State Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan (PDF)

State construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan After Kazakhstan gained independence, the process of development of sovereign statehood gained momentum. The political system focused on the formation of a strong presidential republic, in this regard, on the reform of parliamentary power, which prov...

State construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan After Kazakhstan gained independence, the process of development of sovereign statehood gained momentum. The political system focused on the formation of a strong presidential republic, in this regard, on the reform of parliamentary power, which provided for a professional Supreme Council. In the regions, cities, and districts, in accordance with the law on local self-government, a reform of the executive power was carried out. During the transition period, the head of the administration was assigned such tasks as responsibility for the economy, the implementation of presidential and government decisions on the ground. The appointment or early dismissal of the heads of administration took place in a strictly vertical way, that is, through the president of the Republic and higher administrative heads. The Soviets would plan and approve the budget and monitor the progress of its implementation. He also worked with deputies, headed the work of standing committees, planned the strategic development of the region, and worked together with various public organizations. The official history of the army of Kazakhstan began on May 7, 1992. On the day of the decree of the president \"on the creation of the Armed Forces\", the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan were formed. On June 4, 1992, the national flag, coat of arms and anthem of the Republic of Kazakhstan were approved. State symbols are a reflection of history and culture, as well as reflect the unique identity of the country and affect the consciousness of citizens. The author of the national flag of the Republic of Kazakhstan is Sh.Niyazbekov. The blue color of the flag symbolizes solidarity and a clear sky, the golden sun - peace and wealth, the steppe eagle - prosperity and vigilance, the triad of thought and imagination. The flag is decorated with a national ornament with ram horns. It is known in history that this ancient ornament existed in the early nomads who inhabited the territory of Kazakhstan. The author of the state emblem is Architects zh.Malibekov and Sh.Valikhanov. At the top of the coat of arms there is a five-pointed star, at the bottom it is written \"Kazakhstan\". It consists of two colors, gold and blue. The dome-shaped shanyrak reminds of the Blue World. The horse has long been a companion of nomads, and the winged horse symbolizes the desire for a prosperous strong state. The five-point star indicates the community of states and the unity of the peoples of the five continents. The national anthem was adopted in 1992 and a new anthem was adopted in 2006. The authors are sh. Kaldayakov and Zh.Nazhmedinov. The decree of President N. Nazarbayev \"on the introduction of the national currency\", issued on November 12, 1993, was adopted, according to which the tenge was considered the \"only legal means of payment\" on the territory of the country. On January 28, 1993, the Supreme Council of the Republic adopted the first Constitution of independent Kazakhstan, which became the foundation for the creation of a rule of law and includes the formation of a guarantee of its statehood, ensuring independence, economic, cultural and scientific and technological progress. According to this Constitution, the Republic of Kazakhstan was a democratic, secular and unitary state. He ensured equal rights for all his citizens. It emphasized the integrity, indivisibility and inviolability of the territory. The power of Public Administration in the Republic of Kazakhstan, according to the principle of its division, was divided into three branches of power, legislative, executive and judicial, the only source of state power being the people of Kazakhstan. The powers of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR, elected in 1990, were to end in 1995. But, by the end of 1993, political life in the Republic had undergone dramatic changes. In November 1993, the People\'s Deputies of the Alatau District Council made an unprecedented decision on self-dissolution. Deputies of the District Council called on the Supreme and local councils to dissolve themselves. On December 9, The Supreme Council adopted a law on early termination of the powers of the local council of people\'s Deputies of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Of the 360 Deputies of the Supreme Council, 200 terminated their powers ahead of schedule. On December 10, the presidential decree entered into force the law on local representative and executive (administrative) bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Maslikhats were elected by the local population for five years. and the heads of the regional administration (governors) were appointed by the President. On December 17, 1993, the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan \"on elections in the Republic of Kazakhstan \'\' was adopted, according to which a new (major) system of elections to the parliament was proposed in the composition of 117 deputies, who were elected for a term of five years. On March 7, 1994, the elections to the Parliament of the Republic were held. But one of the candidates for Deputies of the parliament, T. G. Kvyatkovskaya, who failed to register, filed a lawsuit with the Central Election Commission against the Constitutional Court of Kazakhstan for violation of the code in the elections in the Abylaikhan electoral district. After a long trial, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan declared the powers of Deputies of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan illegal, and the parliament was dissolved. From April 19, 1994, until the absence of a legally elected Supreme Council in the Republic and the election of a new parliament, on the basis of the law \"on temporary granting of additional powers to the president of the Republic of Kazakhstan and heads of local administrations\'\', the president was given other powers to make decisions with legal force. The president of the Republic signed a number of decrees regulating the economy, social issues. On April 29, 1995, a referendum was held to extend the powers of the president until 2000. According to official data, 91% of citizens with the right to vote took part in the voting, and 