Psychology Chapters 5-7 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which problem-solving approach involves breaking the problem down into smaller, manageable steps?

  • Working backward
  • Heuristic reasoning
  • Trial and error
  • Means-ends analysis (correct)
  • What cognitive barrier to problem-solving is characterized by relying on familiar strategies even when they are not effective?

  • Functional fixedness
  • Confirmation bias
  • Heuristic bias
  • Mental set (correct)
  • Which of the following best describes a characteristic of the availability heuristic?

  • Estimating probabilities based on memorable or recent events (correct)
  • Using exhaustive algorithms for decision-making
  • Evaluating situations based on historical data
  • Making judgments based on stereotypes
  • Which of the following is NOT a component of language?

    <p>Cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which theory of intelligence is the concept of 'g', or general intelligence, primarily identified?

    <p>Galton's theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is NOT associated with classical conditioning?

    <p>Operant reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'latent learning' refer to?

    <p>Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of memory, which effect suggests that items presented at the beginning of a list are remembered better?

    <p>Primacy effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hippocampus in memory processing?

    <p>Consolidation of new memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is primarily focused on the events and experiences of one's life?

    <p>Episodic memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best example of a retrieval cue?

    <p>A mnemonic device created to remember a fact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes the decrease in memory retention over time?

    <p>Decay theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best illustrates the concept of false memories?

    <p>Recalling a vivid personal story that never occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Test Format

    • 70 multiple-choice questions covering chapters 5, 6, and 7
    • Includes lecture slides, a Dr. Loftus TED Talk on memory, and a video on Galton's role in Eugenics
    • 2-hour time limit
    • Students arriving late and finding others have already completed the test will receive a grade of zero
    • Bring a pencil and a physical or digital York ID card

    Chapter 5: Learning

    • Classical conditioning: Neutral Stimulus (NS), Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS), Unconditioned Response (UCR), Conditioned Stimulus (CS), Conditioned Response (CR), extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization, stimulus discrimination
    • Little Albert study of conditioned fear
    • Seligman's learned taste aversion
    • Classical conditioning in advertising
    • Operant conditioning: Shaping, positive & negative reinforcement, positive & negative punishment, primary & secondary reinforcers, stimulus control, schedules of reinforcement
    • Risks of using physical punishment
    • Cognitive learning (latent learning, Tolman's cat maze study)
    • Observational learning: Bobo Doll studies, relationship between violent media consumption and real-world aggression

    Chapter 6: Memory

    • Encoding, storage, retrieval
    • Sensory, short-term, and long-term memory (span, duration)
    • Levels of processing (superficial, moderate, deep, impact on memory)
    • Rehearsal (maintenance, elaborative, chunking)
    • Serial position effect (primacy, recency)
    • Types of memory (declarative vs. non-declarative, implicit vs. explicit, episodic, semantic, procedural, flashbulb, memory consolidation and the hippocampus, the role of the amygdala, long-term potentiation, role of sleep)
    • Retrieval cues (use of mnemonics and context cues, priming)

    Chapter 7: Thinking, Language, Intelligence

    • Forgetting (Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve, decay, proactive & retroactive interference, amnesia)
    • Constructive memory (Dr. Loftus's work on misinformation effect & false memories, errors in eyewitness testimony)
    • Building blocks of thought (mental representations, prototypes, concepts)
    • Problem-solving (means-ends analysis, working backward, heuristics, algorithms, irrelevant information, mental sets, functional fixedness)
    • Types of problems (transformation, inducing structure, arrangement)
    • Problem-solving approaches (availability heuristic, representativeness heuristic, confirmation bias, convergent & divergent thinking, relationship to creativity)
    • Availability & representativeness heuristic, confirmation bias
    • Components of Language: Grammar (phonemes, syntax, semantics), benchmarks in language development (telegraphic speech, overgeneralization errors), critical periods
    • Theories of language development (nativist, learning, interactionist)
    • Bilingualism
    • Intelligence: Galton's views, theories (Spearman's g, Sternberg's Triarchic model, Gardner's multiple intelligences, emotional intelligence), measurement, influences, tests, research on group differences, range of reaction theory

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    Description

    Test your understanding of key concepts from Psychology Chapters 5, 6, and 7, including classical and operant conditioning, cognitive learning, and famous studies such as Little Albert. This quiz consists of 70 multiple-choice questions designed to assess your grasp of essential psychological theories and applications. Make sure to review the associated lecture materials and videos for a comprehensive preparation.

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