Judicial Branch Review

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Questions and Answers

What is the process called when the Court can declare a Legislative or Executive act unconstitutional?

Appeal

Verdict

Precedent

Judicial Review (correct)

What defines a Jury Trial?

A trial decided by a judge only

A trial without a witness

A trial where juries make findings of fact (correct)

A trial that deals with federal law only

Which jurisdiction involves cases that arise under federal law?

Federal Jurisdiction (correct)

Concurrent Jurisdiction

State Jurisdiction

Appellate Jurisdiction

Which of the following statements is true about Civil Cases?

They involve harm or violation of someone's rights Signup and view all the answers

How many justices compose the highest court in the United States?

9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Chief Justice?

To lead the Supreme Court Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between State Courts and Federal Courts?

State Courts address local issues, while Federal Courts handle federal matters Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by Appellate Jurisdiction?

To review a case that has already been decided Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of state courts?

To hear all cases not specifically selected for federal courts Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for nominating Supreme Court Justices?

The President of the United States Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of McCulloch v. Maryland?

It affirmed the Federal Government's right to establish a Federal bank Signup and view all the answers

In which case did the Supreme Court declare an act of Congress unconstitutional for the first time?

Marbury v. Madison Signup and view all the answers

What doctrine was upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson?

The constitutionality of racial segregation under 'separate but equal' Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Brown v. Board of Education?

It stated that segregation of schools was not equal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Judicial Branch?

To decide the constitutionality of federal laws Signup and view all the answers

What was the central issue in Gideon v. Wainwright?

The right to counsel in criminal cases Signup and view all the answers

What was the main argument presented by Gideon in his habeas corpus petition?

He had the right to legal representation regardless of his financial status. Signup and view all the answers

What significant ruling was established in Loving v. Virginia?

Different races can marry in every state. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court decide in Tinker v. Des Moines?

Students retain their rights of speech and expression at school. Signup and view all the answers

What precedent did Kennedy v. Bremerton set regarding public school staff?

The First Amendment protects the exercise of religion. Signup and view all the answers

What outcome resulted from NCAA v. Alston?

College athletes are allowed to earn money from NIL deals. Signup and view all the answers

What was established by Korematsu v. U.S. regarding Japanese-Americans during World War II?

The government could require relocation into camps. Signup and view all the answers

What principle was underscored in Texas v. Johnson regarding freedom of speech?

Peaceful expressions of dissent are protected. Signup and view all the answers

What does TLO v. New Jersey state about searches in schools?

Teachers and school officials cannot conduct unreasonable searches. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Judicial Branch Review

Judicial Review: The ability of the Court to declare a Legislative or Executive act as unconstitutional.
Precedent: An earlier event or action used as a guide in similar circumstances.
Verdict: A decision in a civil or criminal case or inquest.
Evidence: Facts or information supporting a belief or proposition's validity.
Appeal: A serious or urgent request, typically to the public.
Jury Trial: Trials allowing juries to determine facts and render verdicts.
Federal Jurisdiction: Cases arising under federal law.
State Jurisdiction: Cases involving events in the court's location or where defendants reside.
Concurrent Jurisdiction: Cases that can be heard in either federal or state courts.
Appellate Jurisdiction: The ability to hear a case for a second consideration, typically for a defendant after a criminal case.
Supreme Court Jurisdiction: Cases affecting ambassadors, public ministers, consuls, or disputes.

Criminal vs. Civil Cases

Criminal Case: Involves a crime, and criminal penalties are applied, including jail time or execution.
Civil Case: A violation of someone's rights causing harm, and results in fines or legal actions but not jail time.

Supreme Court

Supreme Court: The highest court in the country.
Justices (Supreme Court): There are nine justices.
Chief Justice: The head of the Supreme Court; currently, John Roberts, Jr.
Selection of Justices: Nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate.

State vs. Federal Courts

State Courts: Deal with general jurisdiction cases not exclusively federal. State courts interpret state laws.
Federal Courts: Deal with cases specifically assigned. These courts interpret federal laws.

Supreme Court Cases

McCulloch v. Maryland: The federal government has power to set up a bank and states cannot tax it.
Marbury v. Madison: Established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review ( deciding whether laws or acts are constitutional.)
Plessy v. Ferguson: Upheld "separate but equal" segregation (racial segregation).
Brown v. Board of Education: Declared state-sponsored segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the judicial branch of government with this review quiz. Explore key concepts such as judicial review, precedent, and various types of jurisdiction. Perfect for students looking to understand the complexities of the court system.