Latin Anatomic Terminology PDF

1 A one-word anatomical term. The noun. Nouns in Latin have the same categories as in Russian: - genus gender: (genus) masculinum (m) masculine gender, (genus) femininum (f) feminine gender, (genus) neutrum (n) neuter gender; - numerus number: (numerus)...

1 A one-word anatomical term. The noun. Nouns in Latin have the same categories as in Russian: - genus gender: (genus) masculinum (m) masculine gender, (genus) femininum (f) feminine gender, (genus) neutrum (n) neuter gender; - numerus number: (numerus) singularis singular, (numerus) pluralis plural; - a declension system including six cases (casus): Nominativus nominative (who? what?) Genetivus genitive (who? what?) Dativus dative (to whom? what?) Accusativus accusative (who? what?) Ablativus ablative, deferred (by whom? by what?) Vocativus is vocative Nominativus (nominative case) and Genetivus (genitive case) are used in medical terminology for nomination, i.e. naming, naming of objects, phenomena, etc. If the Nominativus is intended for naming an object, phenomenon, etc. (basis base), then the Genetivus serves to characterize the named object (basis cranii base of the skull). In Latin, nouns are distributed according to 5 declensions, differing in case endings. 1 2 3 4 5 f m n mfn m n f -us -um different Nom a -us -u - es -er -on endings Gen ae -i - is - us - ei The dictionary form of a Latin noun, i.e. the form of its entry in the dictionary, includes three components: - the Nominativus singularis form (nominative singular case); - ending Genetivus singularis (genitive singular); - letter designation of the genus: m, f, n: homo, inis m man; maxilla, ae f upper jaw; cavum, i n cavity. The basis of the noun is determined by the Genetivus singularis (genitive singular) by discarding the ending characteristic of each declension. The ability to distinguish the basis of a word is necessary not only in order to correctly change it by numbers and cases when composing a verbose medical term, but also in order to form derivative words from it.  2 Exercises 1. Write nouns in Nom. and Gen. sing. Select the base. Write the dictionary form of nouns with translation. Specify the declension. Example: Nom. cingulum Gen. cinguli cingulum, i n belt – 2nd declension. Ala, musculus, sulcus, genu, facies, lobus, cornu, ductus, septum, sinus, fibra, incisura. 2. Divide the terms into 1, 2, 4 and 5 declensions of nouns. Translate. Collum i n; spina, ae f; sulcus, i m; species, ei f; uvula, ae f; tunica, ae f; eminentia, ae f; saliva, ae f; cranium, i n; ductus, us m; ala, ae f; fundus, i m; fossa, ae f; meatus, us m; cornu, us n; gingiva, ae f; chole, es f; raphe, es f; facies, ei f; dorsum, i n; arcus, us m; sensus, us m; cancer, cri m; stratum, i n; sinus, us m; spatium, i n; lingua, ae f; processus, us m; cerebrum, i n; superficies, ei f; cellula, ae f; cavum, i n; incisura, ae f; bucca, ae f; pulpa, ae f; frenulum, i n; alveolus, i m; labium, i n; lamina, ae f; ganglion, i n; fasciculus, i m; vestibulum, i n. 3. Write nouns in dictionary form with corresponding equivalents: Angulus, arteria, funiculus, bucca, cavum, brachium, encephalon, trochlea, digitus, cingulum, clavicula, thymus, junctura, carpus, sella, ligamentum, scapula, periosteum, calvaria, intestinum, glandula, processus, manus, thalamus, olecranon, mentum, condylus, fonticulus, оculus, tuberculum, taenia, cochlea, periosteum. 4. Write the words in English transcription, paying attention to the Greek vowel "y". Condylus, tympanum, thymus, systema, gyrus, coccyx, larynx, symbolus, pharynx. 5. Write nouns in Nom. and Gen. sing. Select the stem. Write the dictionary form of nouns with translation. Specify the declension. Example: Nom. mentum Gen. menti mentum,i n – chin – 2nd declension. Superficies, hiatus, plica, encephalon, valvula, arcus, tuberculum, gyrus, crista, brachium.  3 6. Write the nouns in dictionary form and specify the declension to which each noun belongs. Translate. Ductus, musculus, nasus, facies, concha, incisura, cornu, apertura, оculus, mentum, lumbus, fundus, uvula, ramus, protuberantia, species, ligamentum, pupilla, septum, costa, digitus, meatus, tonsilla, cavum, fossa, mandibula, cranium, maxilla, nodus, palpebra, ganglion, condylus, nucleus, vertebra, glandula, palatum, angulus, sutura, cellula, crista, sulcus, tympanum, lobus, ala, stratum, arcus, cerebrum, thymus, periosteum. 