Medical Terminology and English Language Lecture 4 PDF

Sulaimani Polytechnic University Technical Collage of Health Nursing Department 1st Stage 2021-2022 Medical Terminology and English Language Lecture 4 Cardiovascular system (CVS ) Card- = heart Myo- = muscle Myocardium = H...

Sulaimani Polytechnic University Technical Collage of Health Nursing Department 1st Stage 2021-2022 Medical Terminology and English Language Lecture 4 Cardiovascular system (CVS ) Card- = heart Myo- = muscle Myocardium = Heart muscle. Pericardium Sac around the heart. Endocardium Endothelial lining of the heart. Atrium The upper chamber of the heart, the right A. receives blood from systemic veins, the left A. receives blood from pulmonary veins.  Ventricle The two lower chambers of the heart with thick muscular walls. Aorta The main artery, arises from the left ventricle. Aortic valve Between the left ventricle and the aorta. Tricuspid valve Between the right atrium and the right ventricle. Mitral valve Between the left atrium and the left ventricle.  Pulmonary artery Conveys the blood from the heart to the lung. Pulmonary vein Carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. Coronary The vessels that supply heart muscle with blood. Systole Contraction of the heart muscle. Diastole Relaxation of the heart muscle.  Cardiac output Blood volume pumped from the heart/min. Hypertension High blood pressure more than 160/95 mmHg. Hypotension Low blood pressure less than 100/50 mmHg. Haematoma Blood collection in internal organs or S.C. tissues. Electrocardiograph (ECG) Electrical tracing of the changes in action potential from the heart during cardiac cycle.  Myocarditis Inflammation of the myocardium. Valve stenosis Narrowing of the cardiac valve. Antiarrhythmic drugs Drugs used to treat myocardial arrhythmia. (irregular heartbeat) Antianginal drugs Drugs used to treat angina pectoris. Hyperlipidemia Increased blood lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides. The respiratory system Rhin- = nose Thorac- = chest Pulm- = lung Pneum- = air Respire- = to keep on breathing Ventilation Passage of air to bronchi. Alveolus Air-sac of the lung. Inspiration Passage of air into the lungs.  Expiration Passage of air outside the lungs. Asphyxia Failure of breathing. Apnoea No breathing either voluntary or pathological. Dyspnoea Difficult or uncomfortable breathing. Hyperventilation Increased rate and volume of breathing with increasing in carbon dioxide elimination.  Anoxia No oxygen delivery to tissues.( severe hypoxia.) Hypoxia Decreased tissue oxygenation. Sputum The mucoid bronchial secretions. Rhinitis Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose with discharge and obstruction. Pharyngitis Inflammation of pharynx with fever& disphagia. (difficulty or discomfort in swallowing).  Bronchial asthma Reversible and temporarily airway obstruction. Bronchitis Inflammation of the trachea and bronchial tree. Pneumonia Acute infection of the alveolar spaces of the lung. Emphysema Emphysema is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture — creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones.  Decongestant A drug used (locally or systemically) to treat congestion of mucus membrane in the lung. Expectorant A drug which modifies secretion with easy expulsion from the bronchial tree. Antitussive A drug used to inhibit cough reflex by depressing cough center in the medulla. Mucolytic A drug that dissolves thick sputum to be easily expectorated. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) The digestive system  -Pepsia = Digest To transform the main components of diet to simple molecule that can easily absorbed. Absorption The passage of digested food from the intestinal lumen to the blood. Excretion Elimination of waste materials from the body. -Gastro- = Stomach Abdomen The place that contains the GIT and the urinary tract. -Phagia = Eating Hepatic = Liver Chole- = Bile Cholecyst- = Gall bladder Toothache = Tooth pain Gingivitis = Inflammation of the gum. Xerostomia xero- = dry = dry mouth Stomatitis Inflammation of the mouth. Glossitis Inflammation of the tongue.  Anorexia Loss of appetite. An- = without. -rexia = appetite. Hyperorexia Increased appetite. Dysphagia Difficult, painful swallowing. Polyphagia poly = many or multi To eat frequently. Tachy (Brady) phagia Rapid or slow eating. Nausea = try to vomit.  Gastric reflux Reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus. Flatulence Bloating and distension of the intestine with gas. Dyspepsia = indigestion. Gastritis Inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Peptic ulcer Ulceration of the mucous membrane and the muscularis mucosa of stomach or duodenum and occurring in areas bathed by acid and pepsin.  Appendicitis Inflammation of the appendix which may leads to peritonitis. Peritonitis Acute inflammation of visceral and parietal peritoneum. Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas. Diarrhea An increase in the volume, fluidity of the stools or in the frequency of the bowel movement.  Constipation Difficult defecation or infrequent passage of feces. Hepatomegaly -Megaly = enlargement. Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver. Cirrhosis Disorganization of the liver by widespread of fibrosis and reddish yellow color. Fatty liver Accumulation of triglycerides in the liver in visible amounts.  Endoscopy = Seeing inside e.g. gastroscopy Biopsy A piece of the mucosa taken by endoscopy for histopathological examination. Anorexiogenic drug A drug that depress appetite, used for obesity. Carminative A drug expells gases from the stomach or colon. Antacid A drug taken orally to increase the pH of the stomach by neutralizing the free acid (HCL).  Antiemetic A drug that inhibits the mechanisms of vomiting. Laxative (Purgative) A drug taken to evacuate the bowel contents. Antispasmodic A drug decreases colic or smooth muscle spasm. Antidiarrheal A drug used to treat diarrhea. Anthelmintic A drug used to eradicate intestinal parasites. Enema Rectal injection of fluid to evacuate the colon