Health Care Ethics (Finals) Reviewer PDF

HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER when people make moral decisions, feelings come into play, organizing them into Framework and Principles Behind our inclinations, affects, passions and desires....

HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER when people make moral decisions, feelings come into play, organizing them into Framework and Principles Behind our inclinations, affects, passions and desires. Moral Disposition Frameworks Moral Feeling (Week 9-10) Moral Emotions Roles of Feeling in Decision Making Feelings – are conscious experience brought by emotional experience and Moral Emotions physical sensation. Inner directed emotions/ Negative Emotions – a natural instinctive state of Emotions mind deriving from one’s circumstance, Guilt mood, or relationship with others. (The interpretation of the brain on what’s going Embarrassment on around us through our memories.) Shame Intuition – the ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning. Outer directed emotions/ Negative Emotions Anger Emotion Disgust Can be manifest by conscious or subconsciously. Contempt Can be impacted with culture. Can be influenced by beliefs. Positive emotions Can be a result of traumatic experiences. Gratitude Can be produced by thought or memory. Admirations Sympathy Theory according to Immanuel Kant Empathy Immanuel Kant - one of the first philosophers who explored the nature of feelings and attempted to explain the Feelings as Obstacle to making the Right relationship between feeling and morality. Decision According to this theory of moral feeling, JESS 💙🩺  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER 1. Ethical Subjectivism For scheler, values are international objects of feelings, qualities given originally 2. Emotivism in the “feeling of something”. Feelings can Help Making the Right Importance of Values to Ethics Decision  Ethics and values are interconnected Emotions are a crucial part of what gives and symbiotic. While ethics provides life meaning, and ought to play a guiding the framework for assessing and role in morality. guiding human conduct, values Experientially, our moral compass is also serve as the underlying principles influenced by feelings. Sometimes, cold, that shape ethical behavior. impartial, rational thinking is not the only proper way to make an ethical decision, but also of our feelings. 1. Values as a foundation of ethics Subjected feelings sometimes matter 2. Ethics guided by values when deciding right and wrong. 3. Values influencing ethical decision making. Importance of Values to Ethics 4. Ethical behavior reflecting values Determines behaviors 5. Ethical reflection shaping values Individual's belief that motivates people to act one way or another Thomas Quintin Donato Andres - Influence decision making Hierarchy of Filipino Values Major influences in values formation are Closeness to the family - close family ties one’s family, peers, education and the which remain even through adulthood. media. Debt of gratitude - Utang na loob (Values Axiology - is the study of values of reciprocity) Social acceptance - Social approval that enables them to function in a society. Max Scheler Social Mobility - Hardworking German philosopher known for his work in phenomenology, ethics and philosophical Self Esteem - the strong desire to be anthropology. respected JESS 💙🩺  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER - His moral philosophy is based around assessing the broad characters of human beings rather than assessing an act in isolation. Virtue Ethics: Becoming Virtuous - According to Aristotle’s theory, the virtuous (Week 11-12) person exhibits the joint excellence of Virtue - Behavior showing high moral reason and character. The virtuous person standards not only knows that the good thing to do is, she/he is also emotionally attached to it. In Virtue in philosophy - is the quest to addition, these two excellence, or virtues, understand and live a life of moral character are intimately connected, so one cannot be had without the other. Why is virtue important? - it promotes the human person’s intellectual and moral - Aristotle refers to virtues as character capabilities, but also civil responsibility. traits or psychological dispositions. Virtues are those particular dispositions that are - Example of virtue (Honesty, Courage, appropriately related to the situation and, to Compassion, Generosity, Fidelity, Integrity, link back to our function, encourage actions Fairness, Self-control, Prudence.) that are in accordance with reason. - For Aristotle, virtue is not a feeling itself Seven Virtues Thing but an appropriate psychological disposition in response to feeling. a) Chastity - Example - All of us, at one time or another, b) Temperance experience feelings of anger. “The patient may become angry at the nurse who gives c) Charity the medication late, given that the ratio of d) Diligence patients is 10 patients: 1 nurse at the medical ward, who momentarily loses track e) Kindness of time (how totally unfair to them).” f) Patience - Anyone can be angry - That is easy. But to be angry at the right person, to the right g) Humility degree, at the right time, for