Medical Terminology A&P PDF

Module 1 Anatomy: study of the human body Physiology: Study of how organisms' function -\> Body's normal and helps identifying what's wrong Pathology: Study of diseases and effect on the body -\> s/s of disease= better assessment Etiology: study of cause or origin of disease -\> prevents, treatm...

Module 1 Anatomy: study of the human body Physiology: Study of how organisms' function -\> Body's normal and helps identifying what's wrong Pathology: Study of diseases and effect on the body -\> s/s of disease= better assessment Etiology: study of cause or origin of disease -\> prevents, treatment plan, a better educate patient Prognosis: Course of medical condition -\> plan appropriate care and better expectations Pharmacology: Study of drugs and effects on body-\> administration and recognizing potential Drug interactions Comorbidity: Presence of one or more co-occurring conditions with primary condition -\> comprehensive care and understanding potential complications Contraindication: condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment -\> prevent harmful Treatment and ensure patients safety. Triage: Process of determining priority of patient's treatment base on severity of condition -\> emergency situations-\> patient flow Aseptic technique: used to contamination from pathogens -\> prevent infections Module 2 Root words- part of the body Cardi = heart Neuro= nerve Derm- skin Prefix words- modification of the word Hyper= excessive/ above normal Hypo= Below normal Suffixes- condition, procedure, disease Itis= inflammation Ectopy= surgical removal Muscular system Skeletal muscle: voluntary movement, bones, striated appearance Cardiac muscles: heart, involuntary, striated appearance Smooth muscles: organs, involuntary, non- striated appearance Tests: Electric myography (EMG) : tests the electric activity of muscles Procedures: Myotomy: surgical cutting of a muscle Tomography: suturing of a tendon Names and locations: Biceps brachii: front of upper arm Quadriceps femoris: front of the thigh Gastrocnemius: back of lower legs Latissimus Doris: upper back Pectoralis major: Chest Actions and movement: Flexion: decrease joint angle Extension: increase joint angle Abduction: moves away from midline Adduction: move toward midline Rotation: turns around axis Anatomical terms of motion: Proximal: closer to attachment site Distal: further from attachment Superficial: closer to body surface Deep further from body's surface lateral: away from midline Skeletal system: Skull: protects the brain, shapes head, house and protects sensory organs Vertebrae: 33 bones that make the spinal column -\> protects the spinal cord and allows for flexible movement of the trunk Ribs: curves-\> protects vital organs and assist in breathing Sternum: (breastbone) Center of the chest -\> provides attachment point for the ribs, protects the heart and lungs Appendicular skeleton: Humerus: long bone in upper arm-\> allows army movement and provides attachment points for muscles Femur: thigh bone, longest and strongest bone in the body -\> supports body weight during standing and walking Patella: kneecap -\> protects the knee joints and improves leverage of leg muscles Carpals: 8 small bones that make up the wrist-\> allows flexible movement within the wrist Phalanges: bones of fingers and toes-\> enables grasping and fine motor skills in hand and the balance in the feet Joints and related structure: Ligament: tough elastic tissue that connects bones to other bones provides stability and limits excessive movement Cartilage: flexible connective tissue found in many areas of skeleton-\> cushions joints, provides structure (ears and nose) Synovial fluid: thick clear fluid found in the joints-\> lube joints to decrease friction Periosteum: a tough membrane that covers the outer surface of bones -\> provides blood supply to bone sand aids in bone growth and repair Upper respiratory tract: Nasal cavity: hollow space behind the nose (air purifier) Pharynx: the throat- muscular tube that serves as a passageway for both air and food (busy intersection where breathing and eating paths cross Larynx: voice box, contains vocal cords (instrument) Epiglottis: a leaf shaped flap that covers the larynx during swallowing (traffic controller) Lower respiratory Tract: Trachea: the windpipe -- a tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi (main highway got air travel in body) Bronchi: Two large air passages that branch off from traches into the lungs. (major off ramps from the air highway) Bronchioles: smaller branches of the bronchi that spread throughout the lungs. (local streets in our air traffic system) Lungs: Alveoli: Tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs. (the bubbles are what makes breathing happen) Pleura: Double layered membrane that surrounds each lung (protective jacket for your lungs allowing them to expand and contract smoothly) Pulmonary Surfactant: A substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing (lubricant