95% of them expressed their support for the extension of powers. On August 30, 1995, there was a republican referendum on the draft new Constitution, according to official data, 90% of citizens with the right to vote took part in the referendum. The adoption of the Constitution was advocated by 89% of those who took part in the vote. On September 6, 1995, the Presidential Palace hosted a ceremony for the official proclamation of the new Constitution. Its official text was transferred for storage to the Central State Museum. August 30 was declared a state holiday-Constitution Day. The new Constitution covered ideological and political multifaceted issues. The problem of property was considered from a new point of view, private ownership of land was introduced. In addition, the Constitution recognized that public and private property are equally protected. On December 7, elections to the bicameral parliament of Kazakhstan were held. In October 1997, President N. Nazarbayev became the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan.He signed a decree on the removal of Kazhygeldin from office. On October 10, 1997, N. Balgimbayev was appointed prime minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In October 1997, the president issued a decree declaring Akmola the capital of Kazakhstan, starting from December 10, 1997. On May 6, 1998, Akmola was renamed The Capital. In October 1998, the Parliament of Kazakhstan introduced a regulation on holding presidential elections for a longer term (7 years) in 1999. In October 1998, the presidential elections were scheduled to be held on January 10, 1999. In January 1999, elections were held. According to official data, 1% of voters voted for E. Gabbasov, 13% for S. Abdildin, 4% for G. Kassymov, and more than 80% for N. Nazarbayev. In May 1999, another amendment was made to the election law of Kazakhstan, thereby making significant changes in the electoral system. The law provides for a new, mixed electoral system, according to which 10 seats in Parliament were allocated on the basis of proportional representation, and the remaining 67 seats were elected by deputies in a single-member constituency. On October 10, 1999, the elections to the Parliament of the Republic were held in a new, mixed electoral system. In October 1999, the Central Election Commission of Kazakhstan summed up the official results of voting, and in the fall of 1999, the government headed by N. Balgimbayev resigned. K. Tokayev has been appointed prime minister. In July 2000, the constitutional law\" on the first president of the Republic of Kazakhstan \" came into force, which strengthened his inviolability and showed him that the president cannot be held accountable (except for treason) after his resignation. In 1997, The Strategic Program of the country\'s development \"Kazakhstan-2030\" was announced. Until 2030, seven long-term issues are highlighted: national security; internal political stability and integration of society; economic growth with high involvement of foreign investors on the basis of the market economy; health, education of citizens of Kazakhstan; development of energy resources; infrastructure development (especially transport and communications); professional state. The president identified eight powerful aspects of Kazakhstan\'s society that are the optimal basis for the implementation of the program for 2030: the independence of the state, its symbols and symbols; the permanent break from the old political and economic system. The emergence of a new political and economic system:people adapted to the new situation, began or learned to a new type of human attitude, new values. There is a process of transition from a state-collective approach to individual-autonomy. This process also has its own difficulties. During the transition period, many Kazakhstanis have experienced a lot and sacrificed a lot. It is also true that the former system guaranteed a minor social good and achieved success in a number of areas. But it was difficult to keep up with the idea of the free market, even if our people had high knowledge and skills, sufficient scientific and creative potential, while maintaining the unity and stability of society in Kazakhstan, rich in Natural Resources, and had high moral qualities. The Strategic Program \"Kazakhstan-2030\" is a document of great historical and political significance. In the history of our state, such a large-scale program has never been seen before. The strategy outlines new ways of independent development of Kazakhstan as an independent state. It also takes into account the specifics of the country\'s external development factors. The program \"Kazakhstan-2030\", adopted in 1997, was implemented ahead of schedule according to the main basic criteria. Now there is a need to define a new stage of the country\'s development for the long term. On December 14, 2012, the expresident N. Ə. Nazarbayev has published a new address to the people of the Republic. \"The strategy \"\"Kazakhstan-2050\" \"was called \"\"new political course of the established state\"\".\" \"The strategy \"\"Kazakhstan-2050 \"\" reflects the future of the state.\" The address used a new concept of \"established state\". This is a political statement that over the past 20 years, independence has been established, the country has been built, and Kazakhstan has become one of the 50 fundamental and strong States in the world. The expresident has now set a task in this program to bring Kazakhstan to the top 30 developed countries by 2050. The address identified 7 political directions that should be implemented to achieve this goal: 1\. profit, investment and competitiveness to the principle of obtaining returns, to economic pragmatism conduct a well-founded economic policy. 2\. entrepreneurship as the leading force of the national economy comprehensive support. 3\. New, such as social guarantees and personal responsibility social policy based on principles. 4\. Modern education system, personnel training and retraining formation of the main directions of training. 5\. further strengthening of statehood and Kazakhstan development of democracy. 6\. promotion of national interests and regional and global consistency, which allows you to strengthen security conducting a predictable foreign policy. 7\. New Kazakhstan patriotism-multinational and the basis for the success of a multi-confessional society. In his address, N. Nazarbayev set the goal of creating a prosperous society on the basis of a strong state, a developed economy and Universal labor by 2050, to make our sacred homeland \"Mangilik El\". List of used literature: - - -