the right Aristotle’s Concept of Virtue purpose and in a right way - that is not easy - Aristotle (384-322 BC) was a scholar in disciplines such as ethics, metaphysics, Eudaimonia biology and botany. “The Golden Means Toward Happiness” JESS 💙🩺  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER - The good life for a human being is achieved when we act according to telos. However,rather than leaving the concept of goodness as general and abstract we can say more specifically what the good for a human involves. (Happiness and Core Values of a Professional Nurse Flourishing.) Altruism - Aristotle uses the Greek word “Eudaimonia” to capture the state that we Autonomy experience if we fully achieve a good life. Human dignity - To reach this state, we must ourselves act Integrity in accordance with reasons. Social justice Virtue Ethics in Nursing Deontological Ethics Is an approach that focuses on character with the assumption that a person's good (Week 13) character will tend to behave in a way that is consistent with their character. Kantian - Deontology - Duties - Obligations - Goodwill - Unconditional A virtue ethics in nursing is therefore concerned with the character of individual nurses and seeks ways to enable nurses to Deontology - is the moral philosophy that develop character traits appropriate for that judges an act as moral or good based on enhance wellbeing.(sellman 2017) the intentions of individual committing the act and the duties the person is obligated to uphold Six Principles Apply to Nursing Duty - a moral or legal obligation; a 1. Professional competence responsibility “unconditional” 2. Honesty and integrity Obligation - an act or course of action in which a person is morally or legally bound 3. Caring and compassion Maxim - A general principle on which we act 4. Fairness and justice Imperative - Command 5. Respect and self-respect 6. Courage 💙🩺 JESS  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER that denounce discrimination for any reason. It provides a framework and a standard for ethical decision making within the organization. Categorical and Hypothetical Imperative It protects the vulnerable groups and other Categorical - due “X” - Unconditional study participants from harmful effects of demand the experimental interventions. - Holds the fundamental principle of our moral duties. It is an imperative because it Importance Code of Ethics for Filipino is a command addressed to agents who Nurses could follow it but might not. The professional code of ethics for Filipino (Example: You need to take care of your nurses strongly emphasizes the four-fold sick relatives.) responsibility of the nurses, 1. the universality of nursing practice, Hypothetical - If “X” then “Why?” - 2. the scope of their responsibilities to the Dependent on condition, emotions people they serve, - Is a command that also applies to us in 3. to their co-workers, to society and virtue of our having a rational will, but not environment, simply in virtue of this. It requires us to exercise our will in a certain way given we 4. and to their profession. have antecedently willed an end. (Example: In order to have a good salary, you need to 7 ARTICLES OF CODE OF ETHICS FOR work hard.) FILIPINO NURSES. Importance Code of Ethics for Nurses ARTICLE I - PREAMBLE This provides nurses with a set of ▪ Health is a fundamental right. The Filipino guidelines to adhere to as they make RN, believing in the worth and dignity of decisions. each human being, recognizes the primary responsibility to preserve health at all cost. To ensure that nurses can provide care This responsibility encompasses promotion that is fair, just and personalized for of health, prevention of illness, alleviation of individual needs of the patient suffering, and restoration of health. However, when the foregoing is not possible, Promotes fair treatment to all individuals assistance towards a peaceful death shall JESS 💙🩺  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER be his/her obligation. the patients: they shall take appropriate steps to safeguard their rights and ▪ To assume this responsibility, RNs have to privileges. gain knowledge and understanding of man’s cultural, social, spiritual, psychological, and ecological aspects of illness, utilizing the therapeutic process. Cultural diversity and ▪ Registered Nurses are aware that their political and socio-economic status are actions have professional ethical, moral and inherent factors to effective nursing care. legal dimensions. They strive to perform their work in the best interest of all ▪ The desire for the respect and confidence concerned. of clientele, colleagues, co-workers, and the members of the community provides the incentive to attain and maintain the highest ARTICLE IV – REGISTERED NURSES and possible degree of ethical conduct. CO-WORKERS ▪ The RN is in solidarity with other members ARTICLE II – REGISTERED NURSES and of the health care team in working for the PEOPLE patient’s best interest. ▪ Values, customs, and spiritual beliefs held ▪ The RN maintains collegial and by individual shall be represented. collaborative working relationship with colleagues and other health care providers. ▪ Individual freedom to make rational