that keeps air sacs working efficiently) Lobes: The distinct sections of the lungs (three in the right lung, two in the left) different neighborhoods in the lung city. Diaphragm: Diaphragm: the dome shape muscle beneath the lungs that contract and relaxes to facilitate breathing (powerhouse of the respiratory system) Intercostal Muscles: muscles between the ribs that help in breathing. (Faithful assistants in breathing process Bonus terms: Cilia: tiny hair-like structures in the airways that help to trap and remove debris. (cleaning crew of res. System) Hemoglobin: protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. (delivery trucks in blood stream) Digestive system: Common root words: core parts inflammation of the stomach is the root word for enterology: intestines combine it with logi which means the study of and you get, the study of the intestines deep into refers to the liver Hepatomegaly: megaly means enlargement so hepatomegaly is the enlargement of the liver the root word Cholecystectomy: cholly relates to bile or gall in, cyst means sad is the removal of the gallbladder Common prefixes: used in digestive system terminology Hypogastric: hypo means under or below in, gastric refers to the stomach so hypogastric means below the stomach Peritoneum: Perry means around for instance, refers to the membrane that surrounds the abdominal organs indicates that it\'s around something under or below Sublingual: lingual refers to the tongue so sublingual means under the tongue common suffix: gastritis: itis that means inflammation, inflammation of the stomach hepatomegaly: megaly means enlargement, enlargement of the liver appendectomy: ectomy refers to the removal of something which is the removal of the appendix logi means the study of some gastroenterology: is the study of the stomach and intestines examples: gastro= stomach Inter= intestines itis means inflammation gastroenteritis: the inflammation of the stomach conjunctivitis: pink eye it is means inflammation, conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva the clear tissue covering the white part of your eye myopia: near sightedness you can see close objects clearly, but distant ones are blurry hyperopia or far sightedness: is the opposite opia: vision laryngologist: the ears is otic and auto is a Doctor Who specializes in ear nose and throat disorders tympanic membrane: eardrum otitis is inflammation of the ear optic neuritis or otitis externa= of the optic nerve and the outer ear canal Eyes: Windows to the world Cornea: clear, dome shape surface that covers the front of the eye Iris: the colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light entering the eye Pupil: Black circle opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye Lens: transparent structure behind the iris that focuses light rays onto the retina Rentina: the light- sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye Optic nerve: the nerve that carries visual information from the retina to the brain Sclera: the white, outer layer of the eyeball Macula: the central area of the retina responsible for detailed central vision Common Disorders: Myopia: near sightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects. Clearly Hyperopia: Farsightedness difficulty seeinclose objects clearly Astigmatism irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, causing distorted vision Glaucoma: a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to increase pressue within the eye Cataract: clouding of the eyes natural lens leading to blurred vision Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the conjunctiva, often called pink eye Macular degeneration: a condition that affects the macula causing loss of central vision Anatomy: Pinna: the visible part of the outer ear Eternal canal: the tube that connects the outer ear to the middle ear Tympanic membrane: the eardrum separates the outer ear from the middle ear Ossicles: the three tiny bones in the middle ear: malleus, incus, and stapes Cochlea: the snail shape organ in the inner ear responsible for hearing Vestibule: part of the inner ear involves in balance Semicircular Canals: Three loose- shaped structures in the inner ear that help with balance. Eustachian Tube: connect the middle ear to the back of the throat, Equalizing eat pressure Common disorders: Otitis media: Inflammation or infection of the middle ear Tinnitus: perception of the ringing or buzzing sounds in the ears Vertigo: a sensation of spinning or dizziness often related to inner ear problems Presbycusis: age-related hearing loss Meniere Disease: a disorder of the inner ear that can cause vertigo, hearing loss, ad tinnitus Acoustic Neuroma: a noncancerous tumor that develops on the nerve connecting the ear to the brain Otosclerosis: abnormal bone growth in the. Idle ear that causes hearing loss Endocrine system: this is a network of glands that produce and release hormones directly into the bloodstream these hormones regulate a variety of bodily functions from growth