PSYC1010 Test 2 Topics - December 2024 PDF

**PSYC1010 TEST \#2 --- TOPICS TO FOCUS ON** **DATE: December 3, 2024, from 2:30-4:30pm** **LOCATION: Curtis Lecture Hall Room L (our usual classroom)** **TEST FORMAT** - 70 multiple-choice questions **covering ONLY Chapters 5, 6, 7, accompanying lecture slides, Dr. Loftus TED Talk on memo...

**PSYC1010 TEST \#2 --- TOPICS TO FOCUS ON** **DATE: December 3, 2024, from 2:30-4:30pm** **LOCATION: Curtis Lecture Hall Room L (our usual classroom)** **TEST FORMAT** - 70 multiple-choice questions **covering ONLY Chapters 5, 6, 7, accompanying lecture slides, Dr. Loftus TED Talk on memory & video on Galton's role in the Eugenics).** - - You have 2 hours to complete the test. **IF YOU ARRIVE LATE AND OTHER STUDENTS HAVE ALREADY COMPLETED THE TEST, YOU CANNOT WRITE THE TEST. YOU WILL RECEIVE A GRADE OF ZERO.** - Be sure to bring a pencil and your York ID card (physical card or on your phone). **[TOPICS TO FOCUS ON, BY CHAPTER]** **CHAPTER 5: LEARNING** - Classical conditioning (NS, UCS, UCR, CS, CR), extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization & stimulus discrimination. - Little Albert study on conditioned fear. - Seligman's learned taste aversion - Use of classical conditioning in advertising. - Operant conditioning (shaping, positive & negative reinforcement, positive & negative punishment, primary & secondary reinforcers, stimulus control training/discriminative stimulus) - Schedules of reinforcement & their influence on rates of responding. - Risks of using physical punishment. - Cognitive learning (latent learning/Tolman's cat maze study) - Observational learning/Bobo Doll studies, relationship between violent media consumption and real-world aggression). **CHAPTER 6: MEMORY** - Encoding, storage, retrieval - Sensory, short-term, and long-term memory (span, duration). - Levels of processing theory (superficial, moderate, deep and their impact on memory) - Rehearsal (maintenance, elaborative, chunking) - Serial position effect (primacy, recency effects). - Types of memory (declarative vs. non-declarative, implicit vs. explicit, semantic, episodic -- including the types of memories the Indigenous traditions of storytelling create, flashbulb, procedural). - The biology/neuroscience of memory (consolidation and the hippocampus, the role of the amygdala, long-term potentiation, memory traces, the role of sleep). - Retrieval cues (use of mnemonics and contextual cues, priming) - Forgetting (Why do we do it?, Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve, decay, proactive & retroactive interference, types of amnesia). - Constructive memory (Dr. Loftus's work on the misinformation effect & false memories, errors in eyewitness testimony). **CHAPTER 7: THINKING, LANGUAGE, INTELLIGENCE** - The building blocks of thought (mental representations, prototypes, concepts). - Problem-solving approaches (means-ends, working backward, use of heuristics, algorithms). - Types of problems (transformation, inducing structure, arrangement) - Barriers to problem-solving (irrelevant information, mental sets, functional fixedness) - Availability heuristic, representativeness heuristic, confirmation bias. - Convergent & divergent thinking & their relationship to creativity. - How the framing of a problem changes our approach to solving it or shapes our behaviour. - Components of language (Grammar ---phonemes, syntax, semantics) - Benchmarks in language development (e.g., age at which they babble, use telegraphic speech. overgeneralization errors, comprehension precedes production) - The case of Genie as an extreme example of critical periods of development in language. - Theories of language development (Nativist theory, learning theory, interactionist). - Bilingualism (advantages, Dr. Bialystok's work). - Intelligence (Galton's views and attempts to measure it, his influence on eugenics movement). - Theories of intelligence (Spearman's g, Sternberg's Triarchic model, Gardner's multiple intelligences, emotional intelligence) - Psychological tests/measures of intelligence (achievement, aptitude, intelligence tests) - Research on group differences in intelligence - Range of reaction theory of intelligence