Study Questions with Answers PDF

Study Questions with Answers What property of a wave is equal to half the vertical distance between a crest and trough - Amplitude Which scientist showed that a light wave can be accurately described as an - Albert Einstein What is the SI unit of frequency - Hertz (Hz) What is the number of wav...

Study Questions with Answers What property of a wave is equal to half the vertical distance between a crest and trough - Amplitude Which scientist showed that a light wave can be accurately described as an - Albert Einstein What is the SI unit of frequency - Hertz (Hz) What is the number of waves that pass by a point in a given time - Frequency The idea that light consists of a series of waves rather than individual particles is the ___ theory of light - Wave theory of light Light consists of tiny bundles or "packets" of energy; what does light consist of - Photons Based on quantum theory, the energy of a light "packet" is ___ proportional to its frequency - Directly What type of spectrum consists of only certain wavelengths of light - Line spectrum The most stable energy of an atom is the highest or lowest energy state possible - Lowest When a hydrogen atom is in the ground state, n has a value of what number - 1 This model of the atom indicates that electrons move about the nucleus only in specific, quantized orbits - Bohr model When a gas is heated, which subatomic particle changes energy levels to release light - Electron What property of atoms causes elements to produce line spectra instead of continuous spectra - Atomic structure Which scientist first proposed that light is composed of matter waves - Louis de Broglie ___ configuration is the complete arrangement of electrons in an atom - Electron configuration Which quantum number indicates the main energy level in which an electron is found - Principal quantum number The n = 4 electron shell has how many subshells - Four What quantum number describes the orientation in space of an individual orbital within a subshell - Magnetic quantum number What quantum number indicates the shape or type of subshell in which an electron is found - Azimuthal quantum number What is the maximum number of electrons in the n = 3 electron shell - 18 What is the maximum number of electrons in a p subshell - 6 This principle states that no two electrons may have the same set of four quantum numbers - Pauli exclusion principle What quantum number differentiates two electrons occupying the same orbital - Spin quantum number The idea that electrons occupy the lowest-energy orbital available - Aufbau principle This idea states that one electron will occupy each orbital in a p, d, or f subshell before pairing begins - Hund's rule What is the name of the outermost electrons in an atom - Valence electrons What did Dobereiner name identified groups of three elements with similar properties - Triads By what property is the modern periodic table organized - Atomic number Who developed the periodic table of elements - Dmitri Mendeleev Elements in the same ___ have similar valences - Group What term refers to a row of the periodic table - Period Which group on the periodic table is also called the metalloids - Metalloids On the periodic table, what are the names for groups 3-12 - Transition metals Which group on the periodic table does not readily combine with other elements - Noble gases What is the name for elements that are always found in nature as 2+ ions - Alkaline earth metals What group of metals exists in compounds as 1+ ions - Alkali metals What is the name for highly reactive soft solids with low melting points - Alkali metals What rule states that orbitals fill in order of increasing n + l - Aufbau principle What is the energy released when one electron is added to a gaseous atom of an element - Electron affinity What is the ability of chemically combined atoms to attract electrons to themselves - Electronegativity What is the periodic trend (direction) for increasing atomic radius - Atomic radius increases down a group (top to bottom) and decreases across a period (left to right) What are the most electronegative elements - Fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen are the most electronegative elements. Electronegativity increases across a period (left to right) and decreases down a group (top to bottom) Which elements have the smallest first ionization energy - Alkali metals (e.g., lithium, sodium). Ionization energy decreases down a group (top to bottom) and increases across a period (left to right) What elements have a very small atomic radius - Noble gases (e.g., helium). Atomic radius decreases across a period (left to right) and increases down a group (top to bottom) Which ions with the same number of electrons also have the smallest ionic radius - Cations (positive ions). Among ions with the same number of electrons, ionic radius decreases as the nuclear charge (number of protons) increases, which is seen moving from left to right across a period