Health Models and Illness Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the most important cultural factor to consider when planning care for an Arab American individual?

  • The frequency of traditional cultural practices during a health crisis.
  • The individual's future orientation.
  • The role of religion in their culture. (correct)
  • The size of their family.

What is the rationale behind encouraging an Asian American family to send their child to school?

  • To guarantee the child receives a good education.
  • To facilitate the child's socialization and adaptation to a new culture. (correct)
  • To provide access to healthcare services at school.
  • To comply with legal requirements for school attendance.

Which of the following statements about Arab Americans is true?

  • They tend to have smaller families than the general population.
  • They are less likely to have college degrees than the general population.
  • They are more likely to have college degrees than the general population. (correct)
  • They are less likely to use traditional cultural practices during a health crisis.

What is the most appropriate action for a healthcare professional providing education to the parents of an Asian American child with Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Observing nonverbal cues from the adults to assess understanding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fastest-growing minority group in the United States between 2000 and 2010?

<p>Hispanic American (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important factor to consider when providing healthcare to individuals from different cultural backgrounds?

<p>The patient's cultural beliefs and practices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended approach for providing culturally competent healthcare?

<p>Assuming all cultural practices are the same within a group. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason behind the emphasis on cultural competency in healthcare?

<p>To ensure all patients receive equal access to healthcare. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do American Indians generally define illness?

<p>As a price that is being paid for the past or the future (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural group most closely associates health with a gift from God?

<p>Hispanic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of death among women?

<p>Coronary artery disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional health pattern may conflict for a client who frequently misses insulin doses?

<p>Values-beliefs (B), Cognitive-perceptual (C), Health-perception–health-management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who among the following is at risk for a dysfunction in their elimination pattern?

<p>32-year-old African American man (A), 46-year-old mother of two (B), 15-year-old girl (C), 50-year-old male office worker (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios illustrates asymptomatic pathogenesis?

<p>Elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of conducting cholesterol screenings at factories?

<p>Identification of at-risk individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a misleading interpretation of a client's health situation who does not take their insulin regularly?

<p>They are managing their health effectively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best highlights the communal responsibility towards homelessness?

<p>Homelessness should be of concern to everyone in the neighborhood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)?

<p>Addressing and reducing health disparities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which federal agency is most likely to assist in developing a colorectal cancer screening program for ethnic minorities?

<p>The Office of Minority Health. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best exemplifies transcultural nursing practices?

<p>Adapting nursing care to meet the need of a person from an ethnic minority. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective strategy for a nurse aiming to enhance cultural competence?

<p>Provide care to diverse populations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative could best contribute to reducing health disparities among racial minorities?

<p>Establishing community-based health education programs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is least effective in addressing homelessness?

<p>Focusing on punitive measures against the homeless. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is critical for addressing mental health issues in communities?

<p>Engaging community resources and support systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cultural concept is associated with disease in Asian American culture?

<p>The hot and cold concept (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that likely contributed to a family's recent homelessness?

<p>Being unable to find affordable housing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When caring for an individual who is homeless, which consideration is most relevant regarding health insurance prevalence?

<p>It is much lower among the homeless than the general population. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor should be prioritized for a homeless individual recently diagnosed with Type II diabetes?

<p>Finding supportive housing for the individual (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is often underestimated when dealing with the homeless population in healthcare settings?

<p>The prevalence of substance abuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In community action coalitions addressing homelessness, which focus area is essential?

<p>Advocating for affordable housing initiatives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing care for individuals experiencing homelessness, which health issue should be highlighted?

<p>The high prevalence of chronic mental health conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about chronic illness among the homeless is true?

<p>They contribute significantly to mortality rates in this population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sensitivity refer to in screening tests?

<p>The proportion of true positives identified by the test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does excellent test specificity mean in the context of the Denver Developmental Screening Test?

<p>It rarely identifies children who do not actually have developmental delays (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method describes how the nurse determined interobserver reliability of blood pressure readings?

<p>Two nurses obtained readings of 124/82 on two different days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates poor sensitivity in the context of a sweat test for cystic fibrosis?

<p>6 out of 10 tests are negative, but all individuals actually have cystic fibrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of a test producing a significant number of false positive results?

<p>The test may not be valid for the population being screened (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is likely indicated if a nurse conducts a test and observes consistent results from multiple tests?

<p>High interobserver reliability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it imply if a developmental screening test has a high false negative rate?

<p>It fails to detect many children who have developmental delays (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a screening test to have high sensitivity in medical practice?

<p>To minimize the risk of missing individuals with the disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the questions the nurse needs to address when considering Type 2 diabetes screening in the community?

<p>Is Type 2 diabetes considered a community problem? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which criterion is the least relevant when evaluating family assessment tools for health promotion?

<p>The cost of the assessment tool (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nurse's role in health promotion and disease prevention?

<p>Acting as a role model for the family (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory explains families as a set of interacting individuals influencing health decisions?

<p>Systems theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential health benefit of screening for Type 2 diabetes?

<p>Early detection and management of the disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect should a nurse consider when identifying a family's capabilities in completing an assessment tool?

<p>The level of education of family members (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In assessing a family's adaptation after a child's transition to college, which perspective should the nurse adopt?

<p>Family systems perspective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which question helps assess the cost-effectiveness of Type 2 diabetes screening?

<p>What is the cost-benefit ratio of implementing this screening? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hot and Cold Concept of Disease

A belief in some Asian American cultures that health is influenced by hot and cold elements.

Homelessness Contributing Factor

The inability to find affordable housing is a major reason for becoming homeless.

Healthcare for the Homeless

People experiencing homelessness often have lower health insurance coverage compared to the general population.

Substance Abuse Prevalence

The prevalence of substance abuse is reportedly lower in the homeless population than in the general population.

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Type II Diabetes Care

When caring for the homeless with Type II diabetes, finding supportive housing is crucial.

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HIV/AIDS Prevalence

The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is higher among the homeless population than the general population.

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Community Action Coalition

A group formed to address important health and social issues, such as homelessness.

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Access to Medical Care

Homeless individuals often have limited access to medical care compared to the general population.

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American Indian illness definition

American Indians see illness as a price for past or future actions.

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Hispanic health belief

Hispanics view health as a gift from God.

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Leading cause of death in women

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death among women.

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Insulin non-compliance patterns

Health perception, cognitive ability, and values are affected when insulin is not taken regularly.

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Risk for elimination dysfunction

All provided individuals (mother, man, girl, woman) are at risk for elimination pattern dysfunction.

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Asymptomatic pathogenesis example

An elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level can indicate an issue without symptoms.

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Cholesterol screening advantage

Conducting cholesterol screening can identify risks in employees' health.

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Functional health patterns

Functional health patterns assess various aspects of a person's health behaviors and lifestyle.

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Arab American education levels

Arab Americans are more likely to have college degrees compared to the general American population.

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Cultural practices in healthcare

In Arab American culture, religion plays a significant role in healthcare decisions.

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Education for children

For an Asian American child with Type I diabetes, providing instructions to the father is important.

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Schooling rationale for immigrants

Encouraging Asian American families to send their children to school is supported by socialization benefits.

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Fastest-growing minority group (2000-2010)

Asian Americans were the fastest-growing minority group in the U.S. from 2000 to 2010.

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Importance of nonverbal communication

In healthcare education, watching for nonverbal cues can reveal understanding among Asian American families.

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Future orientation in culture

Some cultures, such as Arab Americans, tend to be oriented towards future planning.

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Role of culture in health crises

Traditional cultural practices may be seldom utilized during health crises in certain ethnic groups.

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Sensitivity

Proportion of people with a condition who test positive.

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Specificity

Ability of a test to correctly identify those without the condition.

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Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST)

A tool to assess developmental delays in children.

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Interobserver Reliability

Consistency of measurements between different observers.

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Blood Pressure Readings

Measurements of the force of blood against artery walls.

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False Positive

A test result indicating a condition that isn't present.

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Cystic Fibrosis Sweat Test

Test used to screen for cystic fibrosis based on sweat salt levels.

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Poor Sensitivity

When a test misses many cases of a condition, yielding false negatives.

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Type 2 Diabetes Screening

Assessing a community to decide if screening for Type 2 diabetes is necessary.

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Health Benefits of Screening

Understanding how screening for Type 2 diabetes can improve health outcomes.

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Community Problem

Assessing whether Type 2 diabetes affects a significant number of community members.

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Cost-Benefit Ratio

Evaluating the economic implications of implementing Type 2 diabetes screening.

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Family Assessment Tool

A method used by nurses to plan health promotion during home visits.

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Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion

The nurse acts as a role model to encourage health in families.

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Systems Theory

A theory that explains families as interacting individuals influencing health decisions.

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Family Transition

How families adjust when significant changes, like a child going to college, occur.

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Financial Assistance Programs

Programs designed to provide economic support to individuals or families in need, particularly the homeless.

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Community Concern for Homelessness

The idea that homelessness impacts everyone in a neighborhood, necessitating community involvement.

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Job Growth's Role in Homelessness

Encouraging the creation of jobs in an area to help reduce homelessness through employment opportunities.

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Mental Health Providers and Homelessness

The responsibility of mental health professionals to address issues related to homelessness within their communities.

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National Institutes of Health (NIH)

An agency focused on addressing and reducing health disparities across various populations in the U.S.

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Funding for Colorectal Cancer Screening

Finding financial sources to support cancer screening programs targeted at minority populations.

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Transcultural Nursing

Adapting nursing care to the cultural needs of patients from diverse backgrounds.

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Cultural Competence Improvement

Strategies and practices aimed at enhancing a nurse's ability to effectively interact with diverse cultural groups.

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Study Notes

Health Models

  • The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms as indicative of health.
  • People who use this model often wait until they are very sick to seek care.
  • The role performance model of health focuses on a person's ability to perform social and occupational roles within a societal context.
  • The adaptive model of health views a person as capable of adapting and adjusting if in good health.
  • The eudaimonistic model of health views health as a state of physical, spiritual, mental, and social functioning that realizes a person's potential and is experienced within a developmental context, known as "high-level wellness."

Health and Illness

  • Health is viewed as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person's potential and is experienced within a developmental context.
  • Illness is characterized by the presence of signs and/or symptoms
  • A client who has an illness is someone who is experiencing an abnormal state
  • The clinical model, the role performance model, the adaptive model, and the eudaimonistic model are common models of health.

Primary and Secondary Prevention

  • Primary prevention are actions taken to prevent a problem from occurring. Examples include:

    • Informational sessions about healthy lifestyles.
    • A campaign promoting healthy choices.

  • Secondary prevention involve early detection and treatment of a problem.

    • Examples include:
      • Yearly mammograms
      • Self-breast examinations

  • Tertiary prevention involves actions taken to limit the impact of a problem after it has occurred, and often aims to manage existing conditions

    • Examples include:
      • Emergency surgery for head trauma
      • Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident.

Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

  • Health education is seen as a primary technique to avoid major causes of disease. This can vary from a simple remark to a planned lesson.
  • The role of the nurse in different aspects of health-related care is important and can involve an advocate, a care manager, a consultant, or an educator depending on the situation

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