and unconstrained decisions shall be respected. ▪ Personal information acquired in the ARTICLE V – REGISTERED NURSES, process of giving nursing care shall be held SOCIETY and ENVIRONMENT in strict confidence. ▪ The preservation of life, respect for human rights, and promotion of healthy environment shall be a commitment of a RN. ARTICLE III – REGISTERED NURSES and PRACTICE ▪ The establishment of linkages with the public in promoting local, national, and ▪ Human life is inviolable. international efforts to meet health and social needs of the people as a contributing ▪ Quality and excellence in the care of member of society is a noble concern of a patients are the goals of nursing practice. RN. ▪ Accurate documentation of actions and outcomes of delivered care is the hallmark of nursing accountability. ARTICLE VI – REGISTERED NURSES AND PROFESSION ▪ Registered nurses are the advocates of JESS 💙🩺  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER ▪ Maintenance of loyalty to the nursing permit of a nurse upon any of the following profession and preservation of its integrity grounds: are ideal. (a) For any of the causes mentioned in the ▪ Compliance with the by-laws of the accredited professional organization (PNA) preceding section; and other professional organizations of (b) For unprofessional and unethical which the RN is a member is a lofty duty. conduct; ▪ Commitment to continual learning and (c) For gross incompetence or serious active participation in the development and ignorance; growth of the profession are commendable obligations. (d) For malpractice or negligence in the practice of nursing; ▪ Contribution to the improvement of the socio-economic conditions and general (e) For the use of fraud, deceit, or false welfare of nurses through appropriate statements in obtaining a certificate of legislation is a practice and visionary registration/professional license or a mission. temporary/special permit; (f) For violation of this Act, then rules and regulations, Code of Ethics for nurses and ARTICLE VII – ADMINISTRATIVE technical standards for nursing practice, PENALTIES, REPEALING CLAUSE and policies of the Board and the EFFECTIVITY Commission,or the conditions and ▪ The certificate of registration of the RN limitations for the issuance of the shall either be revoked or suspended for temporary/special permit; or violation of any provisions of this Code (g) For practicing his/her profession during pursuant to Sec. 23 (f), Art.IV of R.A. No. his/her suspension from such practice; 9173 and Sec. 23 (f), rule III of Board Res. Provided, however, That the suspension of No. 425, Series of 2003, the IRR. the certificate of registration/professional license shall be for a period not to exceed four (4) years. * *Article IV of R.A. 9173 – Examination and Registration ▪ Sec. 23. Revocation and Suspension of ** Rule III of Board Res. No. 425, Series of Certificate of Registration/Professional 2003, the IRR (Implementing Rules and License and Cancellation of Regulations Special/Temporary Permit. – The Board ▪ Same as rule III of Board Res. No. 425, shall have the power to revoke or suspend Series of 2003, the IRR except: (f) the certificate of registration/professional Forviolation of RA No. 9173 and this IRR, license or cancel the special/ temporary JESS💙🩺  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER Code of Ethics for nurses and Code ○ It stresses balancing individual rights with ofTechnical Standards for nursing practice, collective welfare. policies of the Board and the Commission, or the conditions and limitations for the 3. Principle of Subsidiarity: issuance of the special/temporary permit; ○ Encourages societal structures to support or For this purpose, the suspension of the and empower local communities,rather than Certificate of Registration/Professional overriding them unnecessarily. Licenseshall be for a period not to exceed four (4) years. Evaluation Strengths: FATHER OF MEDICINE -HIPPOCRATES ○ The document effectively introduces complex ethical theories in a concise manner. Consequentialism and Ethics ○ Focuses on practical application in (WEEK 14) nursing and healthcare scenarios, Key Content and Themes emphasizing the need for balancing individual and societal interests. 1. Consequentialism: Limitations: ○ Emphasizes the moral judgment of actions based on their consequences. ○ The focus on consequentialism may overlook the importance of other ethical ○ Example: Lying is typically wrong, but it is theories like deontology or virtue ethics, morally acceptable under consequentialism which could offer alternative perspectives if it results in saving a life. on dilemmas. ○Prominent theories under ○ Simplifies complex theories, which may consequentialism: lead to misinterpretation without broader context. Hedonism: Actions are “good” if they increase pleasure or decrease pain. Utilitarianism: Advocates for the "greatest good for the greatest number." Relevance to Modern Ethics 2. Principle of Common Good: The principles of common good and ○ Refers to societal conditions enabling subsidiarity resonate in healthcare policies, individuals and communities to achieve particularly in public health initiatives and their full potential. resource allocation. JESS 💙🩺  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER Consequentialism’s focus on outcomes independent ethics committees. aligns with clinical decision-making but requires integration with other ethical approaches for comprehensive analysis. 