and metabolism to mood and reproductive processes Hormones: are chemical messengers to the bloodstream to tissues and organs impacting how they function think of them as tiny postal workers delivering important messages Glands: are specialized organs in the endocrine system some major glands include the pituitary thyroid and adrenal glands pituitary gland: master gland because it controls other endocrine glands and regulates growth and metabolism it\'s about the size of a pea but plays a huge role in your body thyroid gland: it releases hormones that regulate metabolism energy generation and overall growth and development adrenal glands: sit atop your kidneys they produce hormones like adrenaline and cortisol which help your body respond to stress and regulate metabolism insulin: a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells people with diabetes often have issues with insulin production or function endocrine and exocrine: the pancreas itself is a gland with both functions it produces insulin and other important enzymes that aid in digestion estrogen and testosterone: like these are sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes respectively they play crucial roles in reproductive health mood and even bone density homeostasis: this is the body\'s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes outside the endocrine system plays a significant role in keeping everything balanced Insulin: a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels Cortisol: often called the stress hormone it is produced by the adrenal glands and effects metabolism and immune response Thyroxine: a hormone produces by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism and growth Estrogen: a group of hormones primarily responsible for female sexual characteristics and reproductive functions Testosterone: the primary male sex hormone though is present in both males and females Pituitary Gland: often called the "master gland" it controls other endocrine glands and produces several hormones Thyroid gland: located in the neck, it produces hormones that regulate metabolism Adrenal glands: sit atop the kidneys and produce hormone like cortisol and adrenaline Pancreas: produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels Gonads Tests in male and ovaries in females, Producing sex hormones Hypothyroidism: a condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone Cushing syndrome: caused by excessive cortisol levels in the body Polycystic ovary syndrome: a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age Urinary system: Nephron: means Neuro: means urine Nephritis: means inflammation of the kidney Ren: refers to the kidney u\'re: relates to urine and oxic: refers to the bladder nephro and you get nephrotoxic which means something that\'s toxic to the kidneys ectomy: means surgical removal and urea: related to urine cystitis is inflammation of the bladder hematuria: is the presence of blood in the urine pyelonephritis: combines pylon renal pelvis with nephron and IT and this term refers to inflammation of the kidney's renal pelvis Kidney: bean shaped organ that filter blood and produce urine Nephron: the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration Renal Cortex: The outer region of the kidney containing collecting ducts Glomerulus: a network of capillaries in the nephron that filters blood Ureters: Ureter: tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder Peristalsis: wave-like muscle contractions that move urine through the ureters Urinary bladder Bladder: Urinary Bladder muscular sac that stores Urine Detrusor muscle: the main muscle of the bladder was Trigone: triangular area at the base of the bladder Urethra: Urethra: tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body Urethral sphincter: Circular muscles controlling urine release Renal Arteries: Renal Artery: Blood vessel supplying oxygenated blood to the kidneys Afferent arteriole: Small artery carrying blood into the glomerulus Efferent Arteriole: Small artery carrying blood away from the glomerulus The Reproductive system- Male and Female Male: Oligospermia: breaking it down oligo means few or scanty sperm refers to spermatozoa and I indicates a condition therefore oligospermia describes a condition characterized by a low sperm count Epididymitis: here EPI means upon over didymus refers to the epididymis of coiled tube that stores sperm and eating signifies inflammation denotes inflammation of the epididymis Penis: The External male organ used for urination and sexual intercourse Scrotum: the external sac that holds the testicles Testicles: also known as testes, these are the male reproductive glands that produce sperm and testosterone Epididymis: a tubelike structure attached to each testicle that stores and transports sperm Vas Deferens: the tube that carries sperm from the epididymis the urethra Seminal Vesicles: Glands that produce fluid to nourish sperm Prostate Gland: a gland that produces fluid to protect and nourish sperm\ Urethra: a tube that carries urine and semen out of the body Glan: the sensitive tip of the penis Foreskin: the Fold of skin covering glans in uncircumcised males Prostate Enlargement (Benign prostatic hyperplasia- BHP): a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that can cause urinary problems Testicular Cancer: A relatively rare but serious cancer that primarily Erectile Dysfunction (ED): the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse Varicocele: An enlargement of the veins that drain the testicle, which can affect fertility Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland which can cause pain and urinary problems Female: Vulva: the external female genital area Labia: the folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening includes labia majora(out fold) and labia minora (inner folds) Clitoris: a small sensitive organ located at the front of the vulva Vagina: the muscular canal extending from the vulva to the cervix Cervix: the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina Uterus: Alos known as the womb, this organ houses and nourishes the developing fetus during pregnancy Fallopian Tubes: the tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus Ovaries: the female reproductive glands that produce eggs and hormones Endometrium: the lining of the uterus that thickens monthly in preparation for potential pregnancy Hymen: a thin membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening in some females Bartholin Glands: Glands located near the vaginal opening that produce lubricating fluid Mammary Glands: the milk producing glands in the breast Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): a hormonal Disorder that can cause irregular periods, excess hair growth, and fertility issues Endometriosis: a condition where tissue like the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, causing pain and potential fertility problems Uterine Fibroids: Non-cancerous growth in the uterus that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain Cervical Cancer: a type of cancer that occur in the cells of the cervix, often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) Pelvic Inflammatory disease (PID): an infection of the female reproductive organs, usually cause by sexually transmitted reproductive organs, usually cause by sexually transmitted bacteria Dysmenorrhea: here this signifies difficult or painful men refers to menstruation and area denotes flow or discharge therefore dysmenorrhea describes painful menstruation salpingo oophorectomy: this term combines salpingo referring to the fallopian tubes ofor meaning ovary and ectomy surgical removal thus salpingo oophorectomy refers to the surgical removal of both a fallopian tube and an ovary Module 4 Mental Health: Anxiety: a feeling of worry, nervousness or unease about an uncertain outcome Generalized anxiety Disorder: Persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life Panic attack: a sudden episode of intense fear that triggers severe physical reactions when there is no real danger Social anxiety disorder: intense anxiety or fear f being judges, negatively evaluated, or rejected in social situations Phobia: an extreme or irrational; fear of or aversion to something specific Mood disorders: Depression: a mental health disorder characterized by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities Bipolar Disorder: a condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression) Major depressive Disorder: a mental health condition characterized by a persistently depressed moos or loss of interest in activities, causing significant impairment in daily life Dysthymia: a milder but long-lasting form of depression, also known as persistent depressive disorder seasonal affective disorder: a type of depression related to changes in seasons, typically, occurring during fall and winter months Other important terms: Cognitive Behavioral therapy (CBT): a type of psychotherapeutic treatment that helps patients understand the thoughts and feelings that influence behaviors Psychiatrist: a medical doctor who specializes in mental health, including substance use disorders Psychologist: a mental health professional specializing behavior and mental processes. Neurotransmitter: a chemical messenger that transmit signal in the brain and other parts of the nervous system Serotonin: a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood, sleep, appetite, and other functions Central nervous System (CNS): Brain: the primary control center of the nervous system Cerebrum: the largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions Cerebellum: the "little brain" that coordinates movement and balance Brainstem: connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls vital functions Spinal cord: the main pathway for information between the brain and the body Neuron: the basic functional unit of the nervous system Synapse: the junction between two neurons where information is transmitted Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): Fluid