decided to not to continue with your treatment plan.” d. “You should not be seeing an acupuncturist while receiving professional care.” ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 26 6. When providing an educational session about the Arab American population, which of the following information would be included? a. The largest group of Arab Americans was refugees in the 1960s. b. The largest groups of Arab Americans are from Palestine and Iraq. c. Members of the Arab American population are most likely to live in rural communities. d. Members of the Arab American population are more likely to have college degrees than Americans at large. ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 27 7. A health care professional is caring for an Arab American individual. Which of the following cultural practices of this ethnic minority should be considered when planning care? a. This ethnic culture tends to be future oriented. b. Religion plays an important role in this culture. c. Traditional cultural practices are infrequently used during a health crisis. d. Members of this culture tend to have smaller families. ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 27 8. A health care professional is providing education to the parents of an Asian American child who has recently been diagnosed with Type I diabetes. Which of the following actions should be taken by the health care professional? a. Provide instructions to the child’s father. b. Encourage the parents to bring other siblings into the clinic for screening. c. Schedule multiple educational sessions for the child and family. d. Watch for nonverbal gestures by the adults to indicate understanding. ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 29 9. An Asian American family has recently immigrated to the United States. Which of the following would provide an appropriate rationale when encouraging the family to send their child to school? a. The child will get a good education. b. According to law, all children must go to school. c. The child can get health care at school. d. Exposure to different cultures in school will enhance socialization. ANS: D Exposure to different cultures in school facilitates the adoption of other cultural beliefs and aids in the socialization of the child into a new environment. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 29 10. Which of the following was the fastest-growing minority group in the United States between 2000 and 2010? a. Asian American b. Arab American c. Hispanic American d. Native American ANS: C A 43% increase in the Hispanic population between 2000 and 2010 makes Hispanics the fastest-growing minority group in the United States. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 31 11. The interrelationship of poverty and health care dollars spent by Blacks and other minorities is affected greatly by: a. lack of access to preventive health care services b. low numbers of minority health care providers c. use of emergency rooms for care d. increased infant mortality rates in African American populations ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 32 12. A health care provider is working with an African American woman who has recently suffered a stroke and is homebound. She insists that she must get out of the house and attend Sunday worship services. What is the most likely explanation for her insisting that she participate in this cultural practice? a.The church is the only place where prayer can be performed. b. The church serves as a social support for its members. c. The church is the place where the family meets on a weekly basis. d. The church serves as a site for folk healing practices. ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 33 13. Which of the following ethnic groups has a disproportionately high death rate from unintentional injuries and suicide? a. American Indian/Alaska Native Americans b. Asian Americans c. Latino/Hispanic Americans d. Black/African Americans ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 34 14. A health care professional is offering an educational session about providing culturally congruent care. Which of the following information would be included the presentation? a. Hispanic Americans value keeping balance and harmony with the earth. b. The oldest male is the decision maker in African American families. c. Native Americans are present oriented, taking one day at a time. d. The hot and cold concept of disease is part of the Asian American culture. ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 34 15. A family has recently become homeless. Which of the following factors most likely contributed to this situation? a.Being from an ethnic minority background b. Declining rates of poverty c. Having multiple chronic illnesses d. Being unable to find affordable housing ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 35 16. A health care professional is caring for an individual who is homeless. Which of the following considerations should be made? a. The prevalence of substance abuse is much lower among the homeless population than the general population. b. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is much lower among the homeless population than the general population. c. The percentage of the population who has health insurance is much lower among the homeless than the general population. d. The percentage of the population who has limited access to medical care is much lower among the homeless than the general population. ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 36 17. A health care professional is caring for an individual who is homeless and has recently been diagnosed with Type II diabetes. Which of the following factors is the most important to consider when planning care? a. Considering the cost of the purchasing medications b. Determining the pharmacy where medications will be obtained c. Obtaining insurance that will pay for the follow-up care d. Finding supportive housing for the individual ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 36 18. A health care professional is leading a community action coalition to address the problem of homelessness within the neighborhood. Which of the following statements would most likely be made by health care professional? a. Homelessness should be addressed by improving financial assistance programs. b. Homelessness should be of concern to everyone in the neighborhood. c. Homelessness should be addressed by encouraging job growth in the area. d. Homelessness should be of concern to the mental health providers in the area. ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 37 19. What is the main focus of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)? a. Addressing and reducing health disparities b. Outlining nationwide health promotion and disease prevention c. Protecting minority populations through development of health policies d. Supporting communities in addressing health disparities ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 37 20. A health care professional is searching for a funding source to develop a colorectal cancer screening program for ethnic and racial minorities in the community. Which of the following federal agencies would most likely be able to assist with this initiative? a. The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities b. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention c. The Office of Minority Health d. The National Institutes of Health ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 37 21. Which of the following best demonstrates the practice of transcultural nursing? a. Using previous knowledge about ethnic minority cultures to plan care b. Adapting nursing care to meet the need of a person from an ethnic minority c. Requesting an interpreter when caring for a person from an ethnic minority d. Attending a presentation about cultural diversity ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 38 22. A nurse would like to improve his cultural competence. Which of the following is the best strategy to use? a. Explore complementary and alternative medicine practices used by other cultures. b. Discuss cultural differences with coworkers. c. Provide care to diverse populations. d. Participate in continuing education programs about cultural diversity. ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 26 (Box 2-3) 23. A nurse is told by a colleague that an Asian American individual on home care is using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Which of the following conclusions can accurately be drawn from this statement? a. The client will have adverse complications from using this form of medicine. b. The client may be using meditation, acupuncture, or another therapy. c. The client will soon be returning to his or her native country for further treatment. d. The client does not agree with the current professional care medication regimen. ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 30 (Box 2-4) 24. A woman reports that she has strong spiritual practices. Which of the following is she most likely to experience? a. Improved coping skills and social support b. Increased understanding of religious differences c. Decreased pain and improved healing d. Decreased use of Western medicine ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 39 (Box 2-5) MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which of the following individuals will most likely experience a disparity in health and health care? (select all that apply) a. African American man b. Unemployed woman c. White middle-aged man d. Single white woman ANS: A, B, D DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 23 2. A health care professional is providing culturally competent care. Which of the following actions is being performed by the professional? (select all that apply) a. Recognizing and accepting cultural diversity b. Respecting the patient’s values, beliefs, and expectations c. Understanding the pathophysiology of disease processes d. Providing health care services that are respectful of the individual’s cultural beliefs ANS: B, D DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 26 3. A health care provider is discussing the importance of receiving routine preventive care with a Hispanic family who has recently immigrated to the United States. Which of the following would best describe why they may be disinterested in receiving professional care? (select all that apply) a. Lack of folk remedies b. Lack of interpreter services c. Lack of health insurance d. Lack of family support ANS: B, C DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 31 4. A nurse is developing a continuing education program about strategies to work with culturally diverse populations for health care professionals in the community. Which of the following organizations would provide information that could be included in this presentation? (select all that apply) a. The American Nurses Association b. Sigma Theta Tau International c. The National League for Nursing d. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing ANS: A, C, D CHAPTER 1 1. Healthy People 2020 objectives provide a framework for: a. assessment. b. diagnosis. c. prevention. d. treatment. ANS: C The health promotion initiative named Healthy People 2010 provides a framework for prevention. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 128 2. Which of the following best describes a primary prevention method for colon cancer? a. Hemoccult testing b. High fiber diet c. Colonoscopy d. Laparoscopy ANS: B. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: pp. 128-129 3. Who authored the framework which provides the foundation for nursing assessment and diagnosis using the functional health patteadvarns? a. Erikson b. Gordon c. Newman d. Nightingale ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 129 4. Over the last week, a person has had finger stick glucose levels of 127, 132, 140, 138, 143, 145, and 140. This information allows the nurse to characterize the person’s function pattern by utilizing which area of focus? a. Age-developmental b. Functional c. Individual-environmental d. Pattern ANS: D Pattern focus implies that the nurse explores patterns or sequences of behavior over time. Pattern recognition occurs during information collection. Functional health patterns then provide structure to analyze factors. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 130 5. A nurse is using a functional focus to assess a person. Which of the following the nurse be evaluating? a. Visual acuity b. Pupil reactivity c. Ability to drive d. The red reflex ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 131 6. A nurse working with a Hispanic family is explaining the plan for managing a child’s asthma to the child’s mother, father, and grandmother. To whom should the nurse direct the education? a. Mother b. Father c. Grandmother d. Parents and grandmother ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 131 7. A 27-year-old woman has not received a Pap test in years. This assessment finding identifies an alteration in which functional pattern? a. Health-perception–health-management pattern b. Elimination pattern c. Activity-rest pattern d. Self-perception–self-concept pattern ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 131 8. A client is experiencing an alteration in the health-perception–health-management pattern and an alteration in the values-beliefs pattern. Which of the following best describes the behavior of this person? a. Never sees a physician b. Only sees a physician if not feeling well c. Sees a physician for screenings only d. Sees a physician for follow-up care of a chronic disease ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 131 | p. 142 9. When assessing a person’s nutritional-metabolic pattern, which objective finding would have implications for nursing intervention? a. The person’s 24-hour diet diary b. The person’s dentition c. The person’s food preferences d. The person’s financial status ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 134 10. When assessing a client’s activity-exercise pattern, which subjective finding has implications for nursing practice? a. A person’s decreased muscle tone b. A person’s amount of leisure time c. A person’s decreased range of motion d. A person’s use of a cane ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: pp. 135-136 11. During a health history, a person reports getting 5 hours of sleep a night. What does this information indicate to the nurse? a. The person is not receiving enough sleep. b. The person is receiving adequate sleep. c. The nurse must determine where the person sleeps. d. The nurse must ask additional questions. ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 136 12. A nurse assesses the cognitive-perceptual pattern of a Type 1 diabetic client. Which finding has implications for the individual’s nursing plan of care? a. Decreased sense of hearing b. Decreased sense of smell c. Decreased sense of taste d. Decreased visual acuity ANS: D Assessment parameters in the cognitive-perceptual pattern include hearing, vision, smell, and taste. A person with Type 1 diabetes mellitus requires insulin injections. A decrease in visual acuity will make it difficult for the individual to draw up his or her medication and therefore will influence the nurse’s plan of care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 137 13. Which scenario indicates a potentially dysfunctional pattern? a. Adult with frequent urination b. Woman who lost her job c. Elderly person with blurred vision d. Overweight adult with a sweet tooth ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 144 14. Which scenario represents a dysfunctional pattern? a. Sexually active teenager who does not use condoms b. Salesman who sleeps only 5 hours a night c. Single mother of three children d. Woman with a small extended family ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 144 15. A nurse is counseling a person with a dysfunctional sleep pattern. Which of the following recommendations would the nurse most likely give the person? a. Read in bed until he falls asleep. b. Avoid fluids after 7 PM. c. Exercise immediately before bedtime. d. Watch television in the recliner in the evening. ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 144 16. A nurse is caring for a person with a potential dysfunction in the health-perception–health-management pattern. Which of the following nursing interventions would most likely be performed? a. Arranging for home delivery of medication from the pharmacy b. Providing education regarding the dangers of smoking c. Instituting visiting nurse services for blood pressure checks d. Providing direct observed therapy for tuberculosis medications ANS: B. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 144 17. The nurse has determined that a person has a dysfunction in the nutritional-metabolic pattern. Which action would be the next step for the nurse to take? a. Weigh the person. b. Set a goal weight with the person. c. Ask the person what her favorite foods are.0 d. Develop a plan for weight loss. ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 145 18. A nurse weighs a person who has been diagnosed with a dysfunction in the nutritional-metabolic pattern. Which aspect of the nursing process is being performed? a. Assessment b. Implementation c. Planning d. Evaluation ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 145 19. A nurse administers the T-ACE test to a pregnant woman. The woman’s responses result in a score of 3. This score indicates that the woman: a. requires interventions for problem drinking. b. lacks evidence of problem drinking. c. requires interventions for sexually transmitted disease risks. d. lacks evidence of sexually transmitted disease risks. ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 128 (Think About It Box) 20. A Hispanic mother tells the nurse that she has been using home remedies for her child’s asthma. Which home remedy might this mother be using? a. Acupuncture b. Cupping c. Hot tea d. Massage ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 133 (Box 6-2) 21. Which classification system fulfills needs that are exclusive to nursing? a. The International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP) b. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) c. The International Nursing Diagnoses Classification (NANDA-I) d. The Nursing Diagnostic System (NDS) ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 144 (Box 6-5) 22. Erikson’s task of autonomy vs. shame and doubt occurs during which stage of development? a. Infancy b. Early childhood c. Late childhood d. Early adolescence ANS: B Erikson’s task of autonomy vs. shame and doubt occurs during early childhood. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 139 (Table 6-3) 23. A young couple is deciding if they should get married and start a family. Which of Erikson’s life stages are they experiencing? a. Identity vs. role confusion b. Intimacy vs. isolation c. Generativity vs. stagnation d. Ego integrity vs. despair ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 139 (Table 6-3) 24. Which cultural group defines illness as a price that is being paid for the past or the future? a. African b. Native American c. Arabian d. Asian ANS: B American Indians define illness as a price that is being paid for the past or the future. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 133 (Box 6-2) 25. A man is telling a nurse that he feels that his health is a gift from God. This statement most closely coincides with beliefs of which cultural group? a. African b. Alaska Native c. Asian d. Hispanic ANS: D Hispanics define health as a gift from God. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 133 (Box 6-2) 26. Which of the following is the leading cause of death among women? a. Accidents b. Cancer c. Coronary artery disease d. Stroke ANS: C The leading cause of death in women is coronary artery disease. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 144 (Hot Topics Box) MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. A client who fails to take his insulin on a regular basis may have a conflict in which of the following functional health patterns? (select all that apply) a. Health-perception–health-management b. Cognitive-perceptual c. Elimination d. Values-beliefs ANS: A, B, D DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 131 | p. 137 | p. 142 2. Which individual is at risk for a dysfunction in elimination pattern? (select all that apply) a. 46-year-old mother of two b. 32-year-old African American man c. 15-year-old girl d. 72-year-old white woman ANS: A, B, C, D CHAPTER 2 1. Which is an example of asymptomatic pathogenesis? a. Blood pressure of 170/98 experiencing headaches b. Positive finding on colonoscopy and blood in his or her stool c. Elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) d. Elevated TSH who is always tired ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 196 2. An occupational health nurse is planning a cholesterol screening with the employees at the factory. Which of the following would be an advantage of conducting this screening? a. Allows for the beginning of a multiple test screening process b. Provides an opportunity for health education c. Allows for preliminary diagnosis of coronary artery disease d. Provides the opportunity for a referral to a physician ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 197 3. Influenza occurs among Americans at a rate of 36 per 100 people annually. Which type of rate is this statement describing? a. Prevalence rate b. Incidence rate c. Morbidity rate d. Mortality rate ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 198 4. A nurse is examining the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates of colon cancer in the community. Which of the following measures of life is being investigated? a. Quality adjusted life year (QALY) b. Quantity of life c. Disability adjusted life year (DALY) d. Satisfaction of life ANS: B. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 199 5. Which represents a disadvantage of screening? a. Utilization of group screening methods b. Utilization of multiple test screening c. Utilization of a test with high specificity d. Utilization of a test with low sensitivity ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 197 | p. 200 6. The nurse is examining the ability of a phenylketonuria (PKU) screening test to distinguish correctly between newborns who have and who do not have the disease. Which of the following measures of accuracy of the instrument is being evaluated? a. Sensitivity b. Specificity c. Validity d. Efficacy ANS: C Validity is defined as a test’s ability to distinguish correctly between diseased and nondiseased individuals. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 199 7. The proportion of people with a condition who correctly test positive when screened is known as: a. sensitivity. b. specificity. c. validity. d. efficacy. ANS: A Sensitivity refers to the proportion of people with a condition who correctly test positive when screened. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 200 8. The Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) has been said to have excellent test specificity. What does this statement mean? a. Rarely identifies children who have developmental delays b. Rarely identifies children who do not actually have developmental delays c. Has a large number of false positive results d. Has a large number of false negative results ANS: B incidence. A test with excellent specificity will rarely be positive if the disease is not present. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 200 9. A nurse determined the interobserver reliability of a blood pressure reading. Which of the following describes the method that was used by the nurse? a. Blood pressure readings of 124/82 were obtained two days in a row by two different nurses. b. Three consecutive blood pressure readings of 124/82 were obtained by the same nurse. c. Blood pressure readings of 124/82 in the right arm and 124/82 in the left arm were obtained. d. A blood pressure reading of 124/82 was obtained immediately followed by another blood pressure reading of 147/92. ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 199 10. A nurse is using a sweat test to screen people for cystic fibrosis. Which of the following results demonstrates poor sensitivity? a. When 6 out of every 10 sweat tests performed are negative, but the six individuals actually have cystic fibrosis b. When 6 out of every 10 sweat tests performed are positive, but the six individuals do not actually have cystic fibrosis c. When 6 out of every 10 sweat tests performed are negative, and the six individuals really do not have cystic fibrosis d. When 6 out of every 10 sweat tests performed are positive, and the six individuals really do have cystic fibrosis ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 200 11. A nurse is creating a hypertension screening program. Which of the following methods would be the best way to design a successful program? a. Work with stakeholders to conduct a community assessment. b. Purchase state-of-the-art sphygmomanometers to measure blood pressures. c. Use the program developed at a previous place of employment. d. Contact a local church to see if the program can be implemented there. ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 201 12. A nurse is planning to offer a depression screening at a local community center. Which of the following should be considered prior to implementation of the program? a. Limited referral sources in the community b. Limited support groups in the community c. Insufficient evidence that depression screening tools are cost effective d. Insufficient evidence mental health screening is appropriate ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 201 13. A nurse is implementing a test that screens for hypercholesterolemia. Which of the following parameters should this test have? a. No cutoff point b. Low cutoff point c. Intermediate cutoff point d. High cutoff point ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 203 14. During a screening, a test with a high specificity and low sensitivity is utilized. Which of the following issues could arise by using this test? a. Ethical issues b. Race issues c. Gender issues d. Cultural issues ANS: A rate and therefore would miss a large number of people who are actually positive, resulting in ethical issues. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 200 | p. 202 | p. 203 15. A nurse is educating a group of community members about how hypertension screening is effective in reducing the rate of cardiovascular disease, thus reducing the expenses that are spent on management of this disease. Which of the following ratios is being described? a. Cost-disease analysis b. Cost-efficiency analysis c. Cost-benefit ratio analysis d. Cost-effectiveness analysis ANS: C Cost-benefit ratio analysis allows the comparison of various outcomes in monetary terms. The cost of the screening versus the cost of chronic care management is considered. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: pp. 203-204 16. Which of the following analyses is used to determine the optimal use of resources to reach a predetermined constant end point or the desired health outcome? a. Cost-benefit ratio analysis b. Cost-effectiveness analysis c. Cost-efficiency analysis d. Cost-disease analysis ANS: B An analysis that determines the optimal use of resources to reach a predetermined, constant end-point or the desired health outcome is known as cost-effectiveness analysis. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 204 17. Which of the following is an example of a screenable population for hypertension? a. High school students b. Professional hockey players c. High-level business executives attending an annual conference d. Cardiac rehabilitation clients ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: pp. 204-205 18. A nurse is assessing a low-income population in a community. Which of the following would be most appropriate for this population? a. HIV screening b. Blood pressure screening c. Colorectal cancer screening d. Breast cancer mammography screening ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 205 19. A nurse is working at a women’s health clinic and is asked by a client when she should return for her next Pap smear. Which of the following resources would the nurse use to find the most current recommendations? a. National Health Information Center b. Healthy People 2020 c. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) website d. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website ANS: C The most current information about recommendations for screening tests can be found on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) website. These recommendations evolve as new scientific evidence becomes available. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 206 20. A nurse is educating a 26-year-old, sexually active, female client about the screening tests that are now covered without a copayment or co-insurance because of the Affordable Care Act. Which of the following preventive services would the nurse include in this discussion? a. Tobacco use screening b. HIV screening c. Cervical cancer screening d. Breast cancer mammography screening ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 206 | p. 207 (Box 9-5) | p. 208 (Box 9-6) 21. A nurse is planning a comprehensive health promotion activity to provide community members with a better opportunity to manage their own risk. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate for the nurse to perform? a. Obtaining blood pressures and cholesterol levels during a screening b. Obtaining blood pressures and family histories during a screening c. Obtaining blood pressures and discussing the importance of exercise during a screening d. Obtaining blood pressures, cholesterol levels, and glucose levels during a screening ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 209 22. To screen for colorectal cancer, colonoscopy should be conducted every 10 years beginning at age: a. 30. b. 40. c. 50. d. 60. ANS: C It is recommended that men and women age 50 and older have a colonoscopy performed every 10 years to screen for colorectal cancer. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 207 (Box 9-5) 23. For which of the following is Type 2 diabetes mellitus screening recommended? a. Overweight woman b. Teenager c. Man with hypertension d. Woman with a family history of Type 2 diabetes mellitus ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 207 (Box 9-5) 24. Which of the following women should be screened for breast cancer? a. A 35-year old woman with three children and no family history of breast cancer b. A 59-year-old woman with no children who still gets her period every month c. A 25-year-old woman with one child whom she gave birth to when she was a teenager d. A 17-year-old woman with one child who started menstruating at the age of 13 ANS: B In the United States, the incidence of breast cancer increases with age. Breast cancer mammography screenings are recommended every 1 to 2 years for women over 40. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 208 (Box 9-6) 25. A nurse is speaking to a women’s group in the community about the importance of completing mammography to screen for breast cancer. At which age should the nurse recommend that mammography begin? a. 18 b. 21 c. 35 d. 40 ANS: D It is recommended that all women age 40 and older have a mammography performed every 1 to 2 years to screen for breast cancer. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 208 (Box 9-6) 26. A nurse is reviewing the chart of a 15-year-old girl who has been sexually active since the age of 12. Which of the following findings would be of most concern? a. She does not perform self-breast exams. b. She has never had a Pap test. c. She had one HIV test performed at the age of 13. d. She does not use birth control pills. ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 208 (Box 9-7) MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which of the following is an example of screening? (select all that apply) a. Asking if someone performs self-breast exam b. Performing a self-breast exam c. Obtaining a mammogram d. Undergoing a needle biopsy ANS: B, C DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 196 2. A nurse is assessing a community and is trying to determine the appropriateness of conducting a Type 2 diabetes screening in the community. Which of the following questions would the nurse need to answer when making this decision? (select all that apply) a. Is Type 2 diabetes considered a community problem? b. What are the health benefits of screening for Type 2 diabetes? c. Can Type 2 diabetes be detected by screening? d. What is the cost-benefit ratio of implementing this screening? ANS: A, B, C PATTERN 1. A nurse is determining which family assessment tool would be best to implement with a family when planning home visits for health promotion. Which of the following criteria should the nurse use to evaluate these tools? a. The number of questions asked on the assessment tool b. The linkages of the assessment to Healthy People 2020 c. The amount of involvement that the family has in completing the tool d. The capability of the tool to assess goals and outcomes ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: pp. 150-151 2. Which of the following best describes the nurse’s role in health promotion and disease prevention? a. Educating about home safety measures b. Identifying areas for family improvement c. Implementing the nursing process using a systems perspective d. Acting as a role model for the family ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: pp. 151-152 3. Which of the following theories is an attempt to explain families as a set of interacting individuals with patterns of living that influence health decisions? a. Feminist theory b. Systems theory c. Developmental theory d. Resiliency theory ANS: B Systems theory is an attempt to explain patterns of living among the individuals who make up the family system. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 151 4. A nurse is assessing how a family will transition and adapt after their youngest child leaves for college. By using this framework, which of the following perspectives is the nurse implementing? a. Risk-factor b. Structural-functional c. Open systems d. Developmental ANS: Dj DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 152 5. Which of the following would be described as a family structural component? a. Income earner of the house b. Socialization for the family c. Immunization of infants d. Launching of children ANS: A Structural components of the family refer to family roles and relationships. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 152 6. A nurse is collecting data for a family assessment using Gordon’s functional health patterns. The nurse learns that the family has no books in the home to read to the preschool-age children. To which of the following functional health patterns does this information pertain? a. Roles-relationship b. Cognitive-perceptual c. Health-perception–health-management d. Self-perception–self-concept ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 157 7. A nurse who is using Gordon’s functional health patterns is planning to assess its roles-relationships pattern. Which of the following questions would be most appropriate for the nurse to ask? a. What is the family’s philosophy of health? b. What does the family do to have fun? c. How are problems in the family resolved? d. Who decides when and how children go to sleep? ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: pp. 158-159 8. A nurse is using a genogram to represent a family. Which of the following statements is accurate? a. A genogram identifies the genetic disorders of the family. b. A genogram includes information about the past two generations. c. A genogram can be used to make connections about family health patterns. d. A genogram begins with a circle in the center of the page. ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 160 9. The ecomap of a client’s family has slashed lines drawn from the son to the family church. Based on this information, what conclusion can the nurse make? a. The son is deceased. b. The son is actively involved with the family church. c. The son has a stressful relationship with the church. d. The son has no relationship with the church. ANS: C Slashed lines on an ecomap signify stressful relationships. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 160 10. A client reports that her family will be moving because her husband is taking a new job in another state. She is very unhappy about the decision and doesn’t want to move. What action should the nurse take next? a.Assess the client’s and family’s coping mechanisms in handling stress. b. Encourage the client to act excited about the move. c. Talk to the husband to get his perspective on the move. d. Tell her that all families must cope with new situations from time to time. ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 164 11. In a family in which the mother and the father differ on how to spend and save money, the parents are constantly arguing with each other. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care for this couple? a. Assist them to develop strategies that are congruent with their values. b. Allow each of them to defend his or her own values. c. Focus on outcomes that each wants to accomplish. d. Divert their attention to areas in which they are successful. ANS: A When strategies are used that are congruent with each individual’s values, the couple adjusts. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 166 12. A blended family has six children, ages 2, 4, 4, 5, 7, and 10. During a visit to the home, the nurse notices that the 7-year-old seems quiet and withdrawn, whereas the other children are playing loudly in the garage. Which of the following conclusions can the nurse make from this observation? a. This child has most likely been abused. b. This child is one of multiple children closely spaced in age. c. This family suffers from low self-esteem. d. This family provides harsh punishment for their children. ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 167 13. The nurse is caring for a family who has 2-year-old twins. Which of the following health promotion advice would be included in the nurse’s plan of care for this couple? a. Wear bicycle helmets for safety. b. Use caution around the family swimming pool. c. Cross the street at using the crosswalks. d. Advocate for the day care to provide adequate socialization. ANS: B Two-year-olds are prone to wandering to where water is and could fall into a swimming pool without being noticed. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 167 14. A nurse is conducting a health promotion assessment for a family with a 9-month-old. Which of the following should be of most concern to the nurse? a. The age of the house in which the family lives b. Genetic diseases in the family c. Driving practices in the family d. Toilet training for the child ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 167 15. A nurse is caring for a family with an adolescent child. Which of the following problems would the nurse anticipate that the family would report? a. Concerns about career decisions b. Concerns about exposure to environmental hazards c. Difficulty with parents finding fulfillment with raising the child d. Difficulty with open communication with the child ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 168 16. The nurse is working with a middle-age married couple whose son has just graduated from college. Which developmental tasks would the nurse expect to find in this family? a. Attending activities for their son b. Strengthening their marital relationship for future family stages c. Acting as a launching center for their son d. Responding to the prospect of changing careers ANS: C Families with young adults act as launching centers for children ready to leave home. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: pp. 168-169 17. A nurse has developed a family nursing diagnosis. Which of the following best describes the purpose of this action? a. Describes the strengths of the family b. Allows for creation of goals for the family c. Promotes behavioral change among family members d. Validates health problems with the family ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 170 18. A home care nurse is planning an intervention with a family focusing on decreasing susceptibility. Which of the following nursing interventions would be most appropriate to implement? a. Education about building on current strengths of the family b. Education about hand hygiene c. Education about health care resources in the community d. Education about child safety seats ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 171 19. A nurse is making a final home visit with a family to evaluate the nursing care plan. Which of the following actions would the nurse most likely complete during this visit? a. Obtain vital signs from all members of the family. b. Ask the family members to state the goals that were previously developed. c. Collect data similar to that which was collected at the initial visit for comparison. d. Educate about the importance of using role relationships to create a healthy family. ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 172 20. A nurse is planning a home visit for a family. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the nurse to take? a. Study information regarding the family from agency records and other sources. b. Make a contract with the family that states specific goals and objectives. c. Identify how the home visit will be financed. d. Understand the situation from the family’s perspective. ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 151 (Box 7-1) 21. A nurse is providing follow-up care for a family who has recently had a baby. Which of the following topics should the nurse anticipate discussing with the family? a. Type 1 diabetes b. Fetal alcohol syndrome c. Communicable diseases d. SIDS ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 154 (Table 7-1) MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. A home health nurse is admitting a 54-year-old man for services following a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). As part of the initial visit the nurse completes a family assessment. What is the purpose of this nursing action? (select all that apply) a. Allows for health promotion and disease prevention appraisal b. Allows for inclusion of family members in decision-making c. Allows for data collection necessary for comparison to Healthy People 2020 d. Allows for development of patient-centered care ANS: A, B DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 150 2. A nurse is providing care for a family in the community. Which of the following characteristics would the nurse assess to determine the health of the family? (select all that apply) a. Developmental stage of each family member b. Coping mechanisms of each family member c. Potential risk factors within the family d. Maintenance of trust within the family ANS: B, C, D DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 152 (Box 7-2) 3. A nurse is conducting an environmental assessment as part of a family assessment. Which of the following would the nurse assess? (select all that apply) a. Garbage collection in the neighborhood b. Convenience stores in the neighborhood c. Safety of the home d. Climate of the home ANS: A, B, C, D
