Latin Noun Morphology

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following sets of nouns contains terms exclusively belonging to the first declension?

  • sulcus, ala, fossa, ductus
  • collum, spina, sulcus, uvula
  • spina, uvula, tunica, ala (correct)
  • spina, sulcus, uvula, tunica

Which noun belongs to the fifth declension?

  • gingiva
  • collum
  • facies (correct)
  • sinus

If 'angulus, i m' means angle, which of the following best describes its dictionary entry form?

  • angulus, is, f
  • angulus, us, n
  • angulus, i, m (correct)
  • anguli, i, m

Which of the following transcriptions is correct for the word 'thymus'?

<p>/taɪmʊs/ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given that 'superficies' means surface, which option correctly shows its dictionary form, stem, and declension?

<p>superficies, ei, f; superficie-; 5th declension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 'apertura' means opening, which of the following provides the correct dictionary form and declension?

<p>apertura, ae, f - 1st declension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly translates 'lingua' and provides its dictionary form?

<p>Tongue; lingua, ae, f (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Latin term to its correct English equivalent: 'Periosteum'.

<p>Membrane around the bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Latin medical terminology, what is the primary function of the Genetivus case when used in conjunction with the Nominativus?

<p>To characterize or describe the named object, providing additional context. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A student encounters the Latin noun 'foramen, foraminis n'. Which component indicates the word's declension?

<p>The combination of 'foraminis n' indicates the declension indirectly, as it demonstrates it is a third declension neuter noun (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is identifying the base of a Latin noun important in medical terminology?

<p>It allows for correct declension in various cases and numbers and for forming derivative words. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a Latin noun's dictionary form is given as 'manus, us f', what does 'us' indicate?

<p>The noun belongs to the fourth declension and is in the genitive singular form. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an accurate representation of the dictionary form of a Latin noun?

<p>vertebra, ae f (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the declension endings provided, which declension includes nouns that can be masculine, feminine, or neuter?

<p>Third Declension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A medical term includes the phrase 'processus styloidei'. Knowing that 'processus' is nominative singular, what case is 'styloidei', and what does it indicate?

<p>Genitive plural, describing multiple processes, each of which is styloid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you determine the base of the Latin noun 'caput, capitis n'?

<p>By removing the '-is' from 'capitis'. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to a 'hollow' or 'depression' in anatomical Latin?

<p>Fossa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the provided Latin terms directly translates to 'collar-bone' in English?

<p>Clavicula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these Latin terms describes the 'elbow process'?

<p>Olecranon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following 2nd declension Latin words is of the neuter gender?

<p>Brachium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A medical student is studying a structure that creates a partition. Which Latin term would most accurately describe this structure?

<p>Septum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the listed terms refers to ‘the vault of the skull’?

<p>Calvaria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In anatomical terms, which Latin word corresponds to 'lower jaw'?

<p>Mandibula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a structure is described as having a 'ledge' or 'elevation', which Latin term would be appropriate?

<p>Eminentia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A doctor is examining an X-ray showing a fracture in the 'radial bone'. Which Latin term should she use in her notes?

<p>Radius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes a 'passage' or 'way through' a structure?

<p>Meatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a discussion about the layers of the skin, which Latin term would be used to refer to a single 'layer'?

<p>Stratum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a dissection, a structure resembling a 'fold' is observed. Which Latin term best describes this?

<p>Plica (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms defines the spongy substance of bones?

<p>Diploë (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A surgeon is about to repair a torn ligament. Which Latin term accurately describes the tissue he will be operating on?

<p>Ligamentum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In descriptions of spatial relationships in anatomy, which Latin term indicates 'space'?

<p>Spatium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anatomical Term

A one-word anatomical term, functioning as a noun.

Genus (Gender) in Latin Nouns

Masculine (m), Feminine (f), and Neuter (n).

Numerus (Number)

Singular and Plural.

Cases of Latin Nouns (casus)

Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, Vocative.

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Nominativus and Genetivus

Used for naming objects (basis) and characterizing them (basis cranii).

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Latin Noun Declensions

Nouns are grouped into 5 declensions, each with unique case endings.

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Dictionary Form of Latin Noun

Nominativus singularis, Genetivus singularis, and genus (m, f, n).

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Basis of a Latin Noun

Determined from the Genetivus singularis by removing the declension-specific ending.

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First Declension Nouns

First declension nouns typically end in '-a' in the nominative singular.

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Second Declension Nouns

Second declension nouns often end in '-us' or '-um' in the nominative singular.

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Fourth Declension Nouns

Fourth declension nouns typically end in '-us' in the nominative singular and denote a bend or curve.

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Fifth Declension Nouns

Fifth declension nouns end in '-es' in the nominative singular, and often relate to a state or condition. These nouns have the genitive singular ending in -ei .

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Fossa

A depression or hollow area.

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Meatus

A channel or passage.

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Septum

A partition or dividing structure.

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Stratum

A general term indicating a surface layer or covering.

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Spatium

Space

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Fibra

Fiber

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Brachium

Upper arm

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Species

Kind, type

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Genu

Knee

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Sinus

Sinus

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Condylus

Condyle

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Dorsum

Back

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Processus

Process

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Valvula

Partition, Valve

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Clavicula

Collar-bone

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Study Notes

  • Nouns in Latin share the same categories as in Russian.

Genus (Gender)

  • Masculinum (m) denotes masculine gender.
  • Femininum (f) denotes feminine gender.
  • Neutrum (n) denotes neuter gender.

Numerus (Number)

  • Singularis denotes singular number.
  • Pluralis denotes plural number.
  • Latin uses a declension system with six cases (casus).

Cases (Casus)

  • Nominativus: Nominative (who? what?).
  • Genetivus: Genitive (who? what?).
  • Dativus: Dative (to whom? what?).
  • Accusativus: Accusative (who? what?).
  • Ablativus: Ablative (by whom? by what?).
  • Vocativus: Vocative.
  • Nominativus (nominative case) and Genetivus (genitive case) are used in medical terminology for naming objects and phenomena.
  • Nominativus is for naming an object (basis base).
  • Genetivus characterizes the named object (basis cranii base of the skull).
  • Latin nouns are distributed into 5 declensions, differing in case endings.

Declensions

  • 1st Declension: Nom. -a (f), Gen. -ae.
  • 2nd Declension: Nom. -us (m), Gen. -i; Nom. -um (n), Gen. -i.
  • 3rd Declension: Nom. varies (mfn), Gen. -is.
  • 4th Declension: Nom. -us (m), Gen. -us; Nom. -u (n), Gen. -us.
  • 5th Declension: Nom. -es (f), Gen. -ei.

Dictionary Form of a Latin Noun

  • Includes the Nominativus singularis form (nominative singular case).
  • Includes the ending Genetivus singularis (genitive singular).
  • Includes the letter designation of the genus (m, f, n).
  • Examples: homo, inis m man; maxilla, ae f upper jaw; cavum, i n cavity.
  • The basis of the noun is determined by the Genetivus singularis (genitive singular).
  • Discard the ending characteristic of each declension.
  • Distinguishing the basis of a word is necessary to correctly change it by numbers and cases.
  • It is also important when composing a verbose medical term and forming derivative words.

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