7. Translate and write in the dictionary form following nouns: Partition, sinus, lingua, periosteum, ligament, chin, skull, duct, passage, surface, crest, seam line, back, horn, branch, conch, upper jaw, lower jaw, angle, fiber, tympanum, finger, condyle, scale, bottom, ulna, upper arm, fontanelle, loin, shoulder blade, rib, fraction, muscle, radial bone, space, periosteum. 8. State the correspondence of Latin anatomical terms to their English equivalents. Spatium, costa, fibra, mentum, brachium, species, genu, sinus, meatus, condylus, dorsum, stratum, processus, valvula, septum, ligamentum, cingulum, clavicula, carpus, lobus, olecranon; ligament, belt, process, layer, condyle, elbow process, collar-bone, chin, wrist, kind, fraction, knee, shoulder, back, passage, fiber, rib, sinus, space, partition, valvule.  4 Vocabulary 1st declension Latin English Russian ala, ae f wing крыло apertura, ae f aperture отверстие, (раскрытие) bursa, ae f pouch сумка calvaria, ae f the vault of the skull, свод черепа, (roof of the skull) (крыша черепа) cellula, ae f cell клетка, ячейка choana, ae f hoana хоана chorda, ae f cord струна, нить clavicula, ae f collar-bone ключица cochlea, ae f cochlea улитка (улитка внутреннего уха) columna, ae f column колонна, столб costa, ae f rib ребро concha, ae f conch раковина crista, ae f crest гребень eminentia, ae, f ledge, elevation выступ, возвышение fibra, ae f fiber волокно fibula, ae f fibula малоберцовая кость fissura, ae f fissure щель fovea, ae f depression, hollow ямка (круглая) fossa, ae f hollow ямка (удлиненная) gingiva, ae f gum десна incisura, ae f incisure вырезка, выемка junctura, ae f juncture связь, соединение lamina, ae f plate пластинка lingua, ae f tongue язык mandibula, ae f lower jaw нижняя челюсть maxilla, ae f upper jaw верхняя челюсть medulla, ae f marrow мозг nucha, ae f the back of the head выя, (затылок) patella, ae f knee-cap надколенник  5 papilla, ae f papilla сосочек plica, ae f fold складка protuberantia, ae f protuberance возвышение, костный выступ pulpa, ae f pulp мякоть, мясистая часть scapula, ae f shoulder blade лопатка squama, ae f scale чешуя sella, ae f saddle седло spina, ae f awn, point ость, острие tibia, ae f tibia, shinbone большеберцовая кость trochlea, ae f trochlea блок ulna, ae f ulna локтевая кость valvula, ae f valvule заслонка, (клапан, створка) vertebra, ae f vertebra позвонок anatome, es f dissection рассечение сhole, es f bile желчь diploë, es f spongy substance of губчатое вещество костей bones raphe, es f seam line, stripe; the line линия шва, полоса; линия of the place of fusion of места сращения сухожилий tendons or muscles или мышц 2nd declension Masculinum Latin English Russian alveolus, i m groove луночка, (желобок) angulus, i m angle угол calcaneus, i m (os calcis) calcaneus, heel bone пяточная кость carpus, i m wrist запястье condylus, i m condyle мыщелок, шишкообразный отросток digitus, i m finger палец fonticulus, i m fontanelle родничок fundus, i m bottom, base дно, основание gyrus, i m gyrus извилина lobus, i m fraction, part доля  6 lumbus, i m loin поясница musculus, i m muscle мышца nervus, i m nerve нерв radius, i m radius, radial bone лучевая кость ramus, i m branch ветвь tarsus, i m tarsus предплюсна thalamus, i m thalamus бугор, (зрительный бугор) sulcus, i m groove борозда cancer, cri m cancer рак Neutrum Latin English Russian brachium, i n upper arm плечо, (кость плеча) cavum, i n cavity, cistern полость, пещера cerebrum, i n brain головной мозг cingulum, i n belt пояс collum, i n neck шея, шейка cranium, i n skull череп dorsum, i n back спина, тыльная сторона encephalon, i n brain головной мозг ganglion, i n ganglion узел (нервный) ligamentum, i n ligament связка mentum, i n chin подбородок olecranon, i n elbow process локтевой отросток periosteum i n periosteum надкостница septum, i n partition перегородка spatium, i n space пространство stratum, i n layer слой tuberculum, i n tubercle бугорок tympanum, i n tympanum, drum барабан vestibulum, i n vestibule, entrance преддверие, вход 4th declension Masculinum Latin English Russian arcus, us m arch дуга ductus, us m duct проток  7 hiatus, us m gap расщелина, (отверстие, щель) meatus, us m passage проход, (ход) plexus, us m plexus сплетение processus, us m process отросток, (продвижение вперед) recessus, us m recess углубление, (карман) sinus, us m sinus пазуха, синус Neutrum Latin English Russian genu, us n knee, genus (kind) колено, род cornu, us n horn рог 5th declension Latin English Russian facies, ei f face, surface лицо, поверхность superficies, ei f surface, поверхность, (upper side) (верхняя сторона) species, еi f kind, tea вид; сбор (лек. форма)