that surround and protects the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system: Nerve: a bundle of fibers that transmits signal between the CNS and the rest of the body Sensory neurons: nerve cells that carry information from the body to the CNS Motor neurons: nerve cells that carry signals from the CNS to muscles and glands Autonomic nervous system: Controls involuntary bodily functions Sympathetic nervous system: the "fight" or "flight" system Parasympathetic nervous system: the "rest and digest" system Reflex arc: a neutral pathway that produced a quick, involuntary response to a stimulus Anatomical Structure Terms Axon: the long, slender part of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses Dendrite: branch-like structures of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons Myelin Sheath: a fatty layer that insulates and protects nerve fibers Ganglion: a cluster of nerve cell bodies in the PNS Meninges: protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord Corpus callosum: a band of nerve fibers connection the two cerebral hemispheres Ventricles: cavities in the brain involved in memory formation and spatial navigation Hippocampus: a region of the brain involved in memory formation and spatial Navigation General pediatric: Pediatrician: a doctor specializing in the care of infants, children, and adolescents Well- Child visit: Regular check-ups to monitor a child growth, development and overall health Growth chart: a tool used to track child's physical development over time Milestone: a significant point in a child's development, such as first words or first steps Common childhood illnesses Colic: excessive inconsolable crying in another wise healthy infant Ear infection: inflammation of the middle ear, often causing pain and fever RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus): a Common respiratory virus that can be severe in infants Hand, foot, and mouth disease: a viral infection causing sore in the mouth and a rash on hands and feet Autism Spectrum Disorder: a range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills. repetitive behaviors and communication ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a condition affecting attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity Dyslexia: a learning disorder that involves difficulty reading Speech delay: when child speech development is slower than expected for their age Common allergies: Food allergy: an immune system reaction that occurs after eating a specific food Eczema: a condition causing itchy, inflames skin Asthma: a chronic lung condition that inflames and narrow the airways Hay fever: allergic reaction to airborne substances like pollen Skin layers Epidermis: the outermost layer of skin Dermis: the layer beneath the epidermis, containing blood vessels and nerve ending s Hypodermis: also known as subcutaneous tissue, the deepest layer of skin Skin components Keratinocytes: main cell type in the epidermis Melanocytes: cells that produce melanin, giving skin its color Sebaceous glands: oil-producing glands in the skin Sweat glands: glands that produce sweat for temperature regulation Hair and nails Follicle: the structure from which hair grows Cuticle: the outer most layer of the hair shaft Nail bed: the skin beneath the nail plate Lunula: the white crescent- shaped area at the base of a nail Common skin disorders: Acne: inflammatory condition of the sebaceous glands Eczema: chronic skin condition causing itchy, inflamed skin Psoriasis: auto immune condition causing rapid skin cell to turn over Dermatitis: general term for skin inflammation Skin Infections: Cellulitis: bacterial infection of the deep layers of skin Impetigo: highly contagious bacterial skin infection Ring worm; fungal infection causing ring shaped rash Skin Lesions: Macule: flat, discolored area of skin Papule: small, Raise bumps on the skin Vesicle: small fluid-filled blister Pustule: small, Pus-filled blister Topical Medications: Corticosteroids: anti-inflammatory cream for various skin condition Retinoids: vitamin A derivatives used for acne and anti-aging Antibiotics: Topical treatment for bacterial skin infection Systemic treatment: Antihistamines: oral medication for allergic for allergic skin reactions Immunosuppressants: medication to treat autoimmune skin condition Procedures: Cryotherapy: freezing treatment for warts and other skin lesions Phototherapy: Light-based treatment for condition like psoriasis Dermabrasion: procedure to improve skin texture and appearance Module 5: Cardiovascular system: Heart: The muscular organ that pumps blood through the body Atrium: the upper chamber of the heart Ventricle: the lower chamber of the heart Aorta: the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the body Vena Cav: large veins that return blood to the heart Disorders Hypertension: high blood pressure Myocardial infarction: heart attack Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat Blood system: Erythrocyte: red blood cell Leukocyte: white blood cell Platelet: Blood cell fragment involved in clotting Plasma: liquid component of blood Disorders Anemia: deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin Leukemia: cancer of blood-forming tissues Hemophilia: genetic disorder affecting blood clotting Thrombosis: formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel Lymphatic system anatomy: Lymph Node: small structure that filters lymph and store immune cells Spleen: organ that filters blood and stores platelets Thymus: gland that produces T-lymphocytes Tonsils: lymphoid tissue in the throat Disorders: Lymphedema: swelling caused by lymph buildup Hodgkins Lymphoma: cancer of the lymphatic system Tonsillitis: inflammation of the tonsils Splenomegaly: enlarged spleen Oncology Terms: Oncology: the branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer Carcinoma: a type of cancer that begins in the skin tissues that line or cover internal organs Sarcoma: A type of cancer that begins in the bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue Leukemia: a Cancer of blood-forming tissues, including bone marrow, leading to the production of abnormal blood cells Lymphoma: a type of blood cancer that affect the lymphatic system, which is part of the body's germ-fighting network Metastasis: The spreads of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to another part of the body Neoplasm: An abnormal growth of tissue, which may be benign(non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) Chemotherapy: the is of drugs to destroy cancer cells, typically by stopping the cancer cells and shrink tumors Immunotherapy: a type of cancer treatment that helps the immune system fight cancer. Palliative care: Specialized medical care focused on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of a serious illness, including cancer Remission: a decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some but not all signs and symptoms disappear. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer are gone. Oncologist: a doctor who specializes in treating cancer Tumor marker: substances, often protein, produce by cancer cells or by the body in response to cancer, used to help diagnose and mange cancer. Staging: the process of determining the extent and spread of cancer within the body Benign: Not cancerous; benign tumor grows but they do not spread to other parts of the body Malignant: Cancerous; malignant tumor a can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body \\alopecia: hair loss, which can be. A side effect of some cancer treatment Cytotoxin: referring to a substance or process that is toxic to cels, often used in the context of cancer treatment Pharmacology terms:\ Pharmacology: the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action Pharmacokinetics: the study of how drugs are absorbed, Distributes, Metabolized, and excrete by the body Pharmacodynamics: the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action. Drug schedules: I: Drugs with no accepted medical use and high potential for abuse II: Drugs with high potential for abuse but accepted medical use (morphine, oxycodone) III: Drugs with moderate to low potential of abuse (Codeine, anabolic steroids) IV: drugs with low potential for abuse (alprazolam, Diazepam) V: drugs with the lowest potential for abuse (cough preparations with codeine) Drug Categories (most common) Analgesics: medication that relieve pain (acetaminophen, ibuprofen) Antibiotics: drugs that fight bacterial infections (Amoxillin, ciprofloxacin) Anticoagulant: medications that prevent blood clots (warfarin, Heparin) Antidepressants: Drugs used to treat depression and mood disorders Antihypertensive medication that lower blood pressure (Albuterol, Theophylline) Diuretics: drugs that increase urine production (furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide) Antiemetics: medication that prevent or treat nausea and vomiting (ondansetron, metoclopramide Common Drug names in pharmacology and uses: Acetaminophen: Tylenol Category: analgesic/antipyretic Use: Pain relief Ibuprofen: Advil, Motrin Category: Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Use: Pain relief, inflammation reduction, fever reduction Aspirin: Bayer Category: NSAID / Antiplatelet Use: Treats bacterial infections Metformin: Glucophage Category: Antidiabetic Use: Manages blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes Atorvastatin: Lipitor Category: Statin (HMH-CoA Reductase Inhibitor) Use: Lower cholesterol levels Lisinopril: Zestril Prinivil Category: ACE Inhibitor Use: treats High blood pressure and heart failure Omeprazole: Prilosec Category: Bronchodilator Use: treats asthma and other respiratory conditions Simvastatin: Zocor Category: Statin Use: lowers Cholesterol levels Losartan: Cozaar Category: Angiotensin II receptor Blocker (ARB) Use: treats high blood pressure and protects kidneys in diabetic patients Levothyroxine: Synthroid Category: thyroid Hormone Use: treats Hyperthyroidism