Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which problem-solving approach involves breaking the problem down into smaller, manageable steps?
Which problem-solving approach involves breaking the problem down into smaller, manageable steps?
- Working backward
- Heuristic reasoning
- Trial and error
- Means-ends analysis (correct)
What cognitive barrier to problem-solving is characterized by relying on familiar strategies even when they are not effective?
What cognitive barrier to problem-solving is characterized by relying on familiar strategies even when they are not effective?
- Functional fixedness
- Confirmation bias
- Heuristic bias
- Mental set (correct)
Which of the following best describes a characteristic of the availability heuristic?
Which of the following best describes a characteristic of the availability heuristic?
- Estimating probabilities based on memorable or recent events (correct)
- Using exhaustive algorithms for decision-making
- Evaluating situations based on historical data
- Making judgments based on stereotypes
Which of the following is NOT a component of language?
Which of the following is NOT a component of language?
In which theory of intelligence is the concept of 'g', or general intelligence, primarily identified?
In which theory of intelligence is the concept of 'g', or general intelligence, primarily identified?
Which of the following concepts is NOT associated with classical conditioning?
Which of the following concepts is NOT associated with classical conditioning?
What does the term 'latent learning' refer to?
What does the term 'latent learning' refer to?
In the context of memory, which effect suggests that items presented at the beginning of a list are remembered better?
In the context of memory, which effect suggests that items presented at the beginning of a list are remembered better?
What is the primary function of the hippocampus in memory processing?
What is the primary function of the hippocampus in memory processing?
Which type of memory is primarily focused on the events and experiences of one's life?
Which type of memory is primarily focused on the events and experiences of one's life?
Which of the following is the best example of a retrieval cue?
Which of the following is the best example of a retrieval cue?
What phenomenon describes the decrease in memory retention over time?
What phenomenon describes the decrease in memory retention over time?
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of false memories?
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of false memories?
Flashcards
Problem-solving Heuristics
Problem-solving Heuristics
Mental shortcuts used to simplify the process of solving problems, often leading to quick solutions.
Mental Set
Mental Set
A tendency to approach a problem in a way that has worked in the past, even if a more effective strategy exists.
Intelligence Tests
Intelligence Tests
Assessments designed to measure various aspects of cognitive abilities.
Syntax
Syntax
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Availability Heuristic
Availability Heuristic
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Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
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Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
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Memory Encoding
Memory Encoding
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Sensory Memory
Sensory Memory
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Long-term Memory
Long-term Memory
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Levels of Processing
Levels of Processing
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Misinformation Effect
Misinformation Effect
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Constructive Memory
Constructive Memory
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Study Notes
Test Format
- 70 multiple-choice questions covering chapters 5, 6, and 7
- Includes lecture slides, a Dr. Loftus TED Talk on memory, and a video on Galton's role in Eugenics
- 2-hour time limit
- Students arriving late and finding others have already completed the test will receive a grade of zero
- Bring a pencil and a physical or digital York ID card
Chapter 5: Learning
- Classical conditioning: Neutral Stimulus (NS), Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS), Unconditioned Response (UCR), Conditioned Stimulus (CS), Conditioned Response (CR), extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization, stimulus discrimination
- Little Albert study of conditioned fear
- Seligman's learned taste aversion
- Classical conditioning in advertising
- Operant conditioning: Shaping, positive & negative reinforcement, positive & negative punishment, primary & secondary reinforcers, stimulus control, schedules of reinforcement
- Risks of using physical punishment
- Cognitive learning (latent learning, Tolman's cat maze study)
- Observational learning: Bobo Doll studies, relationship between violent media consumption and real-world aggression
Chapter 6: Memory
- Encoding, storage, retrieval
- Sensory, short-term, and long-term memory (span, duration)
- Levels of processing (superficial, moderate, deep, impact on memory)
- Rehearsal (maintenance, elaborative, chunking)
- Serial position effect (primacy, recency)
- Types of memory (declarative vs. non-declarative, implicit vs. explicit, episodic, semantic, procedural, flashbulb, memory consolidation and the hippocampus, the role of the amygdala, long-term potentiation, role of sleep)
- Retrieval cues (use of mnemonics and context cues, priming)
Chapter 7: Thinking, Language, Intelligence
- Forgetting (Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve, decay, proactive & retroactive interference, amnesia)
- Constructive memory (Dr. Loftus's work on misinformation effect & false memories, errors in eyewitness testimony)
- Building blocks of thought (mental representations, prototypes, concepts)
- Problem-solving (means-ends analysis, working backward, heuristics, algorithms, irrelevant information, mental sets, functional fixedness)
- Types of problems (transformation, inducing structure, arrangement)
- Problem-solving approaches (availability heuristic, representativeness heuristic, confirmation bias, convergent & divergent thinking, relationship to creativity)
- Availability & representativeness heuristic, confirmation bias
- Components of Language: Grammar (phonemes, syntax, semantics), benchmarks in language development (telegraphic speech, overgeneralization errors), critical periods
- Theories of language development (nativist, learning, interactionist)
- Bilingualism
- Intelligence: Galton's views, theories (Spearman's g, Sternberg's Triarchic model, Gardner's multiple intelligences, emotional intelligence), measurement, influences, tests, research on group differences, range of reaction theory
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts from Psychology Chapters 5, 6, and 7, including classical and operant conditioning, cognitive learning, and famous studies such as Little Albert. This quiz consists of 70 multiple-choice questions designed to assess your grasp of essential psychological theories and applications. Make sure to review the associated lecture materials and videos for a comprehensive preparation.