3. Additional Protocols: ○ Registration of all clinical trials in public Declaration of Helsinki databases. A cornerstone document in research ethics, ○ Post-study access to beneficial the Declaration of Helsinki establishes treatments for participants. ethical principles for conducting medical ○ Ethical obligations for the publication of research involving human subjects. all results, including negative findings. Key Content and Themes Evaluation 1. Foundational Principles: Strengths: ○ First adopted in 1964 and revised multiple ○ Comprehensive and detailed, addressing times, the declaration seeks to protect ethical, legal, and procedural aspects of human participants in medical research. research. ○ It builds on the physician’s ethical duty to ○ Prioritizes participant well-being over prioritize the patient’s health and well-being. scientific goals, ensuring respect for human 2. Key Ethical Guidelines: rights. ○ Informed Consent: Participation must be Limitations: voluntary, with comprehensive ○ Its broad scope can sometimes result in understanding by the subjects of risks, vague guidelines for specific situations. benefits, and procedures. ○ Requires harmonization with national ○Vulnerable Populations: Provides regulations, which can lead to disparities in additional protections for individuals unable enforcement. to consent, emphasizing safeguards against coercion. Relevance to Modern Ethics The declaration’s emphasis on informed consent and independent oversight remains ○ Risk-Benefit Analysis: Research should a gold standard in biomedical research. proceed only if the anticipated benefits outweigh potential risks. Its evolving nature ensures relevance to emerging ethical challenges, such as ○ Independent Review: Mandates that all genomic research, artificial intelligence, and research protocols be reviewed by JESS 💙🩺  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER global health equity. ○ Clear, straightforward guidelines that remain relevant across various contexts. ○ Pioneered the principle of voluntary The Nuremberg Code informed consent, which is now central to  Emerging from the atrocities of medical ethics. World War II, the Nuremberg Code Limitations: laid the foundation for ethical human experimentation. ○ Limited in scope, focusing solely on research ethics without addressing broader Key Content and Themes medical ethical concerns. 1. Historical Context: ○ Lacks detailed procedures for addressing ○ Developed in 1947 during the Nuremberg modern ethical dilemmas, such as the use Trials to address inhumane medical of digital data in research. experiments conducted by Nazi physicians. Relevance to Modern Ethics ○ Aimed to establish universal ethical Its principles are reflected in later standards for medical research. documents like the Declaration of Helsinki, 2. Ten Principles: underscoring its foundational role. ○ Voluntary Consent: The absolute The focus on voluntary consent continues necessity for informed, voluntary consent, to inform policies on patient autonomy and free from coercion or deceit. research ethics worldwide. ○ Risk vs. Benefit: Experiments must be ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses justified by their societal benefits and should avoid unnecessary suffering. The ANA Code of Ethics for Nursesprovides a comprehensive framework to guide ○ Scientific Justification: Research must be nurses in ethical decision-making and based on prior animal studies and a professional practice. sound understanding of the condition under investigation. Provision 1: Respect for the Patient Nurses must practice with compassion and ○ Termination of Harmful Studies: respect for every individuals dignity, worth, Researchers are obligated to terminate and unique characteristics. This includes: experiments if harm becomes evident.  Respecting human dignity.  Considering patientsvalues, lifestyles, and beliefs in their care. Evaluation  Supporting self-determination and informed decisions. Strengths: JESS 💙🩺  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER Provision 2: Commitment to the Provision 6: Promoting Healthy Patient Environments A nurse's primary commitment is to the Nurses contribute to environments that patient, whether an individual, family, or foster ethical practice and quality community. This includes: healthcare. This includes:  Advocating for the patient's best  Ensuring safe working conditions. interests.  Participating in collective actions to  Maintaining professional boundaries improve workplace standards. while collaborating with patients and healthcare teams. Provision 7: Advancing the Profession Provision 3: Protecting Patient Rights Nurses support the profession through education, research, and policy Nurses must prioritize the health, safety, development by: and rights of their patients by ensuring:  Upholding professional standards.  Privacy and confidentiality.  Engaging in lifelong learning.  Ethical participation in research.  Addressing questionable or impaired practices. Provision 8: Collaboration for Health Needs Provision 4: Accountability and Nurses work with other professionals and Responsibility the public to address health concerns at community, national, and global levels. Nurses are accountable for their professional actions, including: Provision 9: Shaping Policy and  Delegating tasks appropriately. Integrity  Providing quality care consistent with professional standards. The nursing profession is responsible for articulating values, maintaining integrity, and influencing social policies for the Provision 5: Duties to Self benefit of society. Nurses owe themselves the same care they give others. They are responsible for:  Maintaining personal integrity and safety.  Continuing professional growth and competence. JESS 💙🩺  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER Reproductive Issues and Nursing Ethics 3. Reproductive Rights and Civil Liberties (GROUP 1) Rights Include: ○ Access to contraception. 1. Moral Standing in Reproductive Issues ○ Safe abortion (illegal in the Philippines Definition: Moral standing refers to the except to save the mother's life). level of moral consideration a being ○ Comprehensive maternal health care. deserves based on inherent qualities such as sentience and personhood. Ethical Considerations: Key Theories: ○ Balancing legal and ethical duties with personal beliefs. ○ Conception: Begins at fertilization. ○ Sentience: Tied to fetal awareness. 4. Reproductive Technologies ○ Birth: Full moral standing starts at birth. Surrogacy: Includes traditional and Nurses' Role: Understand bioethical gestational surrogacy. Legal status in the debates to make informed decisions. Philippines remains unclear. Family Balancing: Gender selection 2. Maternal-Fetal Conflict methods like IVF and sperm sorting. Definition: Conflicts between a pregnant In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Assisted woman’s interests and those of her fetus. reproduction to treat infertility. Causes: ○ Lifestyle choices (e.g., substance use). 5. Genetic Screening and Testing ○ Medical decisions (e.g., treatment refusal). Purpose: Detect genetic disorders or mutations for early intervention. Ethical Dilemmas: Types: ○ Mother's autonomy vs. fetus's rights. ○ Diagnostic, predictive, prenatal, and ○ Balancing respect for autonomy and newborn testing. nonmaleficence. Challenges: ○ Privacy concerns and potential genetic discrimination. ○ High costs and access issues. JESS 💙🩺  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER 2. Palliative Care 6. Nursing Ethics in the Philippine Context Purpose: Legal Frameworks: - Enhance quality of life by managing symptoms and providing comfort. ○ The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act (RA 10354). - Shift focus from cure to alleviation of suffering. ○ The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act. Ethical Considerations: Ethical Challenges: - Prioritize beneficence by avoiding ○ Respect for autonomy and confidentiality. aggressive treatments that prolong ○ Addressing cultural and religious suffering. sensitivities. - Communicate the goals and benefits of palliative care to patients and families. Ethical Issues in End-of-Life Nursing Care (GROUP 2) 3. Rule of Double Effect Definition: 1. Care for the Dying Patient Administering treatments (e.g., opioids) for pain relief despite potential secondary Core Principles: effects like hastening death. - Respect dignity and autonomy in patient Key Points: care. - Intent should always be symptom relief, - Focus on balancing comfort measures and not accelerating death. life-extending treatments. - Importance of transparency and proper - Address physical, emotional, spiritual, and documentation. psychological needs holistically. 4. Euthanasia Ethical Framework: Definition: Beneficence: Promote the patient’s well- being. Intentionally ending a patient’s life to relieve suffering. Nonmaleficence: Avoid causing harm. JESS 💙🩺  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER Ethical Challenges: Emotional and Spiritual Support: - Balancing patient autonomy with legal and - Provide compassionate care, addressing professional obligations. grief and acceptance. - Supporting patients while managing - Facilitate access to spiritual or personal moral beliefs. psychological counselors. Considerations in Legal Contexts: Managing Ethical Distress: - Nurses may provide support and - Reflect on personal beliefs and seek information but must adhere to legal and guidance from ethics committees or ethical standards. colleagues. 5. Suicide (Assisted Suicide) Balancing Beneficence and Nonmaleficence: Definition: - Continuously evaluate interventions to Patients with terminal illnesses choosing to avoid causing harm while promoting end their life with medical assistance. comfort. Nursing Role: Communication: - Offer non-judgmental support and educate - Offer clear and empathetic explanations to patients on all available options, including ease anxiety and help families understand palliative care. care goals. - Seek ethical guidance when facing personal or professional conflicts. Nursing care at the end of life requires adherence to ethical principles like 6. Nursing Considerations in End-of-Life autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, Care Advocacy: and justice. By providing compassionate, holistic care and respecting patient choices, - Ensure the patient’s preferences are nurses play a vital role in ensuring a respected, including advance directives. meaningful and dignified end-of-life experience. - Act as a communication bridge between the medical team and families. JESS 💙🩺  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER Ethics and the Digital Age  COVID-KAYA data breach (2020): Exposed healthcare worker data, (GROUP 3) impacting trust and safety.  PhilHealth data breach (2023): 1. Privacy violations affecting millions, Ethics and the Digital Age causing legal and operational issues.  Ethics: Moral principles guiding Data Protection and Security actions and decisions, defining right  Republic Act No. 10173 (Data and wrong. Privacy Act of 2012): Safeguards  Digital Age: Era marked by digital personal data collection and sharing. technologies (e.g., internet, AI, social  HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability media). and Accountability Act): Protects  Interconnection: Ethics adapts to patient health information, ensuring challenges in the digital realm to compliance in online impose accountability. communications.  Code of Ethics: Outlines core values, 2. behavior guidelines, and Digital Spheres and Human consequences for breaches. Interaction  Digital Spheres: Online environments Benefits Discussed: for communication (e.g., social media, cloud storage).  Enhanced patient care through tools  Human Interaction: Exchange of like EHRs, promoting timely and ideas and emotions, influenced by personalized care. digital tools.  Digital inclusion initiatives to  Examples: Social media updates, address healthcare disparities. team strategies in online gaming,  Ethical promotion of social justice, and e-commerce reviews. health literacy, and equitable access  Importance: Enhances connection, to care. engagement, and simplifies data through immersive technologies. Disadvantages Highlighted: 3.  Overdependence on technology may Cyber Ethics and Responsibilities hinder critical thinking and problem-  Respect for Privacy: Avoid accessing solving. or sharing sensitive information.  Privacy risks, misinformation, and  Honesty: Prevent misinformation, inequity in access to digital tools. particularly in health contexts.  Security Awareness: Protect data using secure practices.  Professionalism Online: Avoid inappropriate content and ensure confidentiality. 4. Issues in Cyberspace  Case Studies:  WannaCry ransomware attack (2017): Healthcare disruptions due to system vulnerabilities. JESS 💙🩺  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER ANSWERS IN HCE FINAL EXAMS What does it demonstrated IF PATIENT ASK YOU ABOUT THE A. Respect PROGNOSIS OF THEIR TERMINAL ILLNESS. WHAT IS YOUR BEST RESPONSE TO BALANCE HONESTY AND DISCUSSION It is a concern of wellbeing and welfare of B. APPROACH PATIENT WITH SENSITIVITY others in professional practice. It is a AND ACKNOWLEDGED THEIR FEAR concern of nurses and other healthcare providers. C. Altruism YOU NOTICE A POTENTIAL SAFETY HAZARD D. BOTH A AND B Limited health care just and fair Justice EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT (POSITIVE QUESTION) What refers to immediate judgement of A. practical reason applying the C. Conscience ACCORDING TO ARISTOTLE WHAT PRINCIPLE IS THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF Nurses patient caring experience severe HUMAN LIFE pain C. EUDAIMONIA A. Compassion IT IS AN APPROACH CHARACTER AND Remembering the code of ethics for nurses ASSUMPTION ARE CONSISTENT WITH requires nurses to maintain professional THEIR CHARACTER || PERSON'S GOOD competence CHARACTER WOULD TEND TO BEHAVE EMEME B. Continuing education and training C. VIRTUE ETHICS IN NURSING Which of the following describe the nonmaleficence, Hippocratic code, and code of ethics for nurses B. Nurses should not cause harm to the patients 💙🩺 JESS  HEALTH CARE ETHICS (FINALS) REVIEWER A clinical trial is being held in hospital H Nursing students are reminded to dwell in where an old adult will be screened to the theory of Kant that emphasizes on what? eligibility criteria however the patient is not interested to participate. Deontology - duty ethics Right to refuse Bellmond report two general rule to practice beneficence When disclosing any potential benefits or harm in the study of research what this is called Nurse kahino want to empliment utalitarian A. Transparency B. The greatest number Which of the following is Considered a core Nurse Jonas confirms that statement an Filipino values that encompasses the family action conforme utility tie and relationship A True Utang na loob HIV is mode of transmission is through A patient who brain is cease to function sexual intercourse A. Brain dead B. Fidelity Nurse Mila is a newly promoted charge "So do not fear, for I am with you; do not be nurse she is task to deligate dedicate the dismayed, for I am your God. I will bed side nurses strengthen you and help you; I will uphold B. Responsibility you with my righteous right hand." - Isaiah 41:10 Which Filipino value is Bayanihan JESS 💙🩺