Judicial Branch Quiz Review PDF

Judicial Branch Quiz Review Define the following: Judicial Review The ability of the Court to declare a Legislative or Executive act in violation of the Constitution. Precedent An earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or...

Judicial Branch Quiz Review Define the following: Judicial Review The ability of the Court to declare a Legislative or Executive act in violation of the Constitution. Precedent An earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances. Verdict A decision on a disputed issue in a civil or criminal case or an inquest. Evidence The available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid. Appeal Make a serious or urgent request, typically to the public. Jury Trial They are trials that allow juries to make findings of fact and render a verdict for the trial. Federal Jurisdiction Cases that arise under a federal law. State Jurisdiction Hear cases involving events that took place in the state where the court sits or if defendants reside in or are served with a summons and complaint in that state. Concurrent Many state cases can go in either federal or state, which Jurisdiction means concurrent. Appellate Jurisdiction To hear a case for a second time, only the defendant can appeal a case in a criminal case. Supreme Court Affecting ambassadors and other public Jurisdiction ministers and consuls, it could be disputes  between the states. Directions: Answer the following questions. 1. What is the difference between a Criminal Case and Civil Case? (Involved parties, Burden of Proof, & Punishments) Criminal case you have committed a crime and you could get executed or go into jail. But in Civil Cases you only have caused harm and violated someone's right and you only would get a fine or some legal action. 2. What is the highest court in the country that is the only court mentioned in the Constitution? The Supreme Court 3. How many justices are on the Supreme Court? There are 9 4. Who is currently the head of the Supreme Court? John G. Roberts, Jr. 5. The head of the Supreme Court is known as the: Chief Justice 6. What is the difference between State Courts and Federal Courts? Be sure you can define both. State courts are courts of "general jurisdiction,” they hear all the cases not specifically selected for federal courts. Just as the federal courts interpret federal laws, state courts get to interpret state laws. 7. Explain how Supreme Court Justices are selected. They would be by being nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. 8. Explain the role of the Judicial Branch. It decides the constitutionality of federal laws and resolves other disputes about federal laws. Write a brief description of each case and explain the significance (impact). Name of Case Description Significance McCulloch v The court decided that the One of the first and Maryland Federal Government had the most important right and power to set up a Supreme Court Federal bank and that states did cases on federal not have the power to tax the power. Federal Government. Marbury v. Marbury argued that he was It was the first time Madison entitled to the writ because a the supreme court commission had already been said no to an act created. The court disagreed on of congress being whether the court had the unconstitutional. power to issue the writ. Plessy v. The case stemmed from an 1892 It upheld the Ferguson incident in which African American train constitutionality of racial passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in segregation under the a car for Black people. “separate but equal” doctrine. Brown v. Board of The Browns attempted to enroll their The Court finally Education daughter in an all white school in determined that Topeka, KS., and they were not allowed. “separate but equal” was not equal to all  They argued that segregated schools are Americans; violating the not equal. 14th Amendment Gideon v. Gideon filed a habeas corpus petition in That every person that Wainwright the Florida Supreme Court, arguing that goes to trial gets a jury the trial court's decision violated his whether or not they can constitutional right to be represented by pay/afford one. counsel. The Florida Supreme Court denied habeas corpus relief. Texas v, Johnson Johnson was convicted and arrested The freedom of speech under the Texas law, he was burning the and assembly only American flag. applies if it is peaceful. Loving v. Virginia Happened in 1963 and the So it made it clear voting was 9-0 loving in every state because Virgina wouldn’t let people can marry different races get married. in different races. Kennedy v Happened in 2014 and It allowed the Bremerton Kennedy won 6-3, it extended public school staff School District the first amendment. the freedom to exercise their religion. NCAA v. Alston Happened in 2014 and the Now college NCAA lost the athletes sued athletes can get the NCAA. money from NIL. Korematsu v. In response to the Japanese attack on It made the government U.S. Pearl Harbor during World War II, the to require U.S. government decided to require Japanese-Americans to Japanese-Americans to move into move to relocation relocation camps as a matter of national camps. security. TLO v. New TLO argued that the fourth amendment It prohibits teachers and Jersey against seizures and unreasonable school officials from searches. doing unreasonable searches. Tinker v. Des Majority rule neither teachers or Schools cannot “censor” Moines students use their rights of speech or students because expressions at school. everyone has their own